Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pentobarbital in a dose of 3.5 mg/100 g b.w. did not suppress the high basal a.m. levels of plasma ACTH in adrenalectomized male rats. In both intact and adrenalectomized rats prior administration of the drug slightly depressed the rise in plasma ACTH induced by 2.5 min of ether inhalation, but this depression is of questionable statistical significance.
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PMID:The effect of pentobarbital on basal and ether-stimulated ACTH secretion in intact and adrenalectomized rats. 16 19

Changes in MAO activity after hypophysectomy (HX) are not due to adrenal insufficiency. ACTH failed to reverse the effects of HX and enhanced the depression of cardiac and spleenic MAO. The data suggests both facilitatory and inhibitory effects of pituitary hormones on MAO activity.
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PMID:Effects of hypophysectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy and hormone replacement therapy upon organ monoamine oxidase activity. 17 Jan 28

Experiments were conducted on male albino rats (298); a study was made of the effect of experimental thyrotoxicosis of various severity on the state of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system. It was found that the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system responded differently to the excess of thyroid hormone, depending on the strength and duration of action. Mild thyrotoxicosis was accompanied by its activation expressed in increased CRF of the hypothalamic extracts, a reduction of the ACTH in the hypophysis and a fall of ascorbic acid content in the adrenal glands. Severe and prolonged thyrotoxicosis was accompanied by a depression of the hypothalamo-hypophysio-adrenal system function. It was concluded that the action of thyroid hormones on the CRF secretion served as the leading mechanism of the mentioned reactions.
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PMID:[The effect of experimental thyrotoxicosis on the state of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal system in rats]. 17 50

Experiments were conducted on 60 rats. An attempt was made to ascertain with the aid of histochemical methods the possibility of a direct action of glucocorticoids on the adrenal glands. Incomplete coincidence of histochemical changes following hypophysectomy with the changes caused by the action of cortisone for the same period (10 days), and also a distinct depression with cortisone of histochemical shifts characteristic of the action of ACTH in hypophysectomized animals pointed to the direct (not mediated through the hypophysis) influence of cortisone on the adrenal cortex.
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PMID:[Autoregulation of hormonogenesis in the adrenal cortex]. 18 May 17

ACTH, cholera toxin, cyclic AMP but not pregnenolone-induced steroidogenesis in Y-1 functional mouse adrenal tumor cells was significantly inhibited by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and cannabinol. The inhibition of steroidogenesis could not be correlated with a general depression in cell function or viability. The data suggest that cannabinoids inhibit corticosteroidogenesis at a site between the synthesis of cAMP and of pregnenolone.
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PMID:Inhibition of cortiocosteroidogenesis by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. 20 49

The in vitro effects of theophylline and aminogluthetimide upon basal and ACTH stimulated cAMP, cortisol and aldosterone responses of normal human adrenocortical tissue were evaluated. Theophylline increased basal cAMP levels and cortisol output, however, basal aldosterone output was depressed. Theophylline in concert with ACTH depressed cortisol and aldosterone output. Aminogluthetimide alone did not affect basal cAMP levels, however, the normal cAMP response to ACTH was delayed in aminogluthetimide pre-treated adrenals. Aminogluthetimide also depressed basal and ACTH stimulated cortisol and aldosterone output with the latter being more sensitive. The findings indicate that both theophylline and aminogluthetimide produce effects upon the adrenal in addition to inhibition of phosphodiesterase and cholesterol side-chain cleavage, respectively. Further, theophylline depression of ACTH stimulated steroid output may be helpful in understanding the interplay between a number of factors in the control of adrenal steroid biosynthesis and release.
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PMID:In vitro effects of theophylline and aminogluthetimide upon basal and ACTH induced cAMP levels and steroid output by the normal human adrenal gland. 20 41

The acute in vitro action of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone alone and in combination were determined in the Cloudman S-91 melanoma grown in vivo. Hormone-treated melanoma dice (5-240 min) were analyzed for tyrosinase activity (EC 1.14.18.1), cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). ACTH elevated cAMP levels in the S-91 melanoma. However, these increases in cAMP were not accompanied by increased tyrosinase activity. Corticosterone depressed cAMP levels while stimulating tyrosinase activity. ACTH plus corticosterone produced an early cAMP peak followed by depression. ACTH plus corticosterone stimulated tyrosine activity coincident with the early cAMP peak followed by a drop in tyrosinase activity which was subsequently elevated. cGMP levels were not altered by any hormone treatment. The results indicate that cAMP is not the sole modulator of tyrosinase activity and suggest the interaction of ACTH, corticosterone and cAMP in the regulation of melanoma tyrosinase activity.
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PMID:Glucocorticoid modulation of adrenocorticotropin-induced melanogenesis in the Cloudman S-91 melanoma in vitro. 20 85

The acute in vitro action of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone alone and in combination were determined in the Harding-Passey (HP) melanoma grown in vivo. Hormone treated melanoma dice (5--240 min) were analyzed for tyrosinase activity, cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). ACTH elevated cAMP and cGMP levels 20- and 13-fold, respectively, in the HP melanoma. However, these large increases in cyclic nucleotide levels were accompanied by only a 49% increase in tyrosinase activity. Corticosterone elicited a similar response. ACTH plus corticosterone produced an early cAMP and cGMP peak followed by depression. ACTH plus corticosterone stimulated tyrosinase activity coincident with the early cyclic nucleotide peak followed by a drop in tyrosinase activity which was subsequently elevated. The results indicate that neither cAMP nor cGMP are the sole modulators of tyrosinase activity and suggest the interaction of ACTH, corticosterone and cyclic nucleotides in the regulation of melanoma tyrosinase activity.
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PMID:Interaction of ACTH, corticosterone and cyclic nucleotides in Harding-Passey melanoma melanogenesis. 21 Jul 23

Plasma corticotrophin (ACTH) was lowered in 4 out of 5 patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome (one of whom was studied only after bilateral adrenalectomy) after a single oral dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine, but plasma cortisols were unaltered in the 3 patients in whom it was measured. Three patients were observed during treatment with bromocriptine for 16 to 87 weeks. One improved symptomatically while maintained on a combination of metyrapone and bromocriptine, but plasma ACTH levels remained high even when the dose of bromocriptine was increased to 20 mg daily. Bromocriptine therapy was discontinued after 16 weeks in the second patient due to the development of mental depression. Her clinical features had not improved during this time. The third patient, who also underwent a course of pituitary irradiation, became, and remains, symptom free, with satisfactory plasma ACTH and cortisol levels for the 87 weeks he has received bromocriptine. The role of bromocriptine in the management of Cushing's disease seems limited despite the fact that plasma ACTH may fall after a test dose of the drug.
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PMID:ACTH and cortisol response to bromocriptine, and results of long-term therapy, in Cushing's disease. 21 17

A method of preparing a suspension of cells of the zona glomerulosa from rat adrenal capsules treated with crude collagenase is described. The cells responded to ACTH, angiotensin II and serotonin by increased production of aldosterone. Pooled human sera or individual human sera (from healthy normal or non-psychiatric in-patients) to a final concentration of 30% had no effect on ACTH-stimulated production of aldosterone. Many serum samples from five patients with manic-depressive psychosis, however, caused a reduction in aldosterone production; 65% of those samples taken during depression, 44% of the samples taken during manic episodes and 23% of the samples taken when the mood was normal. Sera from manic-depressive patients also reduced the production of aldosterone caused by angiotensin II or serotonin. This effect of serum from manic-depressives in vitro may be related to the abnormalities of aldosterone control in such patients.
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PMID:Inhibition of aldosterone production in adrenal cell suspensions by serum from patients with manic-depressive psychosis. 21 27


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