Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ochratoxin A (OCT A) has the potential to cause myelotoxicity in addition to the well-known toxic effects on the liver and kidney. Whereas in previous studies the bone marrow parameters were examined shortly after injection, experiments reported here were designed to determine whether mice would recover from the myelotoxic effects induced to OCT A injection and secondly whether mice previously injected to OCT A would be more sensitive to radiation-induced myelotoxicity than vehicle controls. Six-week old female B6C3F1 mice were injected intraperitoneally on alternate days over a week with a total dose of 20 or 40 mg/kg of OCT A and bone marrow parameters monitored for up to 16 weeks. Controls received vehicle alone. There was a suppression of marrow granulocyte macrophage progenitors (CFU-C) in OCT A-treated animals which returned to normal values by 2 weeks (20 mg/kg group) or by 5 weeks (40 mg/kg group) following the last treatment. Some of the OCT A-treated mice were additionally irradiated with 200 rads of whole body irradiation (WBI) at 10 and 52 days following OCT A injections. Irradiation caused a significant reduction in CFU-Cs in all mice but the effects were more pronounced in the mice that had received OCT A previously. The bone marrow parameters of 40 mg/kg OCT A-treated mice returned to normal by 6 weeks after first WBI. A second WBI produced similar depression in CFU-Cs with again a delayed 8 weeks recovery as compared to controls in both dose groups of OCT A-treated mice. The delayed recovery in bone marrow progenitors was also reflected in lower peripheral white blood counts after the second irradiation in 40 mg/kg OCT A-treated mice as compared to the untreated irradiated controls. This indicated that residual bone marrow effect of OCT A makes the mice more sensitive to subsequent irradiation induced injury.
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PMID:Residual hematopoietic effect in mice exposed to ochratoxin A prior to irradiation. 305 80

Activity of some enzymes (GOT, GPT, OCT, AP, GGTP, HE) was studied in a group of 74 workers, exposed to professional chronic combined pesticide effects. Enzyme changes were followed up depending on exposure. There was a statistically significant increase in GOT, GPT and OCT activities and decrease in HE. Paralleling this, an insignificant depression of AP and GGTP in comparison with the control group was observed. The relationship between these enzyme changes and liver function are discussed. Implication of toxic factor in the development of these changes is suggested.
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PMID:[Enzymatic changes in chronic pesticide exposure]. 744 53

Optic disc pit (ODP) can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital ODP is typically unilateral, and the visual acuity and visual field are normal unless associated with macular serous detachment, which occurs in about 25-75% of cases. Acquired ODP is known as an important risk factor for progressive visual field loss in glaucoma. The fundus finding of congenital ODP includes oval depression involving the optic disc, with or without macular serous detachment. We used third-generation Stratus optical coherence tomography (Straus OCT) to investigate the possible pathogenesis of ODP associated with maculopathy and to monitor the anatomic changes before and after treatment.
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PMID:Stratus optical coherence tomography for evaluating optic disc pits associated with maculopathy before and after vitrectomy: two case reports. 1679 58

We present a case in which mfERG and OCT helped to make a diagnosis of an old BRAO in the setting of compound heterozygous MTHFR genotype. A 44-year-old woman presented for evaluation of a 10 month history of persistently cloudy vision OS. She had been worked up previously for MS versus BRAO, and she was on coumadin, folate, and multivitamin at the time of presentation. The patient has a fraternal twin sister who was diagnosed with MS. Dilated fundus examination OS showed subtle inferior optic atrophy with slight narrowing of the inferotemporal retinal artery, and HVF test revealed a superonasal depression OS. mfERG also showed superonasal depression OS. Retinal origin of the chief complaint was further confirmed by OCT, which showed thinning of the NFL in the corresponding region of the retina OS. Coagulopathy evaluation revealed C677T/A1298C compound heterozygous genotype for MTHFR, and plasma homocysteine level after 6 months of folate and multivitamin supplementation was 10 microM (reference range 4-10 microM). The patient was diagnosed with BRAO and maintained on coumadin therapy.
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PMID:Branch retinal artery occlusion associated with compound heterozygous genotype for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. 1735 7

Microphthalmos is a developmental ocular disorder defined as a small eyeball. The condition can be associated with abnormalities of anterior and posterior segments. The most common anterior characteristics include corneal opacities, angle-closure and a shallow anterior chamber and cataract. The main findings of posterior segment are uveal effusion, retinal folds, abnormalities of macular capillar vascularization, absence of foveal depression and peripheral retinoschisis. Three patients with microphthalmos were assisted and their OCT features of posterior segment were analyzed. The first case had uveal effusion syndrome, choroidal and retinal detachment treated with parcial sclerectomy at the four quadrants. The other case presented with neurosensory retinal fold at fovea and papillomacular area in both eyes without involvement of retinal pigment epithelium layer and choriocapillaris. The third patient showed absence of foveal depression. The main diferencial diagnosis for this condition is foveal hypoplasia.
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PMID:[Posterior segment changes in microphthalmic eyes: case report]. 2002 13

The aim of this case report is to represent our experience with intravitreal application of ranibizumab in a patient with post-inflammatory neovascular membrane. Patient, a 46 years old male, complained about 3 months lasting metamorphopsia in the left eye. The classic post-inflammatory neovascular membrane was diagnosed by means of fluorescein angiography. The initial BCVA of the left eye was 4/6 (or 0.67). Two intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg ranibizumab each were applied. After two applications, the BCVA was 4/4 (or 1.0), there was no biomicroscopically detectable edema, and the OCT revealed reestablished foveolar depression. This condition remains stable even after 10 months after beginning of the treatment. The anti-VEGF treatment represents another possibility of the treatment of post-inflammatory neovascular membranes.
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PMID:[The use of intravitreal ranibizumab application in the treatment of post-inflammatory neovascular membranes--a case report]. 2092 44

Point mutations at m.8993T>C and m.8993T>G of the mtDNA ATPase 6 gene cause the neurogenic weakness, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) syndrome, a mitochondrial disorder characterized by retinal, central and peripheral neurodegeneration. We performed detailed neurological, neuropsychological and ophthalmological phenotyping of a mother and four daughters with NARP syndrome from the mtDNA m.8993T>C ATPase 6 mutation, including 3-T brain MRI, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO), electromyography and nerve conduction studies (EMG-NCS) and formal neuropsychological testing. The degree of mutant heteroplasmy for the m.8993T>C mutation was evaluated by real-time allele refractory mutation system quantitative PCR of mtDNA from hair bulbs (ectoderm) and blood leukocytes (mesoderm). There were marked phenotypic differences between family members, even between individuals with the greatest degrees of ectodermal and mesodermal heteroplasmy. 3-T MRI revealed cerebellar atrophy and cystic and cavitary T2 hyperintensities in the basal ganglia. SD-OCT demonstrated similarly heterogeneous areas of neuronal and axonal loss in inner and outer retinal layers. AOSLO showed increased cone spacing due to photoreceptor loss. EMG-NCS revealed varying degrees of length-dependent sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy. On formal neuropsychological testing, there were varying deficits in processing speed, visual-spatial functioning and verbal fluency and high rates of severe depression. Many of these cognitive deficits likely localize to cerebellar and/or basal ganglia dysfunction. High-resolution retinal and brain imaging in NARP syndrome revealed analogous patterns of tissue injury characterized by heterogeneous areas of neuronal loss.
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PMID:Heterogeneous patterns of tissue injury in NARP syndrome. 2095 93

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique is which the evidence has been confirming its efficacy. Repetitive stimulation (rTMS) of the left prefrontal dorsolateral (LPFDL) area with frequencies between 10 and 20 Hz has been shown to be effective in major depression. This article presents the prospective analysis of the treatments performed using TMS on LPFDL at 20 Hz with an intensity of 70% in a protocol of 10 sessions on 107 patients (41 male and 61 female) due to drug treatment resistant depressive symptoms in different conditions. The patients had previously undergone two psychopharmacological attempts with adequate dosage and time, who had been considered candidates for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) if they did not respond to any conventional treatment. A total of 62.7% had mood disorder, 13.1% obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCT), 7.5% cognitive disorders, 4.7% personality disorders and 3.7% were psychiatric disorders. Mean age of the group was 49.98 years (SD = 17.09). The global results showed that the TMS provided some degree of improvement in 48.6%, although only half, that is 24.3%, maintained it beyond week 12. Efficacy by diagnoses showed a significant difference in favor of affective disorders. In the case of bipolar disorders in the depressive phase, there was improvement in 88.9%, which was maintained in 66.7% of the patients treated. No differences in efficacy were found within each one of the groups diagnosed based on gender, age or presence of personality disorders. The efficacy of the ECT was similar to the TMS in the group in which it had to be applied in comparison with the general group. New studies are proposed with the inclusion of the TMS for resistant-depression treatment protocols in a step prior to the ECT and even before all the drug treatments had been attempted, combining it with them for their potentiation.
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PMID:Efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in depression: naturalistic study. 2097 37

A 75-year-old woman developed acute-onset endophthalmitis following phacoemulsification in the left eye. She was treated with intravitreal injections of vancomycin, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. The patient had persistent visual loss in the left eye after treatment. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 2/200 in the left eye and examination revealed a pale disc, retinal hemorrhages, and multiple nerve fiber layer infarcts. Fluorescein angiography showed retinal vascular non-perfusion in the macula. On spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), there was diffuse retinal thinning, absence of the foveal depression, and increased reflectivity of the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers, but with an intact inner segment/outer segment junction. This case demonstrates SD-OCT features in macular infarction following intravitreal gentamicin, specifically changes involving the inner retina with a relatively intact outer retina.
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PMID:Intravitreal gentamicin-induced macular infarction: SD-OCT features. 2180 55

Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. Most people with PD are idiopathic, with no specific known cause. Recently, several studies have indicated small proportion of PD cases may result from a mutation in some specific genes. However, the involved pathways of these genes and the co-expression patterns of associated pathways still remain unclear. Here, we aimed to systematically investigate PD related pathways by using microarray dataset GSE7621 from the public database library of gene expression omnibus and gene set enrichment analysis on the datasets. Furthermore, candidate transcription factors were also explored by distant regulatory elements software. As a result, 11 up-regulated pathways (such as glycosaminoglycan degradation) and 24 down-regulated pathways (such as ErbB signaling pathway and Long-term depression) were identified as PD related. Most of them were classified into the maps of human diseases, organismal system, and metabolism with no previous reports. Finally, we constructed co-expression networks of related pathways with the significant core genes and transcription factors, such as OCT and HNF3. All of these may be helpful to better understand the molecular mechanisms of human PD in genome wide.
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PMID:Identification of key pathways and transcription factors related to Parkinson disease in genome wide. 2307 23


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