Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The byssus attachment plaque and the tissues responsible for its formation were studied in M. californianus by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the plaque consists of at least three phases which ultrastructurally resemble three secretions considered to be collagen, mucoid material and polyphenol. The mucoid and polyphenol appear to mix as a colloidal suspension in which the latter is the continuous phase and forms the definitive bonding surface. Plaque collagen represents an extension of thread material into the cementing substance. Stimulated secretion within the ducts and distal depression of the mussel's foot shows a continuum of increasing heterogeneity from the inner toward the outer regions. This reflects the distribution of exocrine cell apices wherein exocytosis of polyphenol granules predominate deeply, mucous granules superficially and collagen granules in between. It is proposed that the morphology of the plaque conforms to theoretical physical-chemical requirements for adhesion under water.
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PMID:The structure and formation of the byssus attachment plaque in Mytilus. 93 73

Chondrodermatitis helicis, or painful nodule of the ear, is an uncommon benign aural lesion which is seen and treated by dermatologists and otolaryngologists. Because of the sparcity of reports in the recent literature, our experience with 50 patients over a 10-year period is presented. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination and biopsy need be performed only to confirm the diagnosis in atypical cases. Patients are generally middle-aged or elderly males. There are no associated systemic disorders with this condition. The lesions are discrete, grey to red in color, oval shaped with raised rolled edges, and a central ulcer or depression which often contains a crust or scale. The lesion is typically painful and tender and, for this reason, the patient seeks help shortly after the onset of symptoms. The characteristic histopathologic features are epithelial hyperplasia, collagen degeneration, focal fibrinoid necrosis, and inflammatory components. Clinically, the lesion is misdiagnosed in the majority of instances and is presumably, therefore, treated inappropriately. It should be stressed that this is a benign condition and initial management should be aimed at conservative therapy with local steroid injection or conservative non-deforming surgery. Wide excision, including removal of the underlying cartilage with appropriate reconstrictive closure should be reserved for the conservative treatment failures.
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PMID:Chondrodermatitis helicis: a clinical re-evaluation and pathological review. 95 52

The usefulness of biochemical studies on effects of light on transparent tissues of the mammalian eye is discussed in relation to the possible role of photobiological phenomena in aging and pathology of the eye. Particular emphasis is on effects of light on interaction between different cellular constituents of the corneal stroma which appear as a factor in regulation of the corneal metabolism. Daylight filtered through the walls of glass vessels was found to depress the incorporation of 14-C glucosamine into keratansulfate fraction of the bovine corneal stroma which appears not to be bound to collagen fibrils as it is extracted by 0.15M NaC1 at 4 degrees C without any morphological change in these fibrils. Since this depression was not found in the absence of the epithelium, secretions by the epithelium of specific substances affecting the keratoyctes are suggested. The possible relation of light effects on the hydration of the cornea is discussed.
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PMID:Some biochemical aspects of light effects on transparent eye tissues. 112 95

In animal experiments on rats we could show that wound healing, inhibited by cortison can be normalized by vitamin A administration. The reason for this behaviour is assumed to be an antagonistic effect of cortison and vit. A via the inflammatory phase on the amount of newly formed collagen. The increase of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulin fraction and the decrease of the albumin fraction in the serum caused by vitamin A seems to indicate this fact as well as the pronounced leucocyte depression under cortisol treatment.
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PMID:[Animal experiment studies on the effect of vitamin A on cortisol-induced wound healing disorders]. 120 27

Liver and spleen phagocytic clearance of blood-borne microparticulate tissue debris and products of intravascular coagulation after trauma and surgical injury is an important mechanism to limit the deposition of debris in the pulmonary vascular bed. Plasma fibronectin (pFn) modulates this clearance process. We evaluated the effect of a localized peripheral ischemia and reperfusion injury on liver and spleen phagocytic function. Male rats (250 to 350 g) underwent 4 hours of tourniquet-induced bilateral hindlimb ischemia, followed by 18 hours of reperfusion after release of the tourniquet. Rats subjected to ether anesthesia alone or anesthesia followed by groin incision without ischemia were the control and sham groups, respectively. Reticuloendothelial (RE) phagocytic function was assessed at 15 minutes and 18 hours after the start of reperfusion by the in vivo liver and spleen removal of blood-borne iodine 125 (125I)-test microparticles, which were coated with gelatin (denatured collagen) to enhance their interaction with pFn. Liver and spleen particle uptake in control and sham rats was similar. In contrast, after 4 hours of ischemic injury with 15 minutes of reperfusion, we observed a 30% to 40% decrease (p less than 0.05) in liver and spleen particle uptake as compared with sham controls with partial restoration of this removal mechanism by 18 hours. This depression in liver and spleen phagocytic function was associated with a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the deposition of the 125I-test particles in the lung. RE depression was not due to a deficiency of pFn; indeed, a marked elevation (588 +/- 12 micrograms/mL versus 1,083 +/- 40 micrograms/mL) of pFn was observed by immunoassay over the 18-hour reperfusion interval. Comparative bioassay of humoral (opsonic) versus cellular (Kupffer's cell) activity revealed that Kupffer's cells in livers from controls or ischemia-reperfusion rats exhibited normal phagocytic function when incubated in plasma harvested from either control or 4-hour ischemic rats. The opsonic activity of plasma harvested after ischemia and reperfusion was also more than adequate, consistent with the immunoassay analysis. Thus, the impaired liver and spleen clearance mechanism after peripheral ischemia and reperfusion injury did not appear to be due to either a macrophage cellular deficit or a lack of pFn. This clearance depression may be mediated by splanchnic malperfusion, which is known to develop after peripheral ischemia and reperfusion and associated soft tissue injury.
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PMID:Liver and spleen phagocytic depression after peripheral ischemia and reperfusion. 141 24

Defibrotide (DEF), a compound previously found to stimulate vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) formation, has been investigated in an experimental model of septic shock. Anesthetized pigs were subjected to i.v. infusion of lipid A (1.5 mg/kg per hr for 4 hr). DEF (50 mg/kg per hr) or vehicle were infused i.v. throughout the experiments, starting 1 hr prior to lipid A. Two out of 7 pigs receiving vehicle survived lipid A infusion for 4 hr, whereas 6 out of 7 DEF treated animals survived this period (P less than 0.05). DEF delayed the shock-induced depression of platelet count and preserved platelet secretory function (collagen-induced ATP-secretion). DEF increased plasma PGI2 by 45% (P less than 0.05) during lipid A infusion and tended to reduce thromboxane levels. DEF did not change eicosanoid formation in sham-shock pigs (n = 4 per group). In vivo treatment with DEF significantly increased the stimulatory effect of bradykinin (1 microM) and arachidonic acid (100 microM) on PGI2 formation ex vivo of mesenteric and iliac artery segments. The improvement of survival in lipid A-induced shock by DEF may be related to an enhancement of vascular PGI2 generation, potentially due to a reduction of shock-induced platelet activation and microcirculatory dysfunction.
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PMID:Favourable effect of defibrotide in lipid A-induced shock in pigs. 142 20

In the ventral wall of the mouse laryngopharynx, a fairly large number of the epithelial papillae containing taste bud (provisionally denominated the pharyngeal papillae) were observed. The NaOH cellmaceration method was applied in order to demonstrate the stereo architecture of the connective tissue papillae (CTP) of the pharyngeal papillae. The CTP appeared as a cylindrical wall surrounding a round depression, and consisted of a delicate meshwork of collagen fibrils. It is suggested that the CTP constitute the skeletal framework of the pharyngeal papillae and that the round depression corresponds to the site of taste bud. Furthermore, the collagen fibrillar architecture in the extrapapillary region appeared to be arranged to meet specific functional needs. That is, in the rostral end of the laryngopharynx, the collagen fibrils ran solitarily to form a coarse meshwork and seemed to allow the epithelium a certain degree of freedom of motion in swallowing. On the other hand, in the caudal part the fibrils concentrated into the thick bundles of the fibers running side by side along the long axis of the laryngopharynx and, therefore, appeared to play an important role in resisting the excessive stretching force.
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PMID:Stereo architecture of the lamina propria in the mouse laryngopharynx in scanning electron microscopy. 143 50

Five cases of progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFH) are reported. A nonindurated depression on normal-colored skin was observed in the cheeks of 3 subjects, and 2 patients showed indurated, pigmented atrophic lesions associated with linear scleroderma or generalized morphea. Lipoatrophy with mild subcutaneous fibrosis was observed histologically in the patients with nonindurated depressions. In contrast, the patients with indurated lesions exhibited a marked dermal fibrosis and the disappearance of appendices in the dermis. When compared with unaffected skin used as a control, collagen and glycosaminoglycan contents were not different in diseased areas. However, the dermatan sulfate/hyaluronic acid ratio was increased 1.5- to 3.2-fold in PFH patients regardless of their clinical and histological differences. These results suggest that both types of PFH may be based on a similar connective tissue disorder.
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PMID:Progressive facial hemiatrophy: report of five cases and biochemical analysis of connective tissue. 144 85

Under conditions unfavorable to growth, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans enters a developmentally arrested stage, the dauer larva. We have examined gene expression in the dauer larva and during recovery from the dauer stage. Run-on transcription assays with isolated nuclei reveal a depression of general RNA polymerase II transcription to 11-17% of that in other stages. Transcription of individual gene families (including actin, collagen, hsp70, and histone) is similarly depressed relative to actively growing stages. Dauer larvae are, however, capable of being induced for heat shock messages, indicating that they are competent to initiate and elongate transcripts. For most genes surveyed, reduced transcription in dauer larvae correlates with a decrease in message abundance. Hsp70 mRNA, however, is transcribed at lower rates but accumulates at levels comparable to those in other stages. Interestingly, dauer larvae are 15-fold enriched in a mRNA for a C. elegans hsp90 gene. Hsp90 mRNA accumulation is regulated at least in part by differential stability. Dauer larvae thus appear to have a unique pattern of gene expression. Upon placement in food, dauer larvae reenter the developmental pathway as late-stage larvae. Dauer recovery is accompanied by a temporally regulated sequence of gene expression. At least four distinct patterns of gene expression can be distinguished during exit from the dauer stage. Steady-state levels of hsp70 and polyubiquitin mRNA rise sharply within 75 min of recovery before declining by the fourth hour. Actin and histone mRNAs increase steadily following 2-4 hr of recovery, whereas myosin mRNA increases after 10 hr. In contrast, hsp90 mRNA declines sharply within the first 75 min of recovery. Changes in mRNA populations during dauer formation and exit may be physiologically relevant.
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PMID:Gene expression in the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva: developmental regulation of Hsp90 and other genes. 157 99

KC-764 (2-methyl-3-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinoyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, CAS 94457-09-7) was evaluated for the inhibition of platelet aggregation and prostanoid production in rats, rabbits and dogs, comparing with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Correlations between the inhibitory action and plasma concentration of KC-764 were examined in rabbits. KC-764 was 200 times more potent than ASA in inhibiting collagen-induced rabbit platelet aggregation and TXA2 production in vitro. KC-764 exhibited more selective inhibition of TXA2 production over PGI2 production than ASA. The ratio of IC50's of PGI2 production to TXA2 production of KC-764 was 175 in rats, 72 in rabbits and 65 in dogs, respectively. Such a selectivity was also confirmed ex vivo. The depression of plasma TXB2 levels was well correlated with the ex vivo antiaggregatory activity in rabbits at oral doses of KC-764 ranging from 0.02-1.5 mg/kg. The concentrations/in vitro inhibitory activity relationship was expressed by a sigmoid Imax model equation. The ex vivo antiplatelet activity and prostanoid production were reconstructed with Imax model equation using the simulated plasma drug concentrations and in vitro Imax model parameters in all animals. The relationship could be applied for the prediction of the inhibitory activity of KC-764 in humans. These results indicate that KC-764 is a potent, selective and reversible antiplatelet drug, being different from ASA.
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PMID:Antiplatelet effects of 2-methyl-3-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinoyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine in relation to its disposition in rats, rabbits and dogs. 158 79


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