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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

University students, divided on a quartile split into low (n = 53) and high (n = 42) depression groups (Beck scores of 0-1 or 7 and higher), were presented a series of failure situations in which failure occurred under high effort (with situational factors causing failure) or low effort. Subjects rated their affective reactions to each situation. It was hypothesized that the group low on depression would feel worse after high effort (since this would challenge their sense of self-efficacy) whereas the high depression group would feel better in this condition (since attribution of failure to situational factors would protect their sense of self-esteem). Results were consistent with expectations for the group low on depression. For the group high on depression, the means were rank-ordered as predicted but the difference was not significant.
Percept Mot Skills 1995 Feb
PMID:Affective reactions to failure as a function of effort and depression. 762 14

This experiment investigated the effects of three types of structured exercise (aerobics, bodybuilding, and circuit training) on depressive symptoms of 45 clients undergoing a 4-wk., inpatient rehabilitation program for substance abuse. Pre- and posttest measures included the Center of Epidemiological Studies--Depression, resting pulse rate, blood pressure, maximum strength on incline bench press, and estimates of aerobic fitness and body fat. The bodybuilding program produced a significant decrease in depressive symptoms. Physiological and psychological explanations are discussed.
Percept Mot Skills 1995 Apr
PMID:Effects of type of exercise on depression in recovering substance abusers. 767 85

The relationship between micturition, stressful events, and psychological symptoms was studied in 58 female patients with functional micturition disorders (urethral syndrome) and 21 control patients. All received three questionnaires (Symptom Questionnaire, Illness Behavior Questionnaire, and the Biographic Questionnaire). Analysis highlighted the appearance of the urethral syndrome in highly stressful situations and the increase in the patient's anxiety, depression, dysphoria, hostility, and irritability. A tendency to complain of other psychophysiologic symptoms was also noted.
Percept Mot Skills 1995 Apr
PMID:Stressful events and psychological symptoms in patients with functional urinary disorders. 767

Three suicides occurred within 3 years in a military unit of 35 individuals. This represented an annual rate 220 times the North American average. A clinical intervention was requested by medical authorities, the goal being to minimize the risk of further deaths. Group and individual therapy was conducted over 3 days and ongoing referrals were made as necessary. In addition, measures of anxiety, depression, and hostility were obtained from this unit and from a unit equivalent in size and job description to examine whether these constructs could be used diagnostically. Analysis of the data indicated that differences in mean scores between the units yielded potentially misleading information, although on an individual basis scores were useful in identifying clients at risk of suicide. When those who personally knew one or more of the decreased were compared with those who did not, variability of scores in conjunction with interviews was helpful in identifying relatively high-risk subgroups.
Percept Mot Skills 1994 Dec
PMID:Imitative suicide in a cohesive organization: observations from a case study. 787 May 32

The comparative effects of exercise reduction and relaxation training on dysphoric mood states and Type A scores in persons who exercise beyond the American College of Sports Medicine's recommended guidelines for cardiovascular fitness were investigated. Using their scores on the Profile of Mood States and the Jenkins Activity Survey, 57 subjects were randomly divided into 3 matched groups based on age, gender, and exercise regimen. Subjects assigned to the control group maintained their current exercise regimen, those in the second group reduced their exercise regimen to include no more than 5 hours of aerobic activity per week, and those in the third group maintained their current exercise regimen and attended 5 1 1/2-hr. relaxation training sessions. Both inventories were administered again after 10 weeks. Multivariate analysis of covariance showed no statistically significant differences among group means on the dependent variables. Further research on the use of aerobic exercise and relaxation training as auxiliary treatments for anxiety and depression is recommended.
Percept Mot Skills 1994 Dec
PMID:Comparative effects of exercise reduction and relaxation training on mood states and Type A scores in habitual aerobic exercisers. 787 May 59

38 male patients with obstructive sleep apnea were asked to complete 2 weeks of rating symptoms, physical examination, diagnostic polysomnography, and MMPI testing prior to being placed on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Six months later, 26 (72.2%) of the 36 subjects available for follow-up showed continued compliance. A regression analysis conducted with those 28 subjects who completed all pretreatment measures showed that continued therapy was predicted by such pretreatment measures as patients' body mass index, ratings of daytime sleepiness and nocturnal sleep quality, and MMPI Depression and Hypochondriasis scale scores (R2 = 0.63). Eventual compliers had a higher Body Mass Index, reported less daytime sleepiness and better nocturnal sleep quality, and scored lower on the MMPI D and Hs scales prior to treatment than did the noncompliers. A linear discriminant function analysis with analog cross-validation showed these five predictors would identify approximately 80% of eventual noncompliers and 97% of those who display compliance. It was concluded that subjective report and personality measures may be useful in predicting long-term use. Additional studies are needed to assess the clinical significance of the noted MMPI scale elevations among sleep apnea patients in general and among those patients who display eventual noncompliance.
Percept Mot Skills 1994 Jun
PMID:Psychological status, syndromatic measures, and compliance with nasal CPAP therapy for sleep apnea. 793 34

For 15 subjects with chronic low back pain and 15 matched healthy controls analysis of scores on Life Experiences Survey (general stress), Family Environment Scale (family relationships), Beck Depression Inventory (psychological distress), and McGill Pain Questionnaire (pain experience) indicated that the scores on environmental stressors, general stress, and psychological distress were higher for the group with pain. They experienced more negative life events and were more depressed. Certain family characteristics (decreased scores on Cohesion, Independence, Organization, and increased scores on Conflict) were unique to that group. Finally, certain family variables which did not differentiate between the groups were associated with the pain experience.
Percept Mot Skills 1994 Jun
PMID:Correlations among general stress, family environment, psychological distress, and pain experience. 793 56

The influence of depression on the cerebral hemispheric motor functioning of 40 right-handed women, half of whom had been classified as depressed, the other half as nondepressed, was examined. The depressed women were also characterized by elevated state and trait anxiety, suggestive of an anxious-depressive state with heightened arousal. A hand dynamometer was used as a standardized measure of hemispheric motor functioning such as hand-grip strength, perseveration, and fatigue. Primary findings indicated that depressed women displayed significantly less perseveration at the left hand than did nondepressed women, but a nonsignificant trend only was noted for less perseveration at the right hand. These results suggest possible differential arousal of the left and right cerebral hemispheres in this sample of anxious-depressed women and are discussed in terms of arousal theory.
Percept Mot Skills 1994 Jun
PMID:Functional asymmetry in the motor performances of women: neuropsychological effects of depression. 793 60

Two experiments using a standard artificial grammar paradigm were conducted to examine the role of affective states, specifically anxiety and depression, on implicit learning. The main purpose was to broaden the range of human functioning explored through the application of the robustness principle in the evolutionary framework recently developed by Reber which predicts that cognitive processes which rely upon unconscious, implicit processes should be less affected by affective states than those which rely upon conscious, explicit processes. In Study 1 (N = 60), high test anxiety was associated with performance deficits in the explicit components of the task; no differences were found in the implicit phases of the task. In Study 2 (N = 160), varying levels of subclinical depression were unrelated to both implicit and explicit functioning. The contrasting findings of the two studies are discussed in terms of the differential cognitive effects and adaptive implications of these two affective states.
Percept Mot Skills 1994 Aug
PMID:Implicit and explicit learning: differential effects of affective states. 799 6

Limited research indicates positive affective change following acute bouts of exercise, but whether this improved affect among younger subjects may be generalized to older individuals is not known. The present study, then, examined the effects of a single bout of physical activity among older participants. 16 trained women (Mage = 64.5 +/- 7.6 yr.) completed an abbreviated Profile of Mood States prior to and immediately following a 75-min. session of aerobic line dancing. A series of one-way analyses of variance with repeated measures were used to examine differences between pre- and posttest subscores on mood states. Significant decreases following exercise in scores on Tension, Depression, Fatigue, and Anger and a significant increase in scores on Vigor relative to preexercise (control) scores were found. Global mood was significantly improved after the exercise session. No significant difference was found between pre- and postexercise measures of Confusion. Previous findings of significant improvements in affect immediately after an acute bout of exercise may be generalized to older adults. Repetition with a nonexercised control group is desirable.
Percept Mot Skills 1994 Aug
PMID:Mood alterations in older adults following acute exercise. 799 8


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