Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1 In spinal cats anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose, a study was made of the effects of morphine and naloxone, administered electrophoretically from micropipettes, on the responses of dorsal horn neurones to noxious (raising of skin temperature above 45 degrees C) and innocuous (deflection of hairs) peripheral stimuli.2 Administered near cell bodies, morphine reduced the nociceptive responses of only 2 of 37 cells. Excitation occurred more commonly than depression and abnormalities in action potentials were commonly observed following ejection of morphine. None of these effects of morphine was antagonized by electrophoretically applied naloxone.3 Administered in the substantia gelatinosa from one micropipette while recording responses of deeper neurones with a second micropipette, morphine reduced the nociceptive responses of 15 of 19 neurones. Firing in response to deflection of hairs was not reduced by morphine. Depression of nociceptive responses by morphine was long lasting (>20 minutes). Naloxone ejected into the substantia gelatinosa or given intravenously in doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg antagonized the effects of morphine. The effectiveness of this dose of intravenous naloxone suggests that the concentrations of morphine in the substantia gelatinosa which reduced nociceptive responses were not unlike those present after analgesic doses of systemic morphine. Naloxone alone, and excitant and depressant amino acids ejected into the substantia gelatinosa had little effect on cell firing.4 Both the selective action of morphine on nociceptive responses and the reversal of this action by intravenous naloxone suggest that the opiate receptor present in the substantia gelatinosa is relevant to analgesia produced by opiates given systemically.
Br J Pharmacol 1977 Sep
PMID:Suppression of transmission of nociceptive impulses by morphine: selective effects of morphine administered in the region of the substantia gelatinosa. 19 11

An isotonic density gradient technique for separating mitochondria into two major components was applied to mitochondria isolated from young and old rats. Respiratory measuremtns indicate that the depression of state 3 respiration rates observed in the mitochondria from old rats when glutamate--malate is used as a substrate is due primarily to the faster sedimenting mitochondrial component.
Mech Ageing Dev 1978 Sep
PMID:Evidence for increased degeneration of mitochondria in old rats. A brief note. 21 55

In experiments on the isolated superior cervical sympathetic ganglia of rats with alloxan diabetes rhythmic stimulation of preganglionic nerves was effected; summation presynaptic spikes and EPSPs of ganglionic neurons were registered. In rats with moderately severe alloxan diabetes progressive depression of rhythmic ganglion potentials was connected with suppression of the mediator emission to the impulse due to rapid exhaustion of its operational fraction. Rats with severe diabetes displayed also postsynaptic suppression of the ganglionic neurons. Dynamic characteristics of the transmitter turnover assessed on the basis of consideration of the successive patterns of posttetanic potentiation showed insignificant changes in the mediator output and a significant (by 38%) suppression of the mediator reserve per sec in comparison with control.
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1978 Sep
PMID:[Mechanisms of inhibition of synaptic transmission in the sympathetic ganglia of rats with alloxan diabetes]. 21 35

1. The effects of phenol and phenyl glucuronide on the responses of normal rat brain adenyl cyclase to noradrenaline and dopamine have been investigated. Neurotransmitter responses have also been examined in brains from uraemic and normal rats. 2. A depressive effect of phenol on the adenosine 3' :5' -cyclic monophosphate response of the neostriatum to dopamine was shown to be completely abolished if the toxin was present in the conjugated form; the response of the cortex to noradrenaline was stimulated by the presence of phenyl glucuronide, even though the unconjugated form had no effect. 3. The uraemic state in the rat also resulted in a depression of the neostriatum response to dopamine, yet an enhancement of the cortical response to noradrenaline. 4. The action of phenols of the brain is relevant to hepatic and uraemic coma.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1978 Sep
PMID:Effect of unconjugated and conjugated phenol and uraemia on the synthesis of adenosine 3' :5' -cyclic monophosphate in rat brain homogenates. 21 46

The specific cellular immune response against Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was studied by the Leucocyte Inhibitory Factor (LIF) production test in three groups of subjects: 7 healthy individuals with no CMV antibodies, 4 with antibodies to CMV but without evidence of active infection, and 2 children with clinical CMV infection. Our results show that LIF production in presence of CMV is high in normal seropositive subjects, while it is strongly deficient in patients with active infection, despite a good humoral response to the virus. In one child with congenital infection, a low number of E rosette forming cells was also revealed. We suggest that CMV infection can induce, at least during infancy, a state of specific cellular unresponsiveness to the virus. When the infection is congenital, a generalized depression of the cellular immune system may develop.
Boll Ist Sieroter Milan 1978 Sep 30
PMID:Specific cellular unreactivity during cytomegalovirus infection in man. 21 76

Behavioral and psychophysiological correlates of irregularity in chronic sleep routines were studied. Two groups each of 18 healthy male university students were classified as either irregular sleepers or control subjects according to retrospective questionnaires, and sleep chart criteria. The control group was composed of persons who slept naturally from 12-8:00 a.m. for 7-8 hr. Irregular sleepers were defined as those whose retiring and awakening times varied by about 2-4 hr. Measurements were obtained from an auditory reaction time task, a mood adjective check list, of sublingual temperature and pulse rate 30 min. after awakening in the (a) morning, at (b) noon, in the (c) afternoon and (d) early evening following an electroencephalographically recorded 12-8:00 a.m. sleep night. At various points in the diurnal cycle irregular sleepers compared with the control group had significantly lower levels of pulse rate and body temperature, but significantly longer reaction times. During the four time periods negative affects (deactivation-sleep, depression, general deactivation, inert-fatigued) were significantly greater and positive mood states (cheerful, energetic, general activation--significantly less in the irregular sleepers. The irregular sleepers averaged significantly less stage 4, and REM, but more stage 2 and transitions between sleep stages. The present results indicate that relatively lowered levels of physiological arousal indexes, psychomotor performance and subjective mood are associated with irregularity in chronic sleep routines of young adult males. These psychobehavioral correlates of chronically maintained sleep pattern variations complement and extend previous findings on degradations in waking functions following acute 2-4 hr temporal shifts of habitual sleep periods. It is postulated that there were psychobehavioral deficits in the irregular sleepers attributable either to selective sleep stage (REM and/or stage 4) deprivation or to the more general consequence of disturbed sleeping patterns per se or to both of these factors.
Biol Psychol 1978 Sep
PMID:Behavioral and psychophysiological correlates of irregularity in chronic sleep routines. 21 42

Fluorescence techniques may be utilized to map changes in the distribution of mitochondrial redox states in heart and brain during ischemic or hypoxic stress. The basis of these techniques is the intrinsic fluorescence of reduced NADH and oxidized flavoprotein in mitochondria which respond to changes in critical oxygen supply. Ischemic areas in rabbit hearts induced by coronary ligation were detected and mapped based on the increase in NADH fluorescence in the ischemic zone. The width of the jeopardized normoxic tissue surrounding the ischemic area (less than 50--350 mu) was measured by combination of fluorescein angiography and NADH fluorescence. Areas of increased NADH fluorescence in gerbil brains after carotid artery ligation or induction of spreading depression were mapped in a similar manner. Intraoperative monitoring of flavoprotein fluorescence from human cerebral cortex after superficial temporal artery middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomoses demonstrated increased rates of cortical oxidative metabolism after the surgical procedures.
Crit Care Med 1979 Sep
PMID:Fluorescence mapping of mitochondrial redox changes in heart and brain. 22 13

Mouse spinal neurons grown in tissue culture were used to examine the membrane mechanisms of action of the peptide substance P. Two functionally distinct actions were observed, one being a rapidly desensitizing excitation, and the other being a dose-dependent, reversible depression of excitatory responses to the putative amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate. These effects on excitability suggest that substance P may play more than one role in intercellular communication in the nervous system.
Science 1979 Sep 28
PMID:Substance P: evidence for diverse roles in neuronal function from cultured mouse spinal neurons. 22 64

Spreading depression (SD) elicited in the cerebral cortex of anaesthetized rats does not penetrate into epileptic foci (penicillin) or cortical regions subjected to repetitive electrical stimulation (6--10 Hz, 0.05--0.01 msec). The extent of the SD block, monitored by the absence of the slow potential change and preservation of spontaneous and evoked EEG activity, can be varied in certain limits by changing the stimulus parameters. When the diameter of the block in the parietal cortex is reduced at a time when its temporal boundary is circumvented by an SD wave, propagating in the rostral direction, a strip of cortical tissue between the block and sagittal sulcus is opened for SD which spreads through this route from the frontal to the occipital cortex and starts reverberating around the block. Other methods for eliciting SD reverberation employ removal of an additional block in a section of the circular pathway and directionally biased propagation around the stimulation point. SD reverberation lasting for at least 3 cycles was observed 109 times (median number of completed cycles 5.2, average cycle duration 4.4 +/- 0.1 min). It is suggested that SD reverberation around an epileptic focus can account for slow oscillations of ictal and interictal discharge and for recurrent seizures.
Brain Res 1979 Sep 14
PMID:Circulation of cortical spreading depression around electrically stimulated areas and epileptic foci in the neocortex of rats. 22 11

Cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus, using the lymphocyte transformation test and interferon induction in lymphocytes, was studied in 59 patients from 1 day to 7 years after allotransplantation and compared with the results in normal subjects. Both parameters were permanently depressed with regard to cytomegalovirus. With herpes simplex virus, interferon production was also permanently depressed, whereas the transformation reaction was normal during the first year after transplantation and only slightly depressed in patients more than 1 year after transplantation. In 6 patients the above-mentioned assays and the complement fixation reaction were performed serially and related to the clinical signs of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infection. The relationship between depression of the transformation reaction and interferon production in lymphocytes and the occurrence of clinically evident herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infections was, however, equivocal. The humoral immune response to herpes simplex virus was measured by the complement fixation test and the more sensitive antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity reaction, and a good correlation was found between these two tests, although only a few persons were found to be negative in the antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity reaction. The suggestion is made that only a few adults are "true" herpes simplex virus seronegative.
J Clin Microbiol 1979 Sep
PMID:Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus in renal transplant patients. 22 63


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