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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studying the contents of suicide notes might help to improve the understanding of individual cases whilst offering an opportunity to search for possible preventive guidelines. In a study in an Australian capital city, suicides for one year (1972-73) were investigated including the medical and psychiatric data where possible, and psychosocial circumstances in each case. The total number of suicides in the year was 135. Twenty-seven individuals left suicide notes of which 25 were available for examination. The mood as reflected in the notes was categorised in terms of depression and hopelessness, neutral affect and hostility. The affect was related to age, sex, marital status and method of suicide. The results are presented with examples of each category and are discussed with respect to their contribution to (i) understanding the cause of death, (ii) understanding the intention of the suicide, (iii) assisting the relatives in coping with the suicide, (iv) drawing attention to those factors where earlier intervention may have averted suicide.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1977 Sep
PMID:The significance of suicide notes. 27 Mar 39

The feasibility of employing a recently developed pulmonary assist membrane oxygenator for partial respiratory support in arteriovenous perfusion was studied using small mongrel dogs rendered hypoxic by oxygen depression. The unit is employed along with the conventional ventilation techniques (such as CPAP and PEEP) when the latter alone cannot maintain adequate gas exchange in the lung. The results indicate that poorly oxygenated arterial blood can be upgraded to life-sustaining levels when the bypass flow rate through the oxygenator is in the range of 18-33% of the total cardiac output. No cardiovascular derangements were noted at these arteriovenous flow rates for perfusion periods of four to six hours. The present results demonstrate the feasibility of providing partial support to pulmonary function using the pulmonary assist membrane oxygenator.
Int J Artif Organs 1978 Sep
PMID:Arteriovenous perfusion with the pulmonary assist membrane oxygenator. 27 77

During the Milton health survey subjects completed a psychometric inventory consisting of the 48 questions of the Middlesex Hospital questionnaire (MHQ) and 26 from the hostility and direction of hostility questionnaire (HDHQ) designed to examine nine psychological dimensions. The 1209 subjects were classified into smoking categories and the scores for each psychometric trait were calculated. Women scored higher than men and heavy smokers scored higher than "never smokers". The psychometric traits and the scores of the four smoking categories after correcting for age and Quetelet's index showed statistically significant differences by analysis of variance in respect of somatic anxiety and depression for both men and women; and free-floating anxiety, phobic anxiety, hysteria, acting out hostility, self criticism and guilt in women. For somatic anxiety the increase in score almost exactly paralleled the increasing quantity of tobacco consumed.
N Z Med J 1978 Sep 13
PMID:Smoking habit and psychometric scores: a community study. 28 Jul 99

Initiation ceremonials in traditional Papua New Guinea and North American Indian cultures serve important psychohygienic functions in establishing the youth's final identity and thereby warding off the frustration, anxiety, and depression which are associated with anomie and role confusion. Inititations in Papua New Guinea are presented as a process of social learning in which group consciousness and loyalty are established through revelation of ancestral secrets, testing by ordeals, and ego-stregthening rewards. Structually patterned archetypal collective symbols gain direct access to the young person's unconscious when skillfully transmitted in the initiatory psychodrama of death and rebirth. Medical complications occuring during initiation procedures are rare accidents which have to be weighed against the psychological and social benefits for individual and group. Initiation ceremonials help the young to achieve a sense of sexual and socio-cultural identity from which feelings of emotional security and social belonging are derived.
P N G Med J 1978 Sep
PMID:Initiation in Papua New Guinea: psychohygienic and ethnopsychiatric aspects. 29 Dec 35

Ninety-three children with a diagnosis of depression were admitted to a residential children's unit over a six-year period. Background and clinical data were analysed in order to identify correlates associated with the disorder and to examine the concept of 'depressive equivalents'. The results indicated that parental loss, particularly loss of father, through death or desertion, psychiatric illness in the parents and stressful events in early childhood were important concomitants of the disorder. The study also supported the current literature on 'depressive equivalents' and their expression in childhood.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1979 Sep
PMID:Depression in childhood. 1: Clinical correlates of depressed children admitted for treatment to a residential program. 29 80

Care and overprotection appear to reflect the principal dimensions underlying parental behaviours and attitudes. In previous studies of neurotically depressed patients and of a non-clinical group, subjects who scored their parents as lacking in care and/or overprotective had the greater depressive experience. The present study of another non-clinical group (289 psychology students) replicated those findings in regard to trait depression levels. In addition, associations between those parental dimensions and trait anxiety scores were demonstrated. Multiple regression analyses established that 9-10% of the variance in mood scores was accounted for by scores on those parental dimensions. Low maternal care scores predicted higher levels of both anxiety and depression, while high maternal overprotection scores predicted higher levels of anxiety but not levels of depression. Maternal influences were clearly of greater relevance than paternal influences.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1979 Sep
PMID:Reported parental characteristics in relation to trait depression and anxiety levels in a non-clinical group. 29 82

Lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in patients with confirmed multiple sclerosis using a new technique in which immunoglobulin bearing (lg+) cells are rosetted directly with purified anti-light chain antibody-coated human erythrocytes, while T cells are first sensitized with specific anti-human thymus antisera prepared in b4b4 rabbits, and then indirectly rosetted with purified anti-rabbit light chain allotype antibody-coated human erythrocytes. In 45 percent of the patients, there was a striking decrease in the percentage of T lymphocytes and a reciprocal elevation of lg+ and N cells. In another 20 percent, T cell depression was not accompanied by Ig+ elevation. The remaining 35 percent had normal lymphocyte profiles as did all patients with nondemyelinating neurologic diseases. However, we found no significant correlation between the lymphocyte profiles and prospective clinical evaluation of these patients and no correlation between alterations in lymphocyte profile and the presence of neuroelectric blocking factors in the peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients.
Neurology 1977 Sep
PMID:Lymphocyte subpopulations in multiple scerlosis: comparison with neuroelectric blocking activity. 30 31

Natural measles causes prolonged depression of cell-mediated immunity yet little is known as to how the infection influences lymphocyte function. Therefore, we studied the properties and function of lymphocytes during and after measles. The number and proportion of circulating thymus-derived lymphocytes was low during the acute stage of measles, and at this time 37% of these cells showed positive immunofluorescent staining for measles virus after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. 7% of B cells were shown to contain virus but their numbers did not alter during the infection. Acute-phase lymphocytes, when stimulated, yielded infective virus and half were killed on incubation with autologous serum and complement. In acute measles the increase in [(3)H]-thymidine uptake of lymphocytes when stimulated with an optimal dose of PHA was normal in media with 10% fetal calf serum and low in media containing 10% autologous serum: the mean values were 56.8+/-34.1 and 23.7+/-25.9 cpm x 10(3) per 10(6) lymphocytes, respectively. Stimulation of acute-phase lymphocytes by Candida antigen was also low in media containing autologous serum averaging 1.2 x 10(3) cpm per 10(6) lymphocytes. On recovery 4-6 wk later this rose significantly to 18.9+/-19.8. The mean migration index of leukocytes to heat-killed candida cells in acute measles was 0.84+/-SD 0.08, and this fell significantly to 0.75+/-SD 0.08 4 wk later. Thus, depletion of T cells, an inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation in the serum and a possible defect in antigen processing, interacts to depress cell-mediated immunity in measles.
J Clin Invest 1978 Sep
PMID:Cell-mediated immunity during natural measles infection. 30 11

The levels of B lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulins in human peripheral blood were measured by immunofluorescence after pre-treatment of the cells with a low pH shock or washing at 37 degrees C. It was found that the percentages of SIg-bearing cells in an individual varied throughout the day and showed a circadian rhythm with a peak at 12 midnight and a depression at 12 noon. In addition, the levels of the B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were shown to vary annually, being lower in the winter than in the summer.
Clin Exp Immunol 1978 Sep
PMID:Studies of surface immunoglobulins on human B lymphocytes. III. Physiological variations of SIg+ cells in peripheral blood. 31 Jul 41

Serum C3, C4 and total hemolytic complement (CH50) levels were measured for 21 children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 81 first degree relatives. The mean serum C4 and CH50 levels of the 12 relatives with antinuclear antibodies (ANA( were depressed to levels equal to those of the index cases. A similar depression was not found for C3, nor was there a depression of C3, C4, or CH50 in the relatives without ANA. If preexistent depression of C4 levels can be documented in the ANA-positive relatives of index cases, it may provide an explanation for the inherited predisposition to SLE in some families.
Arthritis Rheum 1979 Sep
PMID:Serum complement abnormalities in the antinuclear antibody-positive relatives of children with systemic lupus erythematosus. 31 91


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