Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

4 patients with solid genitourinary tumors and HIV1 infection have been treated in our institution over the last 2 years. Two patients had seminoma, 1 renal adenocarcinoma and 1 renal angiosarcoma. All had deeply impaired immunity with a low CD4 level. 3 had or developed a true AIDS syndrome according to the WHO and CDC criterias of 1988. The remaining patient was seropositive and died less than 3 months following the diagnosis of renal angiosarcoma. He is the first reported case of renal sarcoma in a patient infected with HIV1. 2 patients were homosexuals, and the 2 others were drug addicts. Along with other reported cases, our cases underline the association between the depression of immunity due to HIV and the onset of solid genitourinary tumors.
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PMID:Genitourinary tumors and HIV1 infection. 240 9

The activation of T lymphocytes by an antigenic challenge requires that the CD3 T cell receptor alpha/beta (TcR) is bound to an appropriate ligand, i.e. major histocompatibility complex antigen, on an antigen-presenting cell. In addition, numerous studies suggest that the accessory molecules CD4 and CD8 participate in the recognition process, and may have inhibitory as well as augmenting effects depending on the ways in which they participate. In the present study we attempt to define the conditions by which CD8 exerts enhancing and inhibitory effects on resting CD8+ T cell activation, and which parameters of activation are regulated through participation of CD8/CD4. We find that experimental procedures leading to TcR-CD8 aggregation induce T cell activation whereas experimental procedures preventing TcR-CD8 aggregation inhibit T cell activation. CD8/CD4-induced variations in the extent of T cell activation are apparent as variations in interleukin 2 (IL 2)-dependent growth and in the number of blastoid cells bearing IL 2 receptors. Inhibition of CD8+ T cell activation is successful only if the majority, if not all CD8 molecules are occupied by soluble antibody. This latter finding argues against the suggestion of other groups that CD8 may be a receptor for negative signaling. Rather, the results support the alternative notion that a basal level of TcR-CD8 aggregation, existing in the resting state or induced by TcR-ligand interaction, is an essential prerequisite for CD8+ T cell activation. Enhancement or depression of this basal level of aggregation causes facilitation or inhibition, respectively, of activation. This may be a mechanism for the regulation of IL 2-dependent clonal expansion of T cells in immune responses.
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PMID:Immunoregulation through CD8 (Ly-2): state of aggregation with the alpha/beta/CD3 T cell receptor controls interleukin 2-dependent T cell growth. 249 22

We have previously shown that streptococcal product (SP) extracted from the culture supernatants of Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 augments NK activity, partly by inducing the release of soluble factors from mononuclear cells. In this study we use SP as an NK stimulant to investigate the mechanism of NK depression in AIDS. We demonstrate that the NK activity of AIDS patients is lower than normal controls and can be significantly enhanced with SP, although not to control levels. The decreased cytotoxicity in AIDS is not due to a depletion of NK cells, nor to the depletion of lymphokines from CD4 cells that are directly involved in NK cell activation. PBMCs from patients with AIDS respond to SP, producing normal levels of NK-enhancing substances in their supernatants. However, upon examining the ability of SP-induced supernatants from control cells to augment the NK activity of cells from AIDS patients, we find significantly less activity in AIDS cells than in control cells, suggesting an intrinsic effector dysfunction of NK cells in AIDS.
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PMID:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AIDS patients release but do not respond to antigen-stimulated NK-activating lymphokines. 252 64

In an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, 16 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection developed the disease. All belonged to populations at risk for AIDS (15 were intravenous drug abusers). Five patients fulfilled the criteria for full-blown AIDS, and two more fulfilled them after diagnosis of leishmaniasis. All presented with the classic manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis, but leishmania serology was negative in 15 patients (93%). Leishmania donovani amastigotes were identified in the bone marrow in all cases. Most patients responded initially to treatment with pentavalent antimonial drugs, but seven (43%) followed a chronic course, with multiple relapses in five, despite alternative treatments. Visceral leishmaniasis occurred in patients with different levels of depression of the CD4 to CD8 lymphocyte ratio. Mortality was 37% (six patients) and was independent of the chronic-relapsing course of the disease. In no case was leishmaniasis the primary cause of death. Our data establish that visceral leishmaniasis is an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients, and we suggest that in endemic areas it should be considered an indicator disease for the diagnosis of AIDS.
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PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) as an opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in Spain. 210 72

Four patients with solid genito-urinary tumors and HIV 1 infection have been treated in our institution over the last 2 years, including 2 with seminoma, 1 with renal adenocarcinoma and 1 with renal angiosarcoma. All had severely impaired immunity with a low CD4 level. Three had or developed a true AIDS syndrome according to the WHO and CDC criteria (1988). The remaining patient was seropositive and died less than 3 months following the diagnosis of renal angiosarcoma, he is the first reported case of renal sarcoma in a patient infected with HIV 1. Two patients were homosexuals and the other 2 were drug addicts. Along with other reported cases, our cases may underline the association between depression of immunity due to HIV and onset of solid genito-urinary tumors.
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PMID:[Urogenital tumors and HIV-1 infection]. 274 46

In 23 out of 227 patients with positive serological tests for the human immunodeficiency virus (10%), seen between June 1987 and May 1988, lingual lesions of hairy leukoplakia (HL) were found. HL was present in 16/188 drug abusers (9%) and in 7/19 homosexuals (32%). In 3 cases HL was the only clinical manifestation of disease, in 11 it was associated with other symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex (ARC), and in 9 it was found in patients with a previous or concomitant diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The mean count of CD4 lymphocytes in the 23 patients was 0.22 X 10(9)/l. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the characteristic clinical features. In 3 cases biopsy was carried out, and parakeratosis and vacuolization of the spinous layer cells were found. Remarkably, particles of the herpesvirus group were also found. The lesions oscillated in size or even spontaneously disappeared, at least transiently; however, in the patients treated with zidovudine the improvement appeared to be more significant. The detection of HL discloses a likely infection by the HIV; it is usually associated with other features of ARC and/or severe immune depression, and it requires the institution of antiretroviral treatment.
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PMID:[Hairy leukoplakia: a new disease of the oral mucosa associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus]. 274 11

A group of men with AIDS who chose to follow a macrobiotic regimen as an alternative form of therapy was studied for the possible influence of psychological factors on their clinical progression. In this group, men with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) had an estimated survival time of 60% at 3 years. Moreover, there was a tendency for lymphocyte number to increase during the first 3 years following diagnosis with KS. A subset of eight of these men with KS and one man with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) agreed to fill out a battery of psychological questionnaires. The results suggest low levels of fatigue, negative affect, and confusion, but high levels of vigor in this subgroup. Additionally, there was significant positive associations of CD4 positive lymphocyte numbers with trait curiosity and hardiness scores and significant negative associations with anxiety and depression. Mitogen responsiveness followed a similar pattern, but only a positive association with curiosity reached significance. Caution has to be used in interpreting such data, especially in view of the size of the sample and the complexity of the cohort. Nonetheless, these findings clearly suggest the need for prospective studies on the influence of psychological factors on the progression of AIDS.
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PMID:Psychological and immunological associations in men with AIDS pursuing a macrobiotic regimen as an alternative therapy: a pilot study. 279 Feb 32

Levels of T lymphocytes were measured in 20 consecutive patients, 18 men and two women, supported with ventricular assist devices or an artificial heart. Indications for support were bridge to transplantation (n = 10), postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (n = 8), and acute myocardial infarction shock (n = 2). Control levels were from healthy volunteers not undergoing cardiac operation. Preoperatively, numbers of total lymphocytes and subclasses CD3, CD4, and CD8, as well as the interleukin-2 receptors (IL2R), were the same as controls (cells/microliters): lymphocytes, 1,940; CD3, 1,413 +/- 410; CD4, 894 +/- 318; CD8, 490 +/- 185; IL2R, 96. From implant to postoperative day 5, levels were below control values (p less than 0.001), reaching a nadir on postoperative day 2 (lymphocytes, 896 +/- 599; CD3, 489 +/- 267; CD4, 309 +/- 207; CD8, 183 +/- 107; IL2R, 43 +/- 47). Data from 10 patients (group 1) who survived (four weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, six transplanted) were compared with those from 10 patients (group 2) who died of multiorgan failure, sepsis, or both. From preimplant through postoperative day 6, levels did not differ between groups. However, from postoperative day 7 to the last day of ventricular support (group 1, 24-90 days; group 2, 7-29 days), group 1 levels (lymphocytes, 2,364 +/- 618; CD3, 1,825 +/- 553; CD4, 1,013 +/- 187; CD8, 796 +/- 402) were significantly above (p less than 0.01) group 2 levels (lymphocytes, 1,290 +/- 463; CD3, 746 +/- 295; CD4, 534 +/- 253; CD8, 221 +/- 106). These data indicate that lymphocytes and particularly T cells 1) decrease after ventricular assist device insertion, reaching a nadir at postoperative day 2, 2) return to control values after patients whose clinical status improves, and 3) remain low in severely ill patients. T-cell depression in ventricular assist device patients is related to the severity of the patient's condition rather than the presence of the device.
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PMID:T cells in ventricular assist device patients. 280 99

The kinetics of the cellular and humoral responses of 30 recipients of hepatitis B vaccine were studied. All individuals exerted an HBsAg blastogenic response sometime throughout the study period but the maximum response was detected on day 28 and 56. The removal of CD8+ cells enhanced significantly the HBsAg response at the times tested, whereas treatment with anti-CD4, anti-CD8, C' and anti-CD4+ C' had no effect. Vaccination also led to the depression of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) blastogenic response. This response was maximally suppressed 4 to 8 days after immunization at least for the primary and secondary responses and 28 days after the third dose of vaccine. The humoral response to HBsAg was detected only after the second dose of vaccine was given. The results suggest that a CD8+ cell controls the magnitude and intensity of the HBsAg blastogenic response, which may help to explain why several investigators had not been able to detect this response in hyperimmunized individuals. Primary immunization with HBsAg does lead to an expansion of B memory since a secondary response anti-HBsAg was observed.
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PMID:Humoral and cellular immune responses by normal individuals to hepatitis B surface antigen vaccination. 296

A derivative of ammonia caramel colour (AC) is known to induce a selective lymphopenia in rats. Accordingly, the haematological effects were studied in mice of oral administration in drinking water of 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI), the component of AC responsible for lymphopenia. Initially five groups of BALB/c mice (five mice per group) were given doses of THI ranging from 0 to 200 parts/10(6) and bled weekly. Doses of THI from 5 to 100 parts/10(6) had no effect on circulating leucocytes over 6 weeks, but lymphopenia occurred with 200 parts/10(6). An increase in the concentration of THI to 400 parts/10(6) in the group on the lowest dose resulted in lymphopenia. An increase in dosage in two groups of mice, to 1000 and 2000 parts/10(6), resulted in marked lymphopenia. The number of neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes remained unchanged throughout the experiment. Measurement of the proportions of CD4(L3T4)+ and CD8(Ly2)+ lymphocytes in lymph nodes from mice on high doses of THI did not show a selective depression of either subset, although both were increased relative to non-T cells. THI causes a selective lymphopenia in mice, as in rats, but at relatively higher doses, and merits investigation in mice as an experimental treatment for states of lymphocyte excess or overactivity.
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PMID:Lymphopenic effects on mice of a component of ammonia caramel, 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI). 314 40


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