Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study revealed that the tendencies towards depression, neurosis, and psychosomatic disorders have effects on oral symptoms. The total number of subjects was 102. The subjects were divided into two groups using the SDS (Self-rating Depression Scale): a control group of 66 subjects with an SDS value of less than 40, and a group of 36 subjects having depression tendencies with an SDS value of over 50. Most of the subjects in the depression tendency group showed symptoms of neurosis and psychosomatic disorders as well. The two groups were compared on the basis of their psychological characteristics, dosages of medicine taken, esthesis of mouth dryness, glossalgia, salivary flow rate, oral wettability, existence of dental cavities, and condition of the oral mucosa. No xerostomia at the mucobuccal fold was observed in the depression tendency group. However, there was an evident decrease of the resting salivary flow rate and the wettability of proglossis. It is considered that such a decrease resulted in an increase in the symptoms derived from xerostomia or esthesis of mouth dryness. The number of conservable but untreated dental cavities in the depression tendency group was larger than that in the control group with a significant difference, suggesting that both oral self-care and dental care management tended to be inadequate in the depression tendency group.
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PMID:[Influence of tendencies toward depression, neurosis and psychosomatic disorders on oral symptoms]. 1644 4

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a relatively new virus first isolated in China and is a member of the Aquareovirus genus of the Reoviridae family. Recent report of genomic sequencing showed that GCRV shared high degree of homology with mammalian reovirus (MRV). As a step of our effort to understand the structural basis of GCRV pathogenesis, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) structure of GCRV capsid at 17 A resolution by electron cryomicroscopy. Each GCRV capsid has a multilayered organization, consisting of an RNA core, an inner, middle and outer protein layer. The outer layer is made up of 200 trimers that are arranged on an incomplete T=13 icosahedral lattice. A characteristic feature of this layer is the depression resulting from the absence of trimers around the peripentonal positions, revealing the underlying trimers on the middle layer. There are 120 subunits in the inner layer arranged with T=1 symmetry. These structural features are common to other members of the Reoviridae. Moreover, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that GCRV virions contain seven structural proteins (VP1-VP7). These structural proteins have a high degree of sequence homology to MRV, consistent with the structural similarities observed in our study. The high structural similarities of isolated GCRV and MRV suggest that future structural studies focusing on GCRV entering into and replicating within its host cell are necessary in order to fully understand the structural basis of GCRV pathogenesis.
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PMID:3D reconstruction and capsid protein characterization of grass carp reovirus. 1648 38

Cotyledons of light-grown soybean (Glycine max L. var Wayne) seedlings were used as a model system to study the possibility that aging requires qualitative changes in protein synthesis. Cotyledons reached a final stage of senescence and then abscised about 22 days after imbibition. Cotyledon senescence was reversed at 20 days after germination by epicotyl removal. Thereafter, the cotyledons regained much of the chlorophyll, RNA, protein, and polyribosomes lost during aging.Total poly(A)mRNA was extracted from 4-, 12-, 20-day-old, and rejuvenated cotyledons and translated in a wheat germ system. Comparison of translation products on two-dimensional O'Farrell gels showed that many translation products increased in quantity during aging, while roughly half as many decreased. Rejuvenation returned the translation products to approximately 4-day-old levels in roughly half of those products which were diminished with age. Conversely, almost one-third of the products which had increased with age decreased with rejuvenation. None of the translation products were totally lost nor were newly synthesized products detected during aging. Therefore, aging in this system probably does not involve complete gene repression or depression. The observation that epicotyl removal causes a reversal in the levels of various proteins synthesized in vitro was corroborated by similar observations following in vivo labeling of cotyledon sections and analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Densitometric scans of fluorograms revealed a gradual shift in profiles of both in vitro and in vivo translation products during aging. Rejuvenated cotyledon proteins had a profile resembling that of 4-day-old cotyledons. The overall level of [(35)S]methionine incorporation into protein in vivo declined gradually during aging but was restored to 4-day-old levels within 2 days after epicotyl removal.
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PMID:Quantitative changes in in vitro and in vivo protein synthesis in aging and rejuvenated soybean cotyledons. 1666 20

The characteristics of methylphenidate (MPD) cases reported in a nationwide mental hospital survey on substance-related psychiatric disorders are studied compared to methamphetamine cases. Although the two groups did not differ in terms of age and sex, the MPD group revealed longer educational histories and lower antisocial traits. About half of the MPD group had a history of methamphetamine use and 30% had used the substance as the initial substance of abuse. They exhibited a general tendency toward multiple substance use. These results indicate that a significant number of MPD cases exist who used MPD as a substance alternative to methamphetamine and also suggest that they may potentially have a tendency to develop abuse or dependence. The MPD cases most likely had a psychiatric diagnosis of "Dependence syndrome (F15.2)," according to the ICD-10 guidelines. The SDS scores also indicated a more severe dependence syndrome, particularly psychological dependence, which they may possibly develop more quickly. An abundance of information for MPD abusers to utilize is available through the internet, including the pharmacological properties, such as increased sensation or elation through MPD intake and how and where to easily acquire the substance. They may even forge a prescription to obtain MPD. This behavior can be recognized as "substance-seeking behavior" in behavioral pharmacology terms, accompanied by craving based on psychological dependence on the substance, and can be very difficult to control. Little evidence exists regarding the effectiveness and necessity of MPD as a treatment for depression, and thus MPD prescriptions must be carefully considered by psychiatrists or physicians. The application of MPD as an antidepressant in the health insurance system must be re-examined as well.
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PMID:Characteristics of methylphenidate dependence syndrome in psychiatric hospital settings. 1673 76

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a psychosomatic disorder which onset and course is affected by psychological factors. It is also said that IBS symptoms and psychiatric symptoms are strongly related. In some reports, 29% of IBS patients consulting doctors were also diagnosed with major depression. There are also records that the consolidation of depression, panic disorder, and neurosis contributes to poor outcomes in serious cases of IBS. In this report, we have indicated the diagnosis and treatment of depression in primary care. For diagnosis, detailed medical interviews and use of psychological tests such as SDS or SRQ-D are recommended. Some types of anti-depressants are also effective for IBS symptoms as well as psychiatric problems. We suggest that treatment of psychological factors should also be considered when dealing with IBS.
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PMID:[Depression in patients of irritable bowel syndrome]. 1689 26

Previous reports suggest that massive hormonal changes that accompany the peripartum period may trigger perinatal depression. We investigated the relationship between magnitude of change and total level of estrogen and progesterone and grade of peripartal depression and depressive symptoms. One hundred and ninety two women were assessed in the 38th week of pregnancy (SDS scores), peripartum period (DSM-III-R diagnosis (n=105); SDS scores) and 6 months postpartum (EPDS; n=89) regarding diagnosis of depression, self-ratings of depressive symptoms and levels of estrogen and progesterone. The comparison of three diagnostic groups (lifetime major depressive disorder MDD (N=7), MDD at birth (N=12), healthy controls (N=70) showed that there were no differences in the magnitude of decline of estrogen and progesterone from day 1 to day 3 after birth . With respect to total levels of estrogen and progesterone, estrogen on day 3 was significantly higher [F(2,92)=6.6, p<0.05] in women with current MDD than in those with lifetime MDD or normal controls. Depression scores were significantly higher at the end of pregnancy (12.6% self-identified as depressed) than in postpartum period (5.8% day 3 p<.0004; 9.2% day 5 p<.008), whereas 13.3% of women received a DSM-III -R diagnosis for MDD 5 days postpartum. The results were in contrast to the current hypotheses of estrogen withdrawal or hypogonadal levels as an etiological factor for peripartum depression. But a limitation of the actual study is the low number of subjects with depression; therefore the current non-significant findings should be interpreted with great caution.
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PMID:The role of estrogen and progesterone in depression after birth. 1704 60

Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale were used to collect data from 195 Australian men who had received a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Analysis was via separate scales and also by combining both scales into a single unit to assess anxiety-depression and then analysing the underlying component structure of that unit. Applying Zung's recommended cutoff scores, 12% of the sample were classified as having clinically significant levels of anxiety and 16% had similar levels of depression. Factor analysis of the combined SAS and SDS indicated four major components which reflected a process of: loss of functional capacity, worthlessness and hopelessness, fear and somatic symptomatology. Implications for the effective assessment and treatment of anxiety and depression in prostate patients are discussed.
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PMID:An analysis of the psychometric profile and frequency of anxiety and depression in Australian men with prostate cancer. 1708 72

This study documents the prevalence of male childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and psychological sequelae in a sample of disaster workers deployed to the World Trade Center (WTC) site following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack. There are limited data on male CSA and its psychological impact, especially on a large non-treatment seeking sample. As part of a mandatory medical screening program, workers were assessed with well-validated and widely used clinician interview and self-report measures following their involvement in the restoration of services to Ground Zero and surrounding areas of lower Manhattan. Frequency of CSA measured by the Traumatic Events Interview (TEI) was 4.3% (n = 92). Clinician interview and self-report data were analyzed using t-tests, revealing statistically significant relationships (but not clinically meaningful scores) between CSA and scores on the CAPS, PCL, BDI, STAXI, and SDS. Further analyses revealed that individuals endorsing CSA were three-times more likely to score high (vs. low) on the BDI and CAPS. Since disaster workers traditionally summon images of strength and mastery, professionals may overlook CSA and symptoms of depression and PTSD in this population.
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PMID:Incidence of male childhood sexual abuse and psychological sequelae in disaster workers exposed to a terrorist attack. 1713 72

Immunomodulatory therapy with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) often leads to neuropsychiatric side effects, especially depression. An activation of the immune system is discussed to trigger neurotransmitter changes and depressive illness. So far, few data are available about biologic markers, who may predict the individual risk for developing depressive symptoms during IFN-alpha therapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive role of certain immunologic markers for the development of IFN-alpha-induced depression. We hypothesized that patients characterized by a proinflammatory and TH1-accentuated immune response before treatment might have an increased risk for developing depressive mood changes. Thirty-three melanoma patients were prospectively investigated during adjuvant treatment with IFN-alpha-2a/2b (3 x 3 Mio units/wk). Depressive mood changes were assessed with the self-rating depression scale (SDS, Zung-scale) before and during IFN-alpha treatment. Serum concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor-R1 (sTNF-R1), soluble interleukin-6R (sIL-6R), sIL-4R, and neopterin were measured before and after 3 months of treatment. sIL-6R, which was negatively associated with SDS scores, significantly predicted higher depression scores in the first 3 months of IFN-alpha treatment. sTNF-R1, which was positively associated with SDS scores, significantly predicted the development of late depressive symptoms after 6 months of therapy. In contrast to the initial hypothesis, patients characterized by high sTNF-R1 and low sIL-6R baseline levels, indicating an anti-inflammatory condition before therapy, had a higher vulnerability for depression during IFN-alpha therapy.
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PMID:Pretreatment levels of sTNF-R1 and sIL-6R are associated with a higher vulnerability for IFN-alpha-induced depressive symptoms in patients with malignant melanoma. 1741 24

Consumption rates of anxiolytic drugs, and especially of benzodiazepines, remain very high in France compared to other Western countries, whereas clinical guidelines limit their indications to short term treatments and only for some precise anxiety disorders. Recent epidemiologic surveys in the community indicated that more than 15% of people used once or more an anxiolytic drug in the past year. The issue of chronic treatments is particularly crucial because of their poor benefit/risk ratio in most anxiety disorders (limited efficacy, cognitive side effects, withdrawal and dependence problems). To address this important public health issue, and knowing that, in France, benzodiazepines are prescribed mainly by general physicians, our aims were to explore psychiatric diagnoses in GP's patients with chronic use of anxiolytic benzodiazepines. We included 4 425 patients consuming such drugs regularly for six months or more, and assessed their anxiety and depression symptoms through various clinical scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depressive scale - HAD, Clinical Global Impression scale - CGI, Sheehan Disability Scale - SDS, Cognitive Dependence to Benzodiazepines scale - CDB) and with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM IV criteria. Only 2.2% of the subjects had neither anxious nor depressive symptoms as indicated by low scores on both subscores (less than 8) of the HAD scale, used as a screener. Nearly three quarters of the 4,257 subjects (73.2%), had CGI scores of at least 5 (markedly ill to extremely ill). Social and familial disability was also high in more than 40% of the sample (marked to extreme disruption according to SDS scores). About half of the sample had CDB scores suggesting a benzodiazepine dependence. According to the MINI, 85.1% of the patients had at least one current DSM IV diagnosis of affective disorder. The most frequent diagnoses were major depressive episode (60%), generalized anxiety disorder (61.2%), and panic disorder (22.5%). An anxiety and depressive comorbidity wad found in 41.9% of the subjects. Some methodological limitations must be taken into account in the discussion of our results, and especially the fact that the included patients were not supposed to be totally representative of all patients consuming anxiolytic benzodiazepines in general practice. However, the size of our sample is sufficiently large to limit possible biases in patient selection. The main result of this study is that a great majority of the patients had significant symptomatology, in particular major depressive episodes and generalized anxiety disorder, often with marked severity and disability. These data are in line with the knowledge of a lack of efficacy of benzodiazepines in depressive and most anxiety disorders, despite long term treatment. They also confirm the current guidelines which recommend prescribing serotoninergic antidepressants, and not benzodiazepines, when long term treatments are needed for severe and chronic affective disorders. This epidemiologic study leads to the conclusion that a specific and attentive diagnostic assessment should be done in all patients receiving benzodiazepines for more than three months, in order to purpose in many cases other long term therapeutic strategies.
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PMID:[Anxiety and depressive disorders in 4,425 long term benzodiazepine users in general practice]. 1745 92


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