Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of a new complex oligosaccharide exhibiting potent inhibitory action on alpha-glucoside hydrolases on intestinal absorption of sucrose in man was tested by constant in vivo perfusion of the jejunum. At concentrations of 4.65 or 15.5 X 10(-6)M the alpha-glucosidehydrolase inhibitor (alpha-GHI) markedly inhibited absorption of glucose from sucrose and absorption of sodium and water. Oral administration of the alpha-GHI resulted as well in depression of solute, sodium, and water absorption. This new compound can serve as an interesting tool to induce carbohydrate malabsorption by inhibition of final digestion and may possibly be of beneficial therapeutic effect in dietary control of diabetes or obesity.
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PMID:Effect of alpha-glucosidehydrolase inhibition and intestinal absorption of sucrose, water, and sodium in man. 38 40

The clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) effects of sodium valproate were studied in four patients by means of serial 24-hour EEG recordings and simultaneous hourly determinations of serum drug concentrations. The patients all had frequent clinical seizures and generalized spike-wave discharges. Valproate appeared to reduce diurnal paroxysmal discharges (PD) and clinical seizures, but the effect on nocturnal PD was less marked. The extent and duration of the depression of PD and seizures varied. Altering the distribution of the total daily dose may change the pattern of clinical seizures and PD. Valproate concentrations fluctuated widely over 24 hours, and the significance of single estimations often cited in the literature appears dubious. Peak serum concentrations above 100 micrograms per milliliter may be necessary in some patients to achieve clinical and EEG improvement.
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PMID:Sodium valproate: serial monitoring of EEG and serum levels. 38 50

Surgically instrumented, pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were used to examine the acute cardiovascular activities of gentamicin, tobramycin, sodium penicillin-G, and sodium cephalothin during a control state and during experimental circulatory shock induced by E coli endotoxin. Intravenous administration of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg gentamicin or tobramycin resulted in a transient (5--20-minute) state of cardiovascular depression, as reflected by dose-related decreases of systemic blood pressure, cardiac output, left ventricular pressure, dP/dt max, left ventricular contractile force, and dF/dt max; heart rate was affected little. Endotoxin produced a persistent state of circulatory depression characterized by hypotension, decreased cardiac output, arterial acidemia, and reduced indices of cardiac function. During endotoxin shock, the cardiovascular effects of gentamicin and tobramycin were relatively more pronounced (sometimes more than doubled) than effects observed during the control state. Equally large doses of penicillin or cephalothin, however, had no discernible circulatory effects in either control dogs or dogs subjected to endotoxin shock. Present data indicate that the cardiovascular toxicities of the aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin and tobramycin were augmented during experimental circulatory shock, and suggest the need for specific hemodynamic surveillance when intravenous administration of cardioactive antibiotics is required in patients with pre-existing circulatory dysfunction.
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PMID:Cardiovascular manifestations of acute antibiotic toxicity during E coli endotoxin shock in anesthetized dogs. 39 80

The spatial distributions of superficial D.C. potentials on the skin of Rana esculenta have been compared to those of the intensity of short-circuit current (S.C.C.) expressing the transcutaneous active transport of sodium ions. It has been observed that the sites of maximum D.C. potentials coincide with the localisations of maximum S.C.C. values. Moreover, superficial D.C. potentials and S.C.C. are similarly modified by the depression of metabolic activity due to lowered temperature or poisoning by dinitrophenol (DNP). It is thus proposed that the spatial distribution of the transcutaneous active transport system for sodium ions is the origin of the electric generator of superficial D.C. potentials.
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PMID:[Origin of the differences of superficial potentials in Rana esculenta]. 40 57

In a group of ten male adults admitted to hospital with clinical symptoms of lead exposure, phenazone, elimination rates, blood delta-amino-laevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA.D) activity, blood lead levels and haemoglobin were measured. Investigations were carried out before, immediately after and again at least 12 weeks after cessation of CaEDTA (sodium calcium edetate) chelation therapy. Following chelation, phenazone elimination rates were increased as assessed by a decrease in half life and increase in clearance. This was significant, both immediately after and 12 weeks after cessation of chelation therapy. The change in rate of phenazone metabolism was associated with improved clinical status, with lowered blood lead levels and raised haemoglobin and ALA.D activity. The results of the study suggest that the depression in phenazone elimination in lead intoxication is possibly due to depressed hepatic cytochrome P450 levels.
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PMID:The effects of industrial lead poisoning on cytochrome P450 mediated phenazone (antipyrine) hydroxylation. 41 77

Thirty-four patients with cancer of the breast and 12 with cancer of the prostate were treated with testosterone and 32P-sodium phosphate for relief of pain from bony metastases. Thirty were treated with chemotherapy as well, and 34 were treated with external radiation to single ports for localized pain. Of the 46 patients treated, good results were achieved in 34, fair results in six, and no improvement in six. Subsequent marrow depression necessitated transfusion in 10 patients; no other side effect was observed.
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PMID:32P-sodium phosphate treatment of metastatic malignant disease. 42 5

Dantrolene sodium is a muscle relaxant used in the treatment of spasticity. It has been shown to interfere with calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and thus to inhibit excitation--contraction coupling. The effect of dantrolene sodium on the twitch tension of the tibialis anterior muscle of the rat was measured after 2 mg/kg i.v. or 25 mg/kg orally. Plasma concentrations were estimated at maximum twitch depression and during recovery from the block. In a separate series of experiments the half-life of labelled dantrolene sodium was measured in blood plasma, skeletal muscle and heart muscle of rats. Dantrolene sodium 2 mg/kg i.v. gave a maximal block of approximately 47%, the mean dantrolene sodium concentration was then 5.8 microgram/ml. A half-life for distribution of 1.1 min and an elimination half-life of 31 min after intravenous administration were observed, elimination rate constants in skeletal and heart muscle were comparable. Recovery from the block went much slower, the half-time of the process being approximately 80 min. Dantrolene sodium 25 mg/kg orally gave a maximal block of approximately 38% at a mean plasma concentration of 3.6 microgram/ml after 14 min. The recovery was again very slow. These experiments demonstrated that dantrolene sodium acts according to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. There was a discrepancy between duration of effect and plasma concentration of dantrolene sodium in the rat. This suggests that the receptor for dantrolene sodium is not located in the central compartment.
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PMID:The effect of dantrolene sodium on rat skeletal muscle in relation to the plasma concentration. 42 31

The acute toxicity of sodium fosfomycin (FOM-Na), a new antibiotic in ICR mice and Wistar rats has been investigated. The LD50 values in mice were: 1,230 (male), 1,225 (female) mg/kg by i.v.; 2,175 (m), 2,467 (f) mg/kg by i.p.; 2,625 (m), 2,662 (f) mg/kg by i.m.; 5,100 (m), 6,150 (f) mg/kg by s.c. and 8,020 (m), 7,300 (f) mg/kg by p.o. The LD50 values in rats were: 1,650 (m), 1,560 (f) mg/kg by i.v.; 2,060 (m), 2,000 (f) mg/kg by i.p.; 2,630 (m), 2,460 (f) mg/kg by i.m.; 5,100 (m), 4,320 (f) mg/kg by s.c. and 4,700 (m), 4,550 (f) mg/kg by p.o. Animals dosed only i.v. died within 2 minutes. Signs of toxicity in mice or rats given FOM-Na were similar and included motor activity depression, reduced respiration and occasionally tremors. Surviving mice or rats given FOM-Na developed no pathological changes of the drug specificity.
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PMID:[Toxicological studies on fosfomycin-Na salt. I. Acute toxicity in mice and rats (author's transl)]. 42 68

The guinea pig is notoriously difficult to anesthetize with conventional agents. Cardiorespiratory depression by general depressant anesthetic agents can render the cochlea abnormal. I report a technique that uses the specific neuroleptic and analgesia properties of the agents droperidol and phenoperidine, respectively, in combination with small doses of pentobarbital sodium, which is required only to produce unconsciousness. These agents can be given intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, or intravenously. The regimen allows performance of substantial surgery (including intracranial) and long-term (minimum, six to ten hours) physiological studies, such as those on the cochlea, with excellent cardiorespiratory stability. The method has been in continuous use in this laboratory since 1974 for single-fiber recordings from the cochlear nerve of normal and kanamycin-treated guinea pigs. This method has proved to be substantially more effective than use of pentobarbital, thiopental sodium, urethan, chloralose, or ketamine alone.
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PMID:Neuroleptanesthesia for the guinea pig. An ideal anesthetic procedure for long-term physiological studies of the cochlea. 42 4

Thirty-four patients with cancer of the breast and 12 with cancer of the prostate were treated with testosterone and 32P-sodium phosphate for relief of pain from bony metastases. Thirty received chemotherapy as well, and 34 received external radiation to single ports for localized pain. Of the 46 patients, 34 had good results, 6 fair, and 6 were failures. Ten patients needed transfusion for marrow depression; no other side effect was observed.
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PMID:32P-sodium phosphate treatment of metastatic malignant disease. 42 68


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