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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Control and streptozotocin diabetic rats were studied at 5 and 12 days after induction of diabetes. Strontium absorption was measured by in situ perfusion of duodenum and ileum. Duodenal absorptive capacity (absorption per unit length) and absorptive specific activity (absorption per gram of dry weight mucosa) were depressed. Depression was present both at 5 days, when mucosal growth is similar in controls and diabetics, and at 12 days, when mucosal growth is 50% greater in diabetics. Effects of diabetes on ileal absorption were minimal in comparison with effects on duodenum. This depression of duodenal strontium absorption in the diabetic rat is analogous to effects of diabetes on calcium absorption and may be mediated by abnormal vitamin D metabolism.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1976 Sep
PMID:Effects of experimental diabetes on intestinal strontium absorption in the rat. 13 63

The authors have treated 55 deformities of the anterior chest wall in children. There were 37 cases of symmetrical pectus carinatum, 15 cases of asymmetrical pectus carinatum and 3 cases of pectus arcuatum. Associated lesions of the ribs, scapulae and spine are described. Treatment in every case was by plaster casts followed by a plaster jacket and exercises. The results were much more satisfactory in deformities associated with prominence than with depression of the sternum. In pectus carinatum, the results were better when the apex of the deformity was more distal. The best age for treatment was between 12 and 13 years. No patient was treated by operation.
Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 1977 Sep
PMID:[Conservative treatment of deformities of the anterior chest wall]. 14 4

1. The oxidation of linoleate by rat-liver mitochondria has been studied as a function of substrate concentration. The oxidation of other long-chain unsaturated fatty acids shows similar characteristics. 2. At low concentrations, linoleate is readily oxidized in the absence of carnitine. Its rate of activation by the intramitochondrial acyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.2) and subsequent oxidation is limited by the availability of intra-mitochondrial ATP. 3. A gradual increase of the linoleate concentration leads to (i) a strong depression of the rate of linoleate oxidation, and (ii) uncoupling of respiratory-chain phosphorylation together with induction of a mitochondrial ATPase activity. At still higher linoleate concentrations this ATPase activity is lowered rather than further stimulated and, concomitantly, the rate of linoleate oxidation increases again. 4. Evidence is presented that the inhibition by linoleate of the ATPase activity occurs at the level of the ATPase complex itself. This oligomycin-like effect of linoleate allows intramitochondrial linoleate activation to take place at the expense of ATP derived from substrate-level phosphorylation. 5. At very high concentrations of linoleate, its detergent action predominates and causes a complete inhibition of respiration as well as an extensive stimulation of an oligomycin-insensitive, Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity. 6. Measurement of the binding of radioactively labelled linoleate by isolated mitochondria shows that, at a given ratio of linoleate to mitochondrial protein, the ratio of bound to added linoleate is dependent on the concentration of the mitochondria.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1978 Sep 07
PMID:The oxidation of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids by isolated rat liver mitochondria as a function of substrate concentration. 15 Aug 57

Prior experiments showed that pulmonary congestion may initiate tachypnea from lung receptors and that left atrial distention has no significant effect on breathing, but in those experiments secondary reflexes could have determined the results. In this study we separately distended the entire pulmonary vascular bed, the arterial compartment, and the left atrium in dogs perfused and oxygenated by an external system while ventilating and while not ventilating the lungs. Distending pressures ranged from 20 to 70 Torr, and as output variables we measured the initial rate of inspiration, peak inspiratory magnitude, inspiratory duration, expiratory duration, and breathing frequency from the diaphragmatic electromyogram. Total vascular congestion caused prolongation of expiration and lowering of frequency without effect on inspiratory duration, its rate or magnitude. A smaller depression was induced from the arterial compartment. Left atrial distention, which failed to occur sufficiently often to be attributable to dogs in general, had much less effect. However, when a related change in breathing did occur, it was limited to a shortening of inspiratory duration.
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1978 Sep
PMID:Effects of pulmonary congestion and of left atrial distention on breathing in dogs. 15 70

Mice infected with T. congolense were monitored for numbers of parasites in peripheral blood, changes in spleen cell populations, immune depression and suppressor cell activity. Depression of B and T lymphocyte responses and the appearance of suppressor cell activity in spleens of infected mice paralleled the appearance of parasites in the peripheral blood. The immune depression was manifest before any visible changes in spleen cell populations occurred. Treatment of infected mice with the trypanocidal drug Berenil resulted in a rapid clearance of parasites from the peripheral blood, a parallel loss of immune depression and suppressor cell activity and a gradual return towards normal spleen cell composition. The splenic white pulp showed severe depletion following longstanding infection with T. congolense. However, following treatment with Berenil there was rapid repopulation of the white pulp and widespread active germinal centre formation.
Clin Exp Immunol 1979 Sep
PMID:Immune depression in trypanosome-infected mice. IV. Kinetics of suppression and alleviation by the trypanocidal drug Berenil. 15 93

Patients receiving diagnoses of 'psychotic' and 'neurotic' depression do not differ significantly in their pre-morbid experience of life events and difficulties of aetiological significance. Some aetiological differences emerge when the two groups are subdivided into their more and less extreme halves along a distribution of discriminant function scores, but these differences are not substantial. Reallocation of the extreme 20% of each diagnostic group (who are likely misclassifications) into the other group tends to enlarge these 'aetiological' differences but they are still slight. Comparison of 'endogenous' patients (those without severe life events or major difficulties) with 'reactive' patients reveals a slight tendency for the 'endogenous' group to have a higher frequency of psychotic-type symptoms. Apart from age and experience of 'past loss', no further significant differences were found in the background characteristics of depressed patients diagnosed as 'psychotic' and those diagnosed 'neurotic'.
J Affect Disord 1979 Sep
PMID:Psychotic and neurotic depression. Part 3. Aetiological and background factors. 16 3

Operational criteria for depression in children were derived from diagnostic criteria designed for adults. These criteria were applied to a series of outpatients and inpatients on a Child Psychiatry Service. Thirteen per cent of girls and 5% of boys admitted to the clinic met the criteria for depression. (For this calculation autistic, brain-damaged and seriously retarded were excluded from the clinic population.) The frequencies of criterion symptoms and some related symptoms are reported. Generally the data suggest that the significant depression does occur as an independent syndrome in children, it is relatively common in a clinic population and it does not differ obviously from depression in adults.
J Affect Disord 1979 Sep
PMID:The diagnosis of depression in children. 16 4

Cultures of dispersed spleen cells, prepared from MDV-infected chickens with MD visceral lymphomas, showed marked depression of responsiveness to the T cell mitogen PHA, as measured by 3H-Tdr incorporation in cells in vitro. When data are expressed quantitatively in terms of cpm/10(5) viable cells, the functional depletion of PHA-responsive cells appear to result from lower levels of 3H-Tdr incorporation in the PHA-stimulated spleen cultures from chickens with acute MD symptoms, as compared to similar cultures from uninfected isolator-reared control chickens. It is suggested that depression of PHA-induced blastogenesis is spleen cell cultures from chickens with acute MD reflects virus-related alterations in T lymphocytes.
J Immunol 1975 Sep
PMID:Depression of in vitro responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin in spleen cells cultured from chickens with Marek's disease. 16 67

Lithium (Li+) chloride, 2 to 3 mEq. per kilogram of body weight, was administered intraperitoneally to normal Wistar rats daily for 4 to 66 days. This resulted in a marked reduction in urine osmolality (Uosm.) and increase in the excretion of water, Na+, K+, uric acid, and phosphate. The excretion of uric acid and potassium was a direct function of UNaV. The magnitude of depression in urine osmolality was significantly related to the rate of excretion of lithium in the urine, suggesting that the change in water reabsorption is dependent on the presence of the ion in the luminal side of the tubule. During 2 per cent saline diuresis, Li+-treated rats achieved less fractional free water reabsorption (TcH2O/GFR times 100) at any level of fractional osmolar clearance (Cosm./GFR times 100) than normal rats. On the other hand, during 0.225 per cent saline diuresis, fractional free water clearance (CH2O/GFR times 100) was normal over a wide range of fractional urine flow (V/GFR times 100), indicating intact function of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. The intravenous infusion of vasopressin (VP) or dibutyryl cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (dcAMP) to Li+-treated rats resulted in a modest rise in Uosm. and a reduction in V/GFR times 100 and CH2O/GFR times 100. Although the response to VP appeared earlier than that to dibutyryl cyclic-AMP, the magnitude of the changes in Uosm., V/GFR times 100, and CH2O/GFR times 100 was eventually the same with both substances. Comparison between normal and Li+-treated rats revealed that the response to both VP and dibutyryl cyclic-AMP was blunted, albeit to a greater extent in the former. Inhibition by Li+ of adenylate cyclase will only partially explain the present data. Impairment in the release of endogenous VP or a block distal to the formation of cyclic-AMP must have played a role. In view of a normal diluting capacity and the increase in the excretion of phosphate and uric acid, it is suggested that Li+, when administered chronically in the present doses, inhibits proximal tubular reabsorption.
J Lab Clin Med 1975 Sep
PMID:Renal effects of lithium administration in rats: alterations in water and electrolyte metabolism and the response to vasopressin and cyclic-adenosine monophosphate during prolonged administration. 16 79

Combining a lightweight telemetric mobility sensing system with nightly EEG-sleep recordings, the authors obtained continuous monitoring of rest-activity cycles among psychiatric patients hospitalized for primary depression or acute schizophreniform thought disorder. The patients with primary depression had a significantly higher percentage of their total 24-hour motor activity distributed during the night. Furthermore, this increased nocturnal motor activity did not correlate significantly with concurrent EEG-sleep measures of wakefulness. Indeed, the best predictors of wakefulness were measures of daytime activity. This desynchronization of sleep and nighttime motor activity in primary depression may explain the need for combined pharmacotherapy in some severely depressed patients. The authors suggest that expressing activity as a percentage distribution function, rather than in terms of absolute amplitude, provides an objective diagnostic index of depression.
Am J Psychiatry 1975 Sep
PMID:Psychomotor activity as a correlate of Depression and sleep in acutely disturbed psychiatric inpatients. 16 89


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