Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A review of electrocardiograms from 33 patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was made. In 22 patients there was noted a high QRS voltage, depression of the ST segment, and inversion of the T wave, satisfying the diagnostic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy with the abnormal changes not only extending to the midprecordial leads but showing the most striking abnormal changes in Lead V4 in 20 patients. The frontal plane electrical axis was normal (around 60 degrees), with the most remarkable changes in Lead II. In the VCG, the magnitude of the QRS loop was increased and directed anteriorly and to the left, and the T loop was deviated posteriorly and to the right opposite the QRS loop. The asymmetric septal and apical hypertrophy was noted on echocardiography and/or angiocardiography. The coronary arteries were normal without significant obstruction in selective coronary angiography. It was postulated that the asymmetric septal and apical hypertrophy was reflected in this ECG pattern. The recognition of this ECG pattern provides pertinent information in the clinical detection of nonobstructive HCM.
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PMID:ECG pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy in nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the significance of the mid-precordial changes. 15 93

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of ST-segment depression during anesthesia and operation. Graded exercise testing has demonstrated a high correlation between ST-segment depression and myocardial ischemia. Therefore, 11 patients without and 29 patients with known coronary-artery disease were monitored during surgical procedures with a commercially available exercise electrocardiographic monitor (Viagraph). Comparisons were made between this device, which monitored lead V5, and the standard operating room monitor, which monitored lead 11. Eleven of 29 patients in the disease group demonstrated significant ST depression. Nine of the 11 ischemic episodes were not recognized on the standard operating room monitor. Retrospective review of anesthetic records of those 11 patients with ST-segment depression revealed rate--pressure product values greater than 11,000 for ten of them. Postoperatively, three of the 11 patients with significant ST-segment depression had changing electrocardiograms compatible with ischemia. None of the control group demonstrated significant ST-segment depression. The incidence of ischemia was 38 per cent during anesthesia and operation in the coronary-artery-disease group. Lead V5 analysis is superior to lead 11 analysis in detecting ST-segment depression. The period in which intubation is performed is one of the highest-risk intervals during anesthesia and operation, particularly when it is associated with an increased rate--pressure product.
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PMID:Myocardial ischemia during non-cardiac surgical procedures in patients with coronary-artery disease. 49 52

1 Pretreatment of rats with intraperitoneal injections of lead was shown to result in a depression of the microsomal mixed function oxidase system, as assessed by a decrease in hepatic microsomal P-450 and b5 content and by a decrease in the activity of the enzymes aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase. Lead had a more marked effect on cytochrome P-450 than b5. 2 The activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of haem biosynthesis, delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthase, was inversely correlated with the microsomal cytochrome P-450 content. 3 The activity of the haem biosynthetic enzymes delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase were decreased by increasing lead pretreatment. 4 The activity of the haem catabolic enzyme, haem oxygenase, was increased by lead pretreatment.
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PMID:Hepatic drug metabolism and haem biosynthesis in lead-poisoned rats. 65 97

X-ray motion pictures and electromyography were combined to record tongue movement and tongue muscle activity of a normal speaker during /s/ production. The /s/ was in /i/, /alpha/, and /u/ vowel environments and in two and three consonant clusters. Lead pellets attached to the tongue tip and dorsum were tracked by frame-by-frame analysis of the X-ray film. Recordings from the tongue muscles were graphed and compared with the movement data. Results demonstrate that this subject produces /s/ with the tongue tip down behind the lower incisors and the blade elevated toward the alveolar ridge. EMG data from the tongue shows that the tongue tip depression is not passive but is an active part of the motor strategy used by this subject to elevate the tongue body. These findings suggest that speech pathologists might well include the tip-down strategy of /s/ production in the therapeutic process as an alternative to the tip-up /s/.
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PMID:On the production of low tongue tip /s/: a case report. 73 Aug 34

1. The activities of six of the enzymes of haem biosynthesis have been assayed in peripheral blood from patients with lead poisoning, acute intermittent porphyria or hereditary coproprophyria. 2. Compared with normal subjects the lead-poisoned subjects had highly significant depression of delta-aminolaevulinate dehydratase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase. 3. Lead-poisoned subjects had highly significant elevation of delta-aminolaevulinate synthase activity. 4. delta-Aminolaevulinate synthase activity was inversely related to the haemoglobin concentration. 5. Increased delta-aminolaevulinate synthase and decreased delta-aminolaevulinate dehydratase activity are also found in acute intermittent porphyria. 6. Increased delta-aminolaevulinate synthase, normal prophobilinogen deaminase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase and decreased coproporphyrinogen oxidase are found in both lead poisoning and hereditary coproporphyria. 7. These enzyme changes explain the recognized patterns of porphyrins and prophyrin precurosrs in blood and urine in these conditions.
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PMID:Alterations in the activity of enzymes of haem biosynthesis in lead poisoning and acute hepatic prophyria. 91 57

Defective potassium excretion with clinical acidosis, associated with fixed moderate sodium wasting, has been found to be a common abnormality in lead nephropathy. Lead poisoning has been shown by others to be associated with depression of the renin-aldosterone system and of sodium and potassium activated adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase). Since these hormonal defects may contribute to the hyperkalemia and are reversible, lead poisoning should be treated aggressively. Management also requires proper regulation of dietary sodium, correction of acidosis, limitation of dietary potassium, and minimal use of antihypertensive agents, as well as the administration of allopurinal for urate control.
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PMID:Hyperkalemia and acidosis in lead nephropathy. 94 Oct 56

Electrocardiographic mimicry necessitates differentiation between acute pericarditis and early repolarization. Among 96 persons, limb-lead RST deviations occurred in all 48 with pericarditis, but only 27 with early repolarization. RS-T vectors (A RS-T) in pericarditis tended to be horizontal (25 patients) and left of the T vector, A T (28 patients); in early repolarization, A RS-T was vertical in 15 subjects and right of A T (20 subjects); P less than or equal to 0.01. RS-T depression in Lead V1 was more common in pericarditis (14 vs. two); isoelectric RS-T in Lead V6 was more common in early repolarization (10 vs. one); P less than or equal to 0.01. PR segment deviations occurred in both limb and precordial leads in pericarditis; in early repolarization they were confined to either lead group. Thus, R-ST deviations in both limb and precordial leads with horizontal A RS-T to left of A T and RS-T depression in Lead V1 favor pericarditis; vertical A RS-T and isoelectric RS-T in Lead V6 favor early repolarization.
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PMID:Differential characteristics of the electrocardiogram in early repolarization and acute pericarditis. 95 Sep 58

The major goal of this descriptive study with repeated measures was to better understand the pain and psychological distress of patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). A second goal was to gain insight into potential treatment strategies by examining the pattern of locus of control and coping strategies used by the subjects. The sample was composed of 17 people (12 men and 5 women) diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and pretreated with high-dose chemotherapy prior to ABMT. Data collection instruments were the Pain-O-Meter (POM) (Gaston-Johansson, Omaha, NE), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), and the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (CSQ). The instruments were administered two days prior to the ABMT and 5, 10, and 20 days following the ABMT. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an ANOVA for repeated measures. The study showed that the patients experienced a low-grade, persistent pain that was multifocally located. Mild to moderate anxiety and depression were present throughout the hospitalization. The patients used inadequate coping strategies and reported that they had little ability to control or decrease their pain. These findings indicate a need for clinicians to develop treatment strategies to deal with pain and psychological distress experienced by patients undergoing ABMT.
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PMID:Pain and psychological distress in patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation. 153 87

Multiple lead systems are shown to have a higher sensitivity than that of single leads for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) during exercise testing, but the value of ST-segment depression isolated to the inferior leads is questionable. To ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of inferior limb lead II compared with that of precordial lead V5, a retrospective analysis of 173 men was performed (108 in a training population and 65 in a validation cohort). All patients had a standard exercise test and underwent diagnostic coronary angiography within 15 days of the exercise test (range 1 to 65). Sixty-three patients had greater than or equal to 1 coronary stenoses greater than or equal to 70%, or left main lesion greater than or equal to 50%, whereas 45 patients in the training population did not. Exclusion criteria were female sex, left ventricular hypertrophy, left bundle branch block or resting ST-segment depression on the baseline electrocardiogram, previous myocardial infarction or revascularization procedures, and any significant valvular or congenital heart disease. Lead V5 had a better combination of sensitivity (65%) and specificity (84%) (chi-square = 24.11; p less than 0.001) than that of lead II (sensitivity 71%, specificity 44%) (chi-square = 2.25; p = 0.13) at a single cut point, and this improved specificity was substantial (95% confidence interval for observed difference 22 to 58%). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis also revealed that lead V5 (area = 0.759) was markedly superior to lead II (area = 0.582) over multiple cut points (z = 3.032; 2p = 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Usefulness of exercise-induced ST-segment depression in the inferior leads during exercise testing as a marker for coronary artery disease. 173 39

In vivo assessment of toxicant action on Leydig cell function is subject to homeostatic mechanisms which make it difficult to determine whether any changes seen in serum testosterone (T) concentration are due to extragonadal endocrine alterations or to a direct effect on the Leydig cell. For example, metal cations administered in vivo have been shown to depress serum T concentration and alter serum concentrations of pituitary hormones in laboratory animals. The studies reported here use a testicular cell culture technique to evaluate Leydig cell testosterone biosynthesis in the presence of several metal cations. To determine the site of toxic action, the Leydig cells were stimulated to produce testosterone by using human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), dibutyl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP), or several substrates required for the biosynthesis of testosterone. hCG was chosen because resultant T production requires an intact membrane receptor and db-cAMP was used to test for post LH receptor defects caused by the metals. The other substrates were chosen to isolate the effect of metals on enzymatic pathways. Collagenase dispersed testicular cells (15% Leydig cells) were incubated with metal cations (1 to 5000 microM) for 3 hr in the absence and presence of maximally stimulating concentrations of hCG, db-cAMP, 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol (HCHOL), or pregnenolone (PREG), and T concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. In one separate experiment we also tested the effect of the substrates progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone, and androstenedione on Cd2(+)-treated Leydig cells. The results show no change in Leydig cell viability with any metal cation treatment during the 3-hr incubation. Ca2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Na+, or Pb2+ had no effect on stimulated testosterone. Dose-response depression in both hCG- and db-cAMP-stimulated T production were seen with Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ treatment. Surprisingly, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+, which caused a depression in hCG- and db-cAMP-stimulated T production, caused significant increases in HCHOL- and PREG-stimulated T production over untreated and similarly stimulated cultures. This indicates that these cations may act at multiple sites within the Leydig cell.
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PMID:Effect of cadmium and other metal cations on in vitro Leydig cell testosterone production. 185 Jan 71


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