Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immunological responsiveness of a panel of 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied in an in vitro model of xenogeneic sensitization against mouse lymphoid cells. Generation of cytotoxic thymus-derived (T) cells evaluated by a chromium release assay against labeled target cells was found to be drastically impaired in these lupus patients. Such depression was independent of drug therapy at the time of the study, clinical status, and other immunological parameters such as antibodies against native DNA, complement levels, cryoglobulinemia, circulating immune complexes, or T- and bone marrow-derived (B)-cell numbers. In contrast to the cytotoxic response, the proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, to allogeneic lymphocytes, and to xenogeneic lymphocytes were not significantly different from those of normal individuals. The latter response was shown to be H-2 restricted with the primed lymphocyte test. These results suggest the presence of a selective defect in the generation or in the expression of killer cells rather than a deficiency in antigen recognition by T cells. The role of serum factor(s) was examined by educating the lymphocytes of normal subjects in the presence of serum from SLE patients. Such manipulation affected both the generation of killer cells and the proliferative response. Finally our observations indicate that depression of cell-mediated immunity in SLE patients may be associated with several mechanisms including a cellular one, specifically affecting the generation of killer T cells, and a humoral one possibly as a result of antilymphocytic antibodies and(or) immune complexes.
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PMID:Selective depression of the xenogeneic cell-mediated lympholysis in systemic lupus erythematosus. 11 Aug 33

Passive hemagglutination tests (H.T.), involving the coating of a soluble B. abortus antigen onto sheep red blood cells through chromium chloride, were always negative in non-brucellic subjects. Positive H.T., even at low titers (1:50), were associated with positive specific lymphoblastic (T.T.L.) and inhibition of leucocyte migration (I.M.L.) tests in 13 patients. These 3 tests were negative in 17 control brucellosis-free individuals. Positive H.T. confirmed a clinical diagnosis of brucellosis in 27 patients with dubious or negative responses to classical tests. Low positive (1:50, 1:100) H.T. may correspond to Brucella primary-infection or to a quiescent chronic infection, and higher titers to clinically active brucellosis. There is a correlation between cellular immunity tests (T.T.L., I.M.L.) and passive hemagglutination test. Furthermore, 39/88 women hospitalized in psychiatric wards were positive to H.T., and 6 of them were also highly positive to complement fixation and tube agglutination tests. Three T.T.L. and I.M.L., performed on samples from 3 H.T. (1:50) positive patients, were positive. These 30 patients were classified as depression or severe anorexia.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of human active or latent human brucellosis by lymphocyte transformation. Inhibition of leukocyte migration and passive hemagglutination. Possible interference between brucellosis and some mental disorders]. 17 77

The effects of beryllium addition to a dental cobalt-chromium alloy on biological compatibility as well as physical properties were examined and the following results were obtained. 1. Slight, but significant depression of the rates of cell multiplication was obtained with the experimental groups, i.e., alloy with no beryllium added as well as alloys with beryllium of up to 3.0 per cent by weight, compared to control group, which contained no alloys, but a glass disk. Within the experimental groups no significant difference in the rates of cell multiplication was found between the alloys with beryllium addition ranging from zero up to 2.0% by weight. However, alloy with 3.0% beryllium yielded slight, but significant depression of the rates of cell multiplication. Pure beryllium metal revealed severe cytotoxicity. 2. Cell morphology of the experimental groups confirmed the above results of the rate of cell multiplication. 3. Increase of beryllium within the alloys resulted in increase of tensile strength as well as Rockwell hardness, while elongation and fusion temperature were brought down. 4. Metallographs of alloys and cast specimens confirmed the results of the mechanical properties. The more beryllium was added, the smaller was the alloy crystal observed. 5. Loss of beryllium in the alloy was found during such procedures as melting each metal for making up alloys and casting. It is considered that the present results will be able to lend suggestions to beryllium use in dentistry with regard to biological compatibility as well as physical properties.
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PMID:[A study on the effects of beryllium addition upon biological and physical properties of dental cobalt-chromium alloys (author's transl)]. 28 70

Five experiments were conducted with growing chicks to determine the effectiveness of various materials in modifying the toxicity of vanadium. The toxicity of vanadium (as it is measured by growth depression and mortality) was much greater when vanadium was added to a semipurified diet than when it was added to a practical diet containing natural ingredients. When EDTA was added to diets containing 50 to 200 p.p.m. vanadium, the growth depression was reduced from 22.1% and 75.9% to 8.4% and 36.7% respectively, and the mortality was reduced from 80% to 20% among chicks fed 200 p.p.m. vanadium. The addition of 10% lactose to a diet containing 100 p.p.m. vanadium increased the growth depression from 41% to 76.2% and caused 80% mortality. Chromium added to diets containing 100 and 200 p.p.m. vanadium improved the growth and reduced the mortality.
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PMID:The effect of diet on the toxicity of vanadium. 81 19

Diets of similar proximate analysis formulated with a base of sorghum forage and primarily supplemented with equivalent dry matter of 18.4% of aerobically digested municipal garbage (garbage diet) or 17.5% of cottonseed hulls (control diet) were ensiled for 52 days and then individually and group fed to 16 dairy heifers for 56 and 35 days. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract in garbage and control diets averaged 54.2 and 47.4, 50.0 and 41.3, 62.0 and 65.1, 53.1 and 42.3, and 61.8 and 54.5% as determined by chromium oxide technique. Potential advantages from digestibility of the garbage diet appeared to be nullified by a 12% depression of dry matter intake and a consequent deterioration of feed efficiency. Dry matter intakes of garbage and control diets during the 56-day comparison were 1.98 and 2.25% of body weight and daily gains of .42 and .57 kg required 13.9 and 11.8 kg dry matter per kilogram of gain. Over the 91 days of combined comparison feeding, the .62 kg of average daily gain from control diet was 32% above the .47 kg from the garbage diet.
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PMID:Ensiled diet containing processed municipal garbage and sorghum forage for heifers. 119 68

Nutritionally supporting the malnourished tumor bearing host may not benefit the disease outcome, but, rather, may preferentially "feed the cancer". We hypothesized that repletion is beneficial only when it augments an anti-tumor immune response. To support this hypothesis, 240 A/J mice were assigned to isocaloric dietary groups (24%, 5%, or 2.5% protein). On day 14 the mice received either immunogenic C1300- neuroblastoma (NB) or non-immunizing TBJ-NB. On day 21 half of the restricted animals were repleted with 24% protein chow. At day 35, chromium-release cell-mediated cytotoxicity was measured. In the group of mice that received 2.5% protein chow, nutritional repletion specifically augmented anti-tumor activity for C1300-NB which elicits a host immune response (33.78 L.U. (repleted) vs 3.47 L.U. (depleted) p less than 0.01), in contrast, nutritional repletion was detrimental for non-immunizing TBJ-NB, where further depression of cytotoxicity was seen (1.37 L.U. (repleted) vs 2.06 L.U. (depleted) 0 less than 0.01). This suggests that the influence of nutritional repletion in tumor nearing animals is dependent on the integrity of host's anti-tumor immunity.
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PMID:Influence of nutrition on anti-tumor activity. 187 54

To evaluate the role of severe liver damage on natural killer cell activity, 29 patients with liver cirrhosis were examined. The natural killer cell activity was measured with a 4-hr chromium release assay, and the K562 cell line was employed as target cells. The natural killer cell activity was significantly decreased in cirrhotic patients compared with normal controls and patients with chronic active hepatitis. Cirrhotic patients with Pugh's C grade of severity of liver disease had lower natural killer cell activity. The depression of natural killer cell activity in cirrhotic patients was inversely correlated with prothrombin time ratios, and the natural killer cell activity in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy was lower than in patients without hepatic encephalopathy. Thus, the diminished natural killer cell activity in cirrhotic patients might be related to the severity of liver damage.
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PMID:Natural killer cell activity in patients with liver cirrhosis relative to severity of liver damage. 199 65

The prostaglandin system is impaired in cholestasis; bile salts, which are a specific biochemical feature of this condition, have been shown to affect functional properties of cells and tissues, and, in some cases, their action is mediated through an alteration of prostaglandin pathway. Endothelium is a privileged site for the production and the action of arachidonate metabolites-prostacyclin in particular. To determine the effects of bile salts on the properties of vascular endothelium, cultured human endothelial cells were studied. Cholic acid sodium salt was seen to induce a direct injury on endothelial cells, as was demonstrated by a massive dismission of the intracellular radiolabel chromium 51. In the absence of detectable toxic effect, sodium taurocholate caused a significant depression of prostacyclin constitutive production from human endothelial cells. The action of sodium taurocholate was related to its concentration and to the time of exposure, and the alteration of prostacyclin production was found to be reversible. Conversely, the generation of thromboxane A2 was not influenced by this bile salt, which may suggest a specific action of sodium taurocholate on arachidonic acid metabolism. These findings indicate that bile salts may directly alter some functional properties of cultured human endothelial cells and may provide a basis for explaining some generalized manifestations that are observed in pathologic conditions characterized by cholemia.
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PMID:Sodium taurocholate affects prostacyclin constitutive production by cultured human vascular endothelial cells. 211 71

The number of strand breaks induced by the combination of chromate and glutathione (GSH) in PM2 DNA was effectively reduced upon addition of the hydroxyl radical scavengers dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), formate and benzoate. Administration of catalase also led to a depression of DNA degradation whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) had very little influence. Essentially the same results were obtained in experiments employing a chromium(V) complex Na4(GSH)4Cr.8H20, which is an intermediate chromium species isolated from the reduction of chromate by glutathione. DNA cleavage was dependent on the presence of iron (FeCl3). When compared with the number of breaks produced by FeCl3 and GSH alone, chromate stimulated the generation of single-strand breaks. These findings suggest that hydroxyl radicals are one ultimate DNA cleaving agent in both reactions. A reaction scheme for the production of hydroxyl radicals is proposed.
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PMID:The DNA cleavage induced by a chromium(V) complex and by chromate and glutathione is mediated by activated oxygen species. 221 25

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in combination with coal, asbestos, or metal particles was studied for its inhibitory effects on interferon-alpha/beta induction by influenza virus in rhesus monkey kidney (LLC-MK2) cell monolayers. B[a]P per se had no adverse effect on the induction process. However, when cell cultures were pretreated with B[a]P that was bioactivated by rat liver S9 homogenate, from 52 to 65% inhibition of interferon induction occurred. Significantly greater (P less than 0.05) depression (coinhibition) of viral interferon induction (greater than 83%) resulted when bioactivated B[a]P was incorporated with coal particles representative of coal rank (anthracite, bituminous, lignite, peat). Coinhibition affected by bioactivated B[a]P was coal rank-independent but any interferon inhibitory activity affected by coal particles per se was coal rank-dependent. When metals (aluminum, aluminum oxide, ferric oxide, nickel, or chromium) or asbestos fibers (chrysotile, crocidolite, anthophyllite, or amosite) were individually mixed with bioactivated B[a]P, coinhibition of cellular interferon synthesis also resulted which was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than that manifested by bioactivated B[a]P or particles per se. Coinhibition of interferon induction by silicates (Min-U-Sil, DQ-12, hypersthene, or wollastonite) and the bioactivated hydrocarbon was not in evidence although some silicates alone partially inhibited the induction process. Viral interferon induction was inhibited in a dose-response manner by B[a]P (+/- S9) in combination with selected particles. The adsorption of B[a]P to all types of particles was no more than 5.98 micrograms B[a]P/mg of particles and, moreover, less than 0.5% by weight. These findings provide further evidence that bioactivated B[a]P and occupation-related particles act together to coinhibit a biological defense mechanism, the interferon induction phase of the interferon system.
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PMID:Coinhibition of viral interferon induction by benzo[a]pyrene in association with occupation-related particles. 235 Nov 30


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