Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chemical antagonists were used to assess the role of beta-endorphin and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in canine endotoxin shock. Fifteen awake dogs were given Escherichia coli endotoxin IV. Within 5 min, CO decreased to 28%, LV dP/dt to 46%, and MAP to 52% baseline. Fifteen minutes after endotoxin, five dogs each received naloxone, AVP antagonist, or no treatment. Control (untreated) animals exhibited persistent cardiovascular depression, with CO 49%, LV dP/dt 69%, and MAP 91% of baseline after 45 min. Naloxone improved CO to 69%, LV dP/dt to 94%, and MAP to 91% by 30 min after treatment. AVP blockade improved CO to 105%, LV dP/dt to 107%, and MAP to 95% of baseline by 30 min after treatment, and caused significant tachycardia. Plasma cortisol and AVP increased markedly in all groups after endotoxin administration. AVP antagonist treatment increased mean survival from 1.4 to 4 days. These data suggest that abnormally elevated AVP contributes to cardiovascular depression in canine endotoxin shock and that AVP blockade is therapeutic in the animal model studied.
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PMID:The role of endorphins and vasopressin in canine endotoxin shock. 294 95

Medroxyprogesterone acetate injections (Depo-Provera) were given to 625 women at 3 monthly intervals involving 693 episodes. Ages at entry to the study ranged from 15-51 years with the majority in their 20s and a mean age of 30. Length of exposure ranged from 3-168 cycles. 4 women have received more than 160 continuous cycles of DMPA. Of the medication-induced reasons for discontinuing DMPA, bleeding was the most common with an incidence of 10.5% followed by depression (1.4%), weight gain (1.4%), and loss of libido (1.6%). No patient ceased treatment because of headaches, recurrent vaginal infections, mastalgia, nausea, chloasma, hypertension, or other vascular illnesses. The 59 women who move away or were lost to follow-up accounted for 405 cycles of treatment. The solitary unplanned pregnancy occurred in a 28-year-old obese woman who had previously had other method failures, once with an IUD and once with oral contraceptives (OCs). No association was found with carcinoma of the cervix. Of 80 women ceasing treatment to become pregnant, only 1 women has required the assistance of chlomiphene and conceived 2 years after ceasing DMPA. Amenorrhea was the side effect most appreciated by the women using DMPA. Due to the problem of irregular bleeding, it is wise to warn prospective patients about the lack of bleeding control that they have 1 chance in 10 of having relative menorrhagia. Women using OC subject to frequent vaginal moniliasis had a marked reduction in episodes after switching to DMPA. Chloasma, 1 of the minor stigmas of OC, was not induced in any of the patients. DMPA is a safe and efficient reversible method of contraception for women who have various gynecological conditions or problems associated with using OCs.
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PMID:Medroxyprogesterone acetate as an injectable contraceptive. 296 70

The contractability of the Fallopian tubes is instrumental in the transport of the ovum to the uterus. Various studies have been done to determine the effect of different hormones on this property of the tubes, but they have been inconclusive. 34 patients who were scheduled for salpingectomies for reasons of birth control and who had been using steroid contraceptives for at least 3 months prior to the operation were selected for study. Half the sample had used pure progestagens (Depo-Provera or chlormadinone) and half had used a combined preparation (quinestrol + quingestanol or deladroxate). All were between 29-41 years of age with numbers of pregnancies ranging from 5 to 21. The intensity and frequency of the contractions and the general activity of the isthmus portion of the tubes were studied for 10-minute periods in 2 cm segments. Also, histological studies were done using hematoxylin eosin tincture and Van Giessen tincture, and histochemical tests were performed. The 17 cases on combined orals exhibited a significantly higher rate of activity than those on pure progestins, but were also subject to contractions of greater intensity. The histochemical studies showed a decrease in the energetic material and in the enzymatic activity related to carbohydrate metabolism in the tubes of the progestin group. The depression of motor activity and energetic metabolism was, however, neutralized by administering estrogens.
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PMID:[Effects of various steroids on the morphology and function of human fallopian tubes]. 419 46

The antitumor effect and side effects of oral high-dose Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy were studied in 110 patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer. MPA in 200 mg tablets was consecutively administered at a daily dose of 600, 800, 1,000, 1,200, 1,600, 1,800 or 2,400 mg. The overall response rate was 32/110 (29.1%), and the highest response rate was obtained in the 1,200 mg group (38.2%). The response rate by the site of lesion was higher in the soft tissues and also in bone metastases. Side effects such as moon face, vaginal spotting and abnormal glucose tolerance was mild and tolerable. Accordingly, from the antitumor effect and side effects, the optimal dose was considered to be 1,200 mg a day. Furthermore, as MPA therapy increases appetite and body weight of patients without causing myelopoietic depression, this drug could be used successfully in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
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PMID:[Oral high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the treatment of advanced and recurrent breast cancer: a dose-response evaluation]. 622 90

The hemodynamic effects of verapamil pretreatment versus no pretreatment were evaluated in five acutely hyperkalemic dogs. Using ECG evidence for severe hyperkalemia, the halothane-anesthetized dogs were rendered acutely hyperkalemic to similar plasma levels of K+ (K+ = 8.2 +/- 0.8 mEq/l verapamil plus hyperkalemia, K+ = 9.4 +/- 0.2 mEq/l hyperkalemic controls). The verapamil-hyperkalemic group had significantly lower cardiac indexes (CI) (CI = 1.3 +/- 0.5 1 X min-1 X m-2 verapamil plus hyperkalemia vs. CI = 3.0 +/- 0.2 1 X min-1 X m-2 hyperkalemic controls) and lower mean arterial pressures (MAP = 60 +/- 13 mmHg verapamil plus hyperkalemia vs. MAP = 96 +/- 7 mmHg hyperkalemic controls). Calcium therapy for hyperkalemia that returned CI to control levels in hyperkalemic controls only partially reversed the severe hemodynamic depression and did not improve the AV block seen during hyperkalemia in the presence of the calcium entry blocker verapamil. Surprisingly, the total mEq of KCl infused at the same rate into verapamil-pretreated dogs to result in similar high serum potassium levels was only one-third that required in dogs not pretreated with verapamil (1.6 +/- 0.3 mEq/kg KCl in verapamil-hyperkalemia group vs. 5.0 +/- 0.7 mEq/kg KCl in hyperkalemic controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Verapamil worsens rate of development and hemodynamic effects of acute hyperkalemia in halothane-anesthetized dogs: effects of calcium therapy. 642 14

We evaluated 2-chloroprocaine, three per cent, in 44 women having epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section. All subjects received a minimum dose of 25 ml (750 mg) in increments designed to allow early recognition of accidental subarachnoid or intravascular injection. Further increments were given as needed to achieve a T5 sensory level or higher. We recorded pulse and blood pressure at two-minute intervals and used a simple pain scale to assess analgesia. Ninety-three per cent of subjects had acceptable analgesia. Seventeen mothers required more than 25 ml to attain a T5 level; subjects having a BMI (body mass index) equal to or greater than 35, or over 35 years of age, demonstrated more cephalad spread. Hypotension (MAP 80 per cent of control or less) occurred in 24, mothers (54 per cent), often transiently, but an infused fluid volume exceeding 30 ml X kg-1 at delivery significantly reduced post-delivery hypotension. Nausea and vomiting accompanied the hypotension in 12 mothers. No neonatal depression occurred. We conclude the incremental administration of chloroprocaine, as described, permits safe administration of the drug, with excellent analgesia in most parturients.
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PMID:Three per cent 2-chloroprocaine for caesarean section: appraisal of a standardized dose technique. 649 71

The effects of intracoronary nifedipine on myocardial performance were studied in the absence and presence of beta-blockade with propranolol (0.5 mg X kg-1 i.v. bolus + infusion). In anaesthetized pigs nifedipine (0.025, 0.05 and 0.5 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) produced dose-dependent increases in coronary flow (up to 65% from base line, 39 +/- 4 ml X min-1) and decreases in myocardial O2-consumption (MO2-cons, up to 50%, base line 3.10 +/- 0.34 ml X min-1). The two lower doses caused a negligible depression of systemic haemodynamics (cardiac output, CO smaller than 8%, base line 2.70 +/- 0.14 l X min-1; mean arterial pressure, MAP smaller than 10%, base line 10.9 +/- 0.4 kPa), but after the highest dose MAP and CO decreased by 20%. Following pretreatment with propranolol, the effects of nifedipine on cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were additive for the two lower doses, but with 0.5 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 the superimposed effects were less pronounced. Nifedipine alone was able to increase cardiac efficiency, defined as (MAP X CO)/MO2-cons, by 10-20%, but failed to improve cardiac efficiency when this was previously reduced by administration of propranolol. Our data indicate that intracoronary infusion of nifedipine can be performed safely when beta-blockade is already instituted, but that nifedipine alone decreases MO2-consumption to the same level as the combination, with less depression of global myocardial function.
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PMID:Nifedipine and myocardial performance in the presence and absence of beta-blockade with propranolol. 666 65

In order to evaluate coronary artery disease quantitatively we recorded body surface maps before and after treadmill exercise in 27 patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. Electrocardiograms were recorded from 87 points on the anterior and posterior chest wall. The pre-exercise ST level was subtracted from post-exercise ST level at each lead point and an ST difference MAP was constructed. The ST level at 60 msec from J point was used for the construction of the ST difference MAP. By means of ST difference MAP, the area with ST changes which was induced by treadmill exercise could be evaluated. the size of the ST-depression area in the ST difference MAP was considered to be proportional to the severity of the coronary artery disease and the ST-elevation area was closely correlated to the motion abnormality of the corresponding left ventricular wall. Treadmill exercise test using body surface mapping has provided a measure of quantitative diagnosis of coronary artery disease especially in symptomatic patients.
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PMID:Treadmill exercise test using body surface mapping. A quantitative diagnostic method for coronary artery disease. 733 5

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MP) and norethindrone enanthate (NET) are used as depot preparations. Intramuscular injections of 150 mg MP are given every 12 weeks, and NET is administered in 200 mg dosages every 8 weeks for the first 4 intervals and every 12 weeks thereafter. These preparations prevent conception by inhibiting gonadotropin secretion (preventing ovulation), by making the cervical secretions impenetrable to sperm, and by affecting the endometrium to prevent nidation. The Pearl Index for these preparations when properly administered is less than 1. The most common side effect of using these preparations is menstrual irregularities; 71% of MP users and 47% of NET users never experience even 1 normal menstrual cycle per year. 35% of MP users and 9% of NET users do not experience a menstrual bleeding between the injections. Headache, depression, and leg cramps are other side effects of these preparations. Normal menstruation is observed about 8 months after discontinuing MP use and 3-6 months after NET use. These preparations do not affect lactation.
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PMID:[Depot gestagens as contraceptives]. 738 96

Prevalence of depression is high among poor, young, Hispanic inner city women. Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a popular contraceptive choice in this group. DMPA labelling suggests that depression may worsen with use. In order to identify any association of DMPA use with worsening depression, we surveyed an English-speaking subset of DMPA users in a Title-X funded family planning clinic. Eighty women completed the CES-D scale on two occasions: once about four weeks after a DMPA injection when the subject would have been exposed to the highest blood levels, and once immediately prior to an injection when recent blood levels of the drug would be somewhat lower (or absent preceding the first injection). The median CES-D score was 14. The scores were not related to timing of the test (pre- or post-injection). The depression scores were somewhat higher among those women receiving their first DMPA injection during the study period (i.e., unexposed women) and among those women who had received four or more injections. Scores were unrelated to age or parity, but were somewhat higher in women who reported fewer years of education or a recent adverse pregnancy outcome. These data provide little evidence of increasing depression with long-term use of DMPA and no evidence of a short-term effect of dose (within the contraceptive range) on mood. Women at risk of depression should not be denied DMPA as a contraceptive choice.
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PMID:Depression in users of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate. 755 75


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