Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The anterior cingulate cortex (AC) is consistently implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. While suicide has been shown in previous reports to be closely related to depression, it is still a distinct phenomenon. The aim to differentiate between depression and suicide was approached by the karyometric analysis of AC pyramidal neurons. The study was performed on paraffin-embedded brains from 20 depressive patients (10 of whom had committed suicide) and 24 matched controls. The karyometric parameters of the layer III and V pyramidal neurons of the dorsal and ventral AC were evaluated bilaterally by Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organiser (AgNOR) silver staining method. Control-specific was the increased nuclear area in ontogenetically younger pyramidal neurons layer III in the left dorsal compared with ventral AC (Wilcoxon test, P<0.01). The decreased AgNOR number per nucleus in these cells in the right ventral AC was depression-specific compared with controls (t-test, P=0.047). On the other hand, the diffuse decrease in AgNOR ratio throughout pyramidal neurons on the left side was specific for suicidal depressive patients compared with non-suicidal patients and controls (ANOVA, P=0.028). The results suggest that regionally differentiated depression- and suicide-specific disturbed function of the most important AC output cells exists in depressive patients.
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PMID:The changes of AgNOR parameters of anterior cingulate pyramidal neurons are region-specific in suicidal and non-suicidal depressive patients. 1785 58

This study was undertaken to describe clinical, mycological and histopathological findings in black neck ostriches affected with severe aspergillosis in a flock including 80 birds, near Tehran, Iran. The signs included anorexia, depression, notable weight loss, diarrhoea, severe respiratory distress and death. Grossly, the lungs showed numerous white to yellow caseous nodules and the walls of the thoracic and abdominal air sacs were thickened with inflammatory exudates containing cellular debris, necrotic masses and green mold colonies. Multiple nodules were observed in the liver, spleen and gastrointestinal tract as well. Histopathologically, there were conidial heads and fungal hyphae in the air sacs and multifocal necrotic and granulomatous lesions with septated and dichotomously branched hyphae in various tissues, which were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Grocott's methenamine silver nitrate. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated in various tissues taken from affected ostriches.
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PMID:Outbreak of severe disseminated aspergillosis in a flock of ostrich (Struthio camelus). 1842 19

A case of central nervous system protothecosis in a dog is reported. A three-year-old male Maremma sheepdog was referred with a two month history of diarrhoea associated with progressive tetraparesis, depression and right circling. Stupor, severe proprioceptive deficits, bilateral decreased thoracic limb flexor reflexes and bilateral deficit of the menace reaction were detected on neurological examination and a multi-focal neurological localisation was suspected. Histopathological evaluation revealed multi-focal granulomatous foci in the thalamus, hippocampus and caudal brainstem containing numerous oval-rounded organisms with a thick, periodic acid-Schiff-positive and Gomori's methenamine silver-positive cell wall, a basophilic cytoplasm and one nucleus. Scattered sporangia containing two to four endospores were also observed. Morphological features were consistent with Prototheca species. Ultrastructurally, numerous degenerated algae were present within macrophages mainly lacking nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. Generally, protothecosis in dogs is characterised by systemic signs because of a multi-organ involvement, and haemorrhagic colitis or ophthalmologic signs are the most frequent presenting signs. However, protothecosis should be added, also in Europe, to the list of the differential diagnoses in adult dogs with a multi-focal neurological localisation even in absence of other clinical signs.
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PMID:Protothecal granulomatous meningoencephalitis in a dog. 1863 Dec 24

The aim of the study was to assess whether the baseline risk of psychiatric and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus differs between those starting to use antiobesity drugs and those not starting to use these drugs. A retrospective nested case-control study within the General Practice Research Database (1987-2002) was done. The cohort included all patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 141,164). Information on patient characteristics (general, cardiovascular, and psychiatric characteristics) was extracted from the medical records. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A total of 511 patients starting to use antiobesity drugs (cases) and 3,065 controls were included in the study cohort. Starters were younger and more frequently female. Of the starters, 91.8% did not receive any dietary advice before starting treatment. Depression (in the year before index date) was associated with the use of antiobesity drugs (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.7-2.8), as was anxiety (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.4). Of the cases, 25.2% had multiple cardiovascular risk factors (>4) compared to 19.0% of the controls. The baseline risk for psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular disease was found to be higher in patients with diabetes mellitus starting to use antiobesity drugs compared to patients with diabetes mellitus not starting such treatment.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008 Oct
PMID:Psychiatric and cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with diabetes mellitus starting antiobesity drugs. 1871 29

Levels of the obese gene product leptin are often elevated in obesity and may contribute to obesity-induced cardiovascular complications. However, the role of leptin in obesity-associated cardiac abnormalities has not been clearly defined. This study was designed to determine the influence of high-fat diet-induced obesity on cardiac contractile response of leptin. Mechanical and intracellular Ca(2+) properties were evaluated using an IonOptix system in cardiomyocytes from adult rats fed low- and high-fat diets for 12 weeks. Cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca(2+) properties were examined including peak shortening, duration and maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (TPS/TR(90), +/-dl/dt), Fura-2-fluorescence intensity change (DeltaFFI), and intracellular Ca(2+) decay rate (tau). Expression of the leptin receptor (Ob-R) was evaluated by western blot analysis. High-fat diet increased systolic blood pressure and plasma leptin levels. PS and +/-dl/dt were depressed whereas TPS and TR(90) were prolonged after high-fat diet feeding. Leptin elicited a concentration-dependent (0-1,000 nmol/l) inhibition of PS, +/-dl/dt, and DeltaFFI in low-fat but not high-fat diet-fed rat cardiomyocytes without affecting TPS and TR(90). The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor AG490, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580, and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME abrogated leptin-induced cardiomyocyte contractile response in low-fat diet group without affecting the high-fat diet group. High-fat diet significantly downregulated cardiac expression of Ob-R. Elevation of extracellular Ca(2+) concentration nullified obesity-induced cardiomyocyte mechanical dysfunction and leptin-induced depression in PS. These data indicate presence of cardiac leptin resistance in diet-induced obesity possibly associated with impaired leptin receptor signaling.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008 Nov
PMID:High-fat diet-induced obesity leads to resistance to leptin-induced cardiomyocyte contractile response. 1871 78

Cross-sectional studies suggest an association between BMI and pain. This prospective study investigated the associations of measured BMI and waist circumference with prevalent and incident pain in older adults. The study included participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, aged 55-85 years at baseline (1992-1993). Pain was assessed using a subscale of the Nottingham Health Profile at baseline (N = 2,000), after 3 years (N = 1,478) and 6 years (N = 1,271) of follow-up. The overall prevalence of pain was 32.7% at baseline and increased significantly with higher quartiles of BMI or waist circumference. After adjustment for age, education, depression, smoking, physical activity, and chronic diseases, multiple logistic regression analyses showed odds ratios (ORs (95% confidence interval)) for prevalent pain of 2.16 (1.32-3.54) in men and 1.93 (1.26-2.95) in women comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of BMI. Of the participants without pain at baseline, those in the highest quartile of BMI had a twofold increased odds for incident pain after 3 years of follow-up. After 6 years of follow-up, ORs for incident pain were 2.34 (1.17-4.72) in men and 2.78 (1.36-5.70) in women. Additional adjustment for weight change did not change these associations. Similar results were found for the associations between waist circumference and pain. Exploring the reversed causal relation, analyses showed no significant associations between prevalent pain and weight gain. In conclusion, the prevalence of pain is higher among obese older men and women compared to their normal-weight peers. Furthermore, obese older adults are at increased odds to develop pain.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008 Nov
PMID:Obesity in older adults is associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of pain. 1878 27

A method has been developed for the determination of bismuth by generation of its gaseous hydride and introduction of the hydride into a premixed argon (entrained air)-hydrogen flame, the atomic-fluorescence lines from which are all detected by use of a non-dispersive system. The detection limit is 5 pg/ml, or 0.1 ng of bismuth, but the reagent blank found in a 20-ml sample volume was approximately 2 ng of bismuth. Analytical working curves obtained by measuring peak-heights and integrated peak-areas of the signals are linear over a range of about four orders of magnitude from the detection limit. Perchloric, phosphoric and sulphuric acids up to 2.0M concentration give no interference, but nitric acid gives slight depression of the signal. The presence of silver, gold, nickel, palladium, platinum, selenium and tellurium in 1000-fold ratio to bismuth causes pronounced depression of the signal, whereas mercury and tin slightly enhance the atomic-fluorescence signal. The method has been applied to the determination of bismuth in aluminium-base alloys and sulphide ores with use of the standard additions method. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by flame atomic-absorption spectrometry and optical emission spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma.
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PMID:Non-dispersive atomic-fluorescence spectrometry of trace amounts of bismuth by introduction of its gaseous hydride into a premixed argon (entrained air)-hydrogen flame. 1896 49

The popularity of bariatric surgery has increased the focus on the psychological aspects of extreme obesity. Although a growing literature has documented the psychosocial burden associated with extreme obesity, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the experience of weight-related stigmatization among extremely obese individuals. The present study investigated self-reported experiences of weight-related stigmatization, weight-related quality of life, and depressive symptoms among 117 extremely obese individuals (BMI = 48.2 +/- 7.5 kg/m2) who presented for bariatric surgery at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. In general, these individuals reported infrequent weight-related stigma, which was unrelated to BMI. Some specific forms of stigmatization, however, appear to be related to body size. The occurrence of stigmatization was associated with poorer weight-related quality of life and greater symptoms of depression.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008 Nov
PMID:Self-reported stigmatization among candidates for bariatric surgery. 2034 2

Pregnancy is a critical time window for evaluating weight gain on subsequent risk for obesity among women of childbearing age. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and fetal health locus of control (FHLC) beliefs were significant risk factors for adequacy of gestational weight gain (GWG) when maternal sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviors were considered. A total of 1,605 women were prospectively followed from < or =20 weeks' gestation through delivery. Participants completed standard self-report questionnaires. Adequacy of GWG was expressed as the ratio of observed/expected weight gain based on Institute of Medicine recommendations. Multivariate ANOVA models were conducted and generalized linear models were performed to calculate risk ratios. Higher depressive symptoms reported throughout pregnancy were significantly associated with higher adequacy ratios. Stronger beliefs in chance in determining fetal health predicted inadequate relative to adequate GWG and was positively associated with larger GWG ratios overall. Several relationships were attenuated when adjusted for covariates. The relationship between psychosocial status and adequacy of GWG is significantly impacted by maternal sociodemographic factors and health practices engaged in during pregnancy. Women who tend to believe that external factors primarily determine fetal health appear to be more vulnerable to nonadherence to clinical GWG guidelines. These results have important implications for targeting prevention and intervention efforts for improving maternal and fetal outcomes secondary to GWG patterns.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009 Feb
PMID:Psychosocial determinants of adequacy of gestational weight gain. 1900 71

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects approximately 2.9-4.7% of US adults. Studies have revealed high rates of ADHD (26-61%) in patients seeking weight loss treatment suggesting an association between ADHD and obesity. The objective of the present study was to test the association between ADHD and overweight and obesity in the US population. Cross-sectional data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys were used. Participants were 6,735 US residents (63.9% white; 51.6% female) aged 18-44 years. A retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD and a self-report assessment of adult ADHD were administered. Diagnosis was defined by three categories: never met diagnostic criteria, met full childhood criteria with no current symptoms, and met full childhood criteria with current symptoms. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 33.9 and 29.4%, respectively, among adults with ADHD, and 28.8 and 21.6%, respectively, among persons with no history of ADHD. Adult ADHD was associated with greater likelihood of overweight, (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05, 2.38) and obesity (OR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.14, 2.64). Results were similar when adjusting for demographic characteristics and depression. Mediation analyses suggest that binge eating disorder (BED), but not depression, partially mediates the associations between ADHD and both overweight and obesity. Results suggest that adult ADHD is associated with overweight and obesity.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009 Mar
PMID:Association between adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity in the US population. 1913 44


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