Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study concurrently measured psychological distress (state anxiety, depression, confusion, and intrusive thoughts), neuroendocrine (plasma cortisol concentrations), and immunologic [lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)] changes in the 5-week periods preceding and following serostatus notification among asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive and seronegative gay men. Seropositives, as opposed to seronegatives, showed a disparity in predicted relationships among distress, cortisol, and immunologic measures across the prenotification to postnotification period. Individual difference analyses suggested that among seropositives, in contrast to seronegatives, plasma cortisol concentrations were negatively correlated with psychological distress and positively correlated with responses to PHA (assessed at study entry and after serostatus notification). This pattern in seropositives could not be explained by differences in prenotification perceived risk of infectivity, extraneous environmental stressors, or CD4 cell counts within the seropositive group.
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PMID:Disparities in psychological, neuroendocrine, and immunologic patterns in asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative gay men. 167 4

We recently identified three distinct T helper pathways which contribute to interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by human peripheral blood lymphocytes following stimulation with HLA alloantigens. In two of these pathways, CD4+ T helper cells respond to alloantigen using either self antigen-presenting cells (sAPC)* or allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (aAPC). A third pathway involves CD8+ T helper cells using aAPC. Previous in vitro studies have shown that the T helper pathway dependent on CD4+ T helper cells and sAPC (CD4-sAPC) is the most susceptible to suppression by cyclosporine. In the present study, we measured alloantigen-stimulated IL-2 production by PBL from 42 kidney transplant recipients to characterize the strength of the three T helper-APC pathways. In 58% of patients, a loss of the CD4-sAPC pathway was identified and was correlated with cyclosporine treatment. However, several patients not receiving cyclosporine also exhibited a similar loss of T helper cell function, suggesting that cyclosporine is not the only factor involved. Of 27 patients exhibiting depressed CD4-sAPC function, none had evidence of ongoing/recent graft rejection. In contrast, of 11 patients with no defects in the three pathways of in vitro T helper cell function, 6 had evidence of chronic graft rejection. Of considerable interest are the data obtained from a separate group of 4 patients who had episodes of acute rejection during the study. In each case, at the time of the rejection episode, all exhibited an intact CD4-sAPC pathway. However, samples tested prior to the rejection episode or after successful treatment of the rejection episode showed a depressed CD4-sAPC pathway. These results suggest that depression of the CD4-sAPC pathway represents adequate immunosuppression for graft retention and that patients not exhibiting such suppression are at increased risk for both acute and chronic graft rejection. These data may have relevance for diagnosis and/or prediction of graft rejection and may provide an in vitro method of monitoring the functional degree of immunosuppression in transplant recipients.
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PMID:Correlation of in vitro CD4+ T helper cell function with clinical graft status in immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients. 167 59

Increases in physical fitness are often associated with improvements in certain chronic diseases, such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. Recent evidence has shown that exercise also influences the neuroendocrine and immune systems, resulting in a potential to benefit those with chronic immunodeficiency diseases. Therefore, exercise may prove to have a profound impact on the management of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Our current work includes the investigation of the immunologic and stress-attenuating effects of an aerobic exercise training program for individuals at risk for AIDS. Upon completion of training, the subjects showed a significant increase in helper/inducer (CD4) cells and the inducer subset (CD45RA+CD4+) which activate suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8) cells. These increases, which average about 50 cells per cubic millimeter, are comparable to those observed in some studies of the AIDS drug comparable to those observed in some studies of the AIDS drug azidothymidine (AZT), but without the accompanying side effects. Also, individuals undergoing aerobic training reported no increases in anxiety and depression in response to notification of a positive HIV-1 serologic status. These findings taken together indicate that an aerobic exercise training program may enhance certain critical components of cellular immunity as well as acting as a buffer for the detrimental mood changes that typically accompany stress, thus providing a timely, promising behavioral approach to helping HIV-1-infected individuals.
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PMID:Aerobic exercise training in an AIDS risk group. 168 Jan 8

Cells of MPS and lymphatic system in lymph nodes from eighteen patients with culture proven tuberculous lymphadenitis were examined by histological and immunohistochemical technics. Ten patients suffered from symptomatic HIV-infection and eight patients were immunocompetent individuals without HIV serology. Characteristic granulomas with or without caseation were observed in the eight immunocompetent and the four HIV-infected patients with less marked lymphopenia of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes. In lymph nodes from the other HIV-infected patients with more severe depression of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocyte count no epitheloid cell formation was present. Instead of these cells foamy macrophages were found. The phenotype of macrophages underwent progressive changes parallel to decreasing numbers of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes. Foamy macrophages in mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection may represent an end-stage phenotype. While many macrophages and lymphocytes expressed IL-2 receptors in cases with typical granulomas there was no such CD25 expression in cases without any epitheloid cell formation. Our results suggest that T-cell activation is necessary for epitheloid granuloma formation in human tuberculosis and preliminary in situ data support the assumption that in vivo the HIV-infection provokes an excess production of cytokines which in turn causes an exhaustion of the immune system and finally AIDS.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical characterization of HIV-and non HIV-associated lymph node tuberculosis]. 172 23

Many anticancer mechanisms of the interferons have been proposed but none have been associated with clinical response to date. The biological activities of the interferons in vivo have included effects upon the natural killer cell, T- and B-lymphocytes, and macrophages. This report details a prospective study of the immunological effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of sequentially administered recombinant (r) interferon (IFN) gamma and rIFN alpha in 28 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Natural killer cell activity, T-cell phenotype (CD4, CD8, CD56, CD16, CD4/HLA-DR, CD8/HLA-DR, CD56/HLA-DR) and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase were measured prior to therapy, during therapy, and following completion of treatment. Statistical analysis of all parameters was performed for the entire group, by individual patient, by dosage, by time, and by clinical response. An overall significant depression in natural killer cell activity and in the percentage of circulating CD56, CD16, and CD8+ cells were noted. Significant increases in 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and in the percentage of circulating CD4 cells were also noted. Although an association between the magnitude of change in percentage of CD16+ cells and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and dosage of rIFN gamma and rIFN alpha, respectively, was observed, optimal biological dose of this sequence of rIFNs could not be determined due to the limited number of patients. A decrease in the percentage of circulating CD8+ cells was observed among patients with objective clinical response (partial and complete). Sequentially administered rIFN gamma and rIFN alpha can modulate immunological parameters in vivo in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A fall in percentage of circulating CD8+ cell is associated with response and suggests that this sequence of rIFN alpha and rIFN gamma might influence T-cell mediated antitumor activity.
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PMID:Immunological effects of treatment with sequential administration of recombinant interferon gamma and alpha in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma during a phase I trial. 173 46

It is well known that highly sensitized patients and/or high responders, even under CsA therapy, constitute a risk category for transplantation. Based on this evidence, in 1982, our group initiates a pilot study using total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) as a pre-transplant modulator of patient's immuno-response. TLI has been employed in 30 uremic, non diabetic, patients. During this experience the first protocol, characterized by pre-transplant TLI greater than 2,000 rads (13 pts.) and post-transplant conventional therapy, was abandoned because of the severe TLI side effects. In the second protocol TLI dose never exceeded 2,000 rads and CsA was given, at initial dose of 7-12 mg/Kg/day according to CsA blood through levels. The immunological monitoring was performed during TLI treatment and in the postoperative clinical course by cell markers profile determination and functional assays. The data obtained have demonstrated that TLI treatment causes a prolonged depression in CD4 positive cells, a predominant recovery of T suppressor population, a pronounced impairment of T functions and a development of specific unresponsiveness to donor antigens. Furthermore the TLI plus CsA protocol, showing an additive effect which steadily decreases patient immunoreactivity, a lack of side effects and a stable long term graft function seems to be a more useful method for transplantation in high-risk or in strongly immunoreactive patients.
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PMID:Immunological studies of renal allograft recipients treated with total lymphoid irradiation. 177 7

Forty-seven asymptomatic, healthy gay men were randomly assigned to a cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) condition or an assessment-only control group 5 weeks before being notified of their HIV-1 antibody status. Seventy-two hours before and 1 week after serostatus notification, blood samples and psychometric data were collected. Control subjects showed significant increases in depression, but only slight decrements in mitogen responsivity and lymphocyte cell counts pre- to postnotification of seropositivity. Seropositive CBSM Ss did not show significant pre-post changes in depression, but did reveal significant increases in helper-inducer (CD4) and natural killer (CD56) cell counts as well as a slight increment in proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Individual difference analyses suggest that the psychological buffering and immunomodulating effects of the CBSM manipulation may be attributable, in part, to relaxation skills learned and practiced or to a general willingness to comply with the intervention guidelines.
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PMID:Cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention buffers distress responses and immunologic changes following notification of HIV-1 seropositivity. 177 75

A depression of the general immune response in uremia is well documented, and hemodialyzed (HD) patients present deficient interleukin-2 (IL2) secretion. Since soluble IL2 receptors (SIL2R) could affect the immune response through interaction with circulating immune cells, we studied the potential relationship between SIL2R concentration and lymphocyte subsets in 44 HD patients. HD patients present lymphopenia, higher CD4/CD8 ratio. CD16 counts and SIL2R concentrations than controls. A significant negative correlation was found between SIL2R concentration and lymphocyte count (p less than 0.01), and between SIL2R concentration and T4/T8 ratio (p less than 0.01). An increase of SIL2R concentration due to abnormal T cell preactivation in HD patients with nonreused cuprophan membranes could perhaps contribute to cell immunity impairment through IL2 binding and inhibition of T cell activation.
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PMID:Soluble interleukin-2 receptors in chronic renal failure. 179 84

In an interdisciplinary study starting 2.5 years ago patients with various symptoms, which they associate with amalgam fillings, were examined. According to the first results of this study with 50 patients, the Hg-concentration in urine does correlate with the amount of amalgam fillings before and after taking DMPS (2,3-Dimercapto-1-propane-sulfonic-acid), but with a maximum of 66.4 micrograms Hg (24 h urine) the amounts of mobilization measured were significantly below toxicologically critical limits. Only in 3 patients did the individual immunological values (CD4/8 ratio, antinuclear antibodies) by far exceed standard values. In one case an allergy to amalgam is suspected. 40% of the patients showed a pathological psychiatric status (neurosis, depression, etc.). Another quarter had psychological problems like alcoholism or drug abuse. There is no reason at the moment to reject amalgam as filling material either because of the measured Hg-concentrations or because of any immunological or allergological findings.
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PMID:[Adverse side effects of amalgam? An interdisciplinary study]. 181 25

Although CD4-targeted therapy markedly prolongs survival of organ allografts in naive rodents, its effects in primed hosts have not been studied. In our model of accelerated rejection (ACCR) of cardiac Tx in rats, treatment with BWH-4, a CD4 mAb (IgG2a), in the sensitization (between skin and heart Tx) but not in the effector (after cardiac Tx) phase, abrogated fulminant less than 36 hr rejection response and prolonged Tx survival to ca. 11 days. This effect correlated with decreased frequency of circulating CD4+ cells, but it did not depend upon their total depletion. It was also related to BWH-4 mAb-mediated elimination/depression of strong anti-donor humoral responses and cellular responses as determined by lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and mixed lymphocyte reaction and mounted otherwise at the time of engraftment by untreated sensitized hosts. Immunoperoxidase studies of cardiac Tx from BWH-4-conditioned recipients revealed reduced T and B cell activities, reflected in abolition/reduction in deposition of humoral mediators, infiltrating cells, intra-Tx elaboration of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, and cell activation. This first report of the successful use of CD4 mAb in sensitized recipients of vascularized organ Tx, stresses the role of CD4+ cells as potential targets for immunosuppression in the sensitization phase of accelerated Tx injury. The beneficial therapeutic effect, probably due to both depletion and functional inhibition of CD4+ T cells, has been achieved by using relatively low doses of BWH-4 mAb.
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PMID:Differential role of CD4+ cells in the sensitization and effector phases of accelerated graft rejection. 182 5


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