Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Asparagine was a superior nitrogen source for clavine-alkaloid production in Claviceps purpurea. Its transport into the cell excedded the cell's biosynthetic need for this amino acid. Asparagine entered the cell without degradation. This disturbed the relative pool sizes of various amino acids resulting in a change in the genetically determined ratio at which amino acids were utilized for protein synthesis. Overproduction of alkaloids (4500 mug.ml-1) may be associated with increased availability of tryptophan because of the enhanced assimilation of asparagine-derived ammonia via glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2). However, ammonium salts in the fermentation broth led to a depression of the alkaloid yield. Partial replacement of the ammonium salt by aspartic acid elevated alkaloid production.
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PMID:The cellular role of nitrogen in the biosynthesis of alkaloids by submerged culture of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. 1 58

Salicylic acid and its principal metabolic product, salicyluric acid, are ultrafiltered at the glomeruli, secreted by the proximal segment and undergo back diffusion; the net effect being an accumulation of salicylates in the cortex. The back diffusion of salicylate is pH-sensitive (salicylurate is not) and its secretion is less sensitive than that of salicylurate to depression by probenecid. There was an increasing concentration gradient of these salicylates from outer cortex to innermost medulla. The clearance of salicyluric acid exceeded glomerular filtration rate even at very low urine flow and was not pH-dependent, so that total salicylate accumulation in the medulla was less affected by adjustment of urinary pH. Increasing perfusion of the nephron markedly reduced the inner medulla/cortical concentration ratios and segmental concentrations of salt and urea and reduced the cortical concentrations of salicylates. Diuresis may decrease the medullary concentration of salicylates, depending on the rate and duration of increased urine flow.
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PMID:Renal concentration gradients of salicylic acid and its metabolic congeners in the dog. 2 32

The retention of degradation of insulin by isolated perfused liver have been examined. Noncyclically perfused livers from streptozotocin-diabetic rats retained 25% and degraded 10% of 125I-insulin administered as a 1-min pulse. On gel filtration (Sephadex G50F), the degradation products released into the vascular effluent eluted in the salt peak. During the 45-min interval after the end of the 125I-insulin infusion, 0.19% of the total dose was excreted in the bile. 60-90% of this material consisted of iodinated, low-molecular-weight degradation products. Inclusion of native insulin with the 125I-insulin in the pulse depressed both the retention and degradation of iodinated material; however, this reflected increased retention and degradation of the total insulin dose (125I-insulin plus native hormone). The log of the total amounts of insulin retained and degraded were linearly related to the log of the total amount of insulin infused at concentrations between 12.7 nM and 2.84 muM. Increasing the amount of native insulin in the infused pulse also depressed the total amount of iodinated material found in the bile and led to the appearance in the bile of intermediate-sized degradation products that did not simultaneously appear in the vascular effluent. Addition of high concentrations of glucagon to the infused 125I-insulin had no effect on the retention or degradation of the labeled hormone, or on the apparent size and amount of iodinated degradation products found in the vascular effluent or in the bile. Preinfusion of concanavalin A inhibited both 125I-insulin retention and degradation. A greater depression by concanavalin A of degradation than binding was also observed with isolated hepatocytes. In contrast to 125I-insulin, the retention and degradation of two iodinated insulin analogues of relative low biological potency, proinsulin and desalanyl-desasparaginyl insulin, were small. The amount of radioactivity appearing in the bile after infusion of these analogues was almost negligible. However, degradation products of these analogues that appeared in the bile and in the vascular effluent was qualitatively similar to those found after the infusion of 125I-insulin. Our findings suggest that the rapid initial uptake of 125I-insulin after its infusion into noncyclically perfused liver, as well as its subsequent degradation, behaves in a qualitatively similar fashion to the binding of 125I-insulin and its degradation by isolated rat hepatocytes. This uptake and the subsequent phase of degradation may be attributable to binding of insulin at specific recognition sites, preliminary to its transfer to a degradative site(s) presumed to be located inside the cell.
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PMID:Retention and degradation of 125I-insulin by perfused livers from diabetic rats. 13 20

The functional zonation in the adrenocortical tissue of the duck was experimentally investigated after chronic administration of corticosteroids of different types (corticosterone, desoxycorticosterone, dexamethasone) and salt loading (chlorides of sodium and potassium). The cytomorphology of the interrenal cells belonging to subcapsular and central zones was explored by light- and electron microscopy and by biochemical analysis of plasma corticosterone. Corticoid-induced involution of the interrenal tissue, or hyperactivity elicited by salt loading were evident in both subcapsular and central regions of the gland. In the duck the adrenocortical tissue appears to be devoid of steroidogenic functional differentiation. The modifications of different cellular organelles and inclusions can be explained in the light of known concepts about corticosteroid metabolism. The depression of plasma corticosterone titre in corticosteroid-treated animals agrees with the image of cytological inhibition. The lowered corticosterone value in KCl-loaded ducks signifies increased peripheral metabolism of this hormone. The hypercorticosteronemia in NaCl-loaded ducks is probably related to activation of the nasal gland under osmotic stress.
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PMID:Adrenocortical response in the duck exposed to corticosteroid administration and salt loading. 16 78

Substitution therapy with thiamine, ATP and magnesium which, just like that with clomethiazole has a parasympathomimetic action, is based on the principle of suppression of the sympathetic system. If these patients are no longer capable for any reason of continuing to take the endogenous substances (thiamine, ATP and magnesium) by mouth, the treatment is continued with clomethiazole an an infusion. But since the intravenous administration of clomethiazole is not seldom accompanied by a parasympathetic coma with respiratory and cardiac depression and miosis, treatment of a sympathetic blockade with dextrose solution containing salt is proposed.
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PMID:[Therapy of alcoholism. The use of thiamine, ATP and magnesium and the control of clomethiazole sympathetic blockade (author's transl)]. 30 66

DNA-membrane complexes were isolated from lysed E. coli B/r and Bs-1, either by low g forces from a low salt solution, or by high g forces through a discontinuous sucrose gradient. The latter method was more gentle. Irradiation of the intact bacteria had no effect on the membrane macromolecules or on RNA components of these complexes. DNA loss was not significant after irradiation under anoxic conditions but complexes isolated from from Bs-1 irradiated in air showed an appreciable decrease in DNA content. In the presence of the appropriate nucleotide mixture, both 'free' DNA, found in the supernatant fractions, and rapidly sedimented membrane-associated DNA were able to synthesize DNA in the absence of added polymerase. DNA synthesis associated with 'free' DNA was more sensitive to radiation than that associated with DNA bound to the membrane, which appeared to moderate the effects of radiation on new DNA synthesis. It is concluded that the depression of DNA synthesis is primarily a result of irradiation-induced changes on genome-DNA. The interpretation of earlier work from our laboratories that DNA-membrane complexes contained the macromolecular structure which responded to radiation with a high o.e.r. is not supported by the evidence in this work.
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PMID:The synthesis of DNA by DNA-membrane complexes from irradiated E. coli B/r and Bs-1: the role of the membrane. 35 16

Hyponatremia with simultaneous renal sodium loss was associated with the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a dog with heartworm disease. Antidiuresis caused expansion of extracellular fluid volume, which induced renal salt wasting and a negative sodium balance. The combination of water retention, salt wasting, and inactivation of intracellular solute contributes to the decrease in serum sodium concentration. Water intoxication due to hypotonicity of body gluids induced anorexia, depression, weakness, and incoordination.
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PMID:Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a dog. 50 Apr 39

Physical and chemical considerations permit the division of the near-surface regolith on Mars into at least six zones of distinct microenvironments. The zones are euphotic, duricrust/peds, tempofrost, permafrost, endolithic, and interfacial/transitional. Microenvironments vary significantly in temperature extremes, mean temperature, salt content, relative pressure of water vapor, UV and visible light irradiance, and exposure to ionizing radiation events (100 Mrad) and oxidative molecular species. From what is known of the chemistry of the atmosphere and regolith fines (soil), limits upon the aqueous chemistry of soil pastes may be estimated. Heat of wetting could reach 45 cal/g dry soil; initial pH is indeterminate between 1 and 10; ionic strength and salinity are predicted to be extremely high; freezing point depression is inadequate to provide quantities of liquid water except in special cases. The prospects for biotic survival are grim by terrestrial standards, but the extremes of biological resiliency are inaccessible to evaluation. Second-generation in situ experiments which will better define Martian microenvironments are clearly possible. Antarctic dry valleys are approximations to Martian conditions, but deviate significantly by at least half-a-dozen criteria.
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PMID:Chemical and physical microenvironments at the Viking landing sites. 52 49

Experiments were conducted to determine whether suppression of the renin-angiotensin-system and inhibition of the tubuloglomerular feedback response offer protection from acute renal failure, as found in chronically-salt loaded animals. The juxtaglomerular renin activity and tubuloglomerular feedback response were inhibited acutely, by saline expansion, or chronically, by DOCA-treatment with saline drinking fluid or salt diet, by high salt diet alone, or by inducing two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension. The chronic pretreatment procedures depressed juxtaglomerular renin to 16, 7, 13 and 4% of control, respectively, inhibited the feedback response to 53, 37, 56, and 38% of control, respectively, but conferred no benefit in the first hours following a nephrotoxin or ischaemia. In contrast, the acute treatment procedure reduced juxtaglomerular renin activity to only 56% and lowered the feedback response to only 71%, but improved renal function after the nephrotoxin, although not after ischaemia. It is concluded that since severe restrictions of renin activity and tubuloglomerular feedback are not protective, neither is primarily involved in generating the functional restrictions early in acute renal failure. The restoration of renal function by saline expansion accompanied only a modest depression of these two systems and suggests that the beneficial effect may result more from volume expansion or diuresis than from suppression of renal renin or inhibition of tubuloglomerular feedback.
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PMID:The early phase of experimental acute renal failure. V. The influence of suppressing the renin-angiotensin system. 57 64

Uniform salt forms of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and free lipid A showing distinct differences in their anticomplementary activity, as well as a nontoxic LPS, are used in a new approach of studying the role of complement in endotoxin shock. The use of these defined LPS forms led to the identification of two timely, distinct depressions in complement hemolytic activity after administration of endotoxin in rats. An early depression occurred within 10 min after injection, and a late one developed more gradually, with lowest values at 6 to 9 h. The early depression represents a direct interaction of LPS with complement. It was obtained by toxic and nontoxic preparations that exhibit a high molecular weight and anticomplementary activity in vitro. The early depression was not related to the toxic properties of the LPS. The late depression was obtained only with endotoxically active LPS in lethal and 100-fold-lower concentrations, regardless of their molecular weight and of their in vitro anticomplementary activity.
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PMID:Interaction of lipopolysaccharides and lipid A with complement in rats and its relation to endotoxicity. 64 Jul 34


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