Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When plasma proteins are diluted with buffer the ionic strength and ionic composition of that buffer affects the interactions between thyroxine (T4) and its plasma protein-binding sites. Increases in phosphate, chloride or barbiturate ion concentration from 50 to 200 mmol/l caused a significant decrease in the affinity of plasma proteins for T4, and a concurrent increase in the concentration of unbound T4. These results cannot be completely accounted for by changes in ionic strength since at the same ionic strength different anions caused quantitatively different effects on unbound T4 concentration. The degree of depression of T4 binding by the three anions studied was in the order barbiturate greater than chloride greater than phosphate. The results of a systematic study on the composition of diluent buffer systems indicated that when a 50 mM-sodium phosphate-100 mM-NaCl buffer (pH 7-4) was used as a plasma diluent, there were unlikely to be gross changes in the T4-binding properties of plasma proteins with dilution.
J Endocrinol 1975 Sep
PMID:Effect of ionic strength and ionic composition of assay buffers on the interaction of thyroxine with plasma proteins. 0 Apr 47

1 -- Respiratory depression has been studied in the no anaesthetized rabbit by analysis of the blood gases after an injection of Piritramide (R 3365) and dehydrobenzperidol. 2 -- The respiratory depression induced by Piritramide alone is less important after an injection of dehydrobenzperidol; the most interessant cases are: -- mixture dehydrobenzperidol 400 mug/kg. Pirittramide 1000 mug/kg; --dehydrobenzperidol (400 mug/kg) injected 15 minutes before Piritramide (1000 mug/kg). 3 -- The addition of Dehydrobenzperidol does not take the analgesic activity of Piritramide decrease by it increases it.
Ann Anesthesiol Fr 1975 Sep
PMID:[Combination of R3365 (piritramide) and dehydrobenzperidol in animals. Respiratory effects and analgesia]. 0 63

Several experiments conducted by our group over a period of 6 years have shown that nutritional stress, especially protein and/or calorie deprivation, leads to many, often dramatic, changes in the immune responses of mice, rats, and guinea pigs. Chronic protein deprivation (CPD) has been shown to create an enhancing effect on the cell-mediated immune responses of these animals. Humoral responses under CPD conditions were most often found to be depressed, but sometimes were unaffected, depending on the nature of the antigen employed. Chronic protein deprivation, consistent with the pattern just mentioned, improved tumor immunity by depressing production of B-cell blocking factors, and, in at least one instance, resistance to development of mammary adenocarcinoma in C3H mice was associated with evidence of increased numbers of T suppressor cells. Profound nutritional deficits (less than 5% protein per total daily food intake) depressed both cellular and humoral immunity. Early, though temporary, protein deprivation caused a long-term depression of both cellular and humoral immunity also, with the humoral component being the first to recover. Manipulation of protein and calories was found to have a profound effect on certain autoimmune conditions. Diets high in fat and low in protein favored reproduction but shortened the life of NZB mice, whereas diets high in protein and low in fat inhibited development of autoimmunity and prolonged life. Chronic moderate protein restriction permitted NZB mice to maintain their normally waning immunologic functions much longer than mice fed a normal protein intake. Further, the low-protein diet was associated with a delay in development of manifestations of autoimmunity. Decreasing dietary calories by a reduction of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins more than doubled the average life span of (NZB X NZW)F1 mice, a strain prone to early death from autoimmune disease. Histopathologic studies using immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that the development of the renal lesions caused by the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes, which is so characteristic of these mice, was markedly delayed.
Am J Pathol 1976 Sep
PMID:Nutritional deficiency, immunologic function, and disease. 0 88

Fifty healthy mothers, with normal placental function, were anaesthetised with ketamine for Caesarean section. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide, oxygen, muscle relaxants and controlled ventilation. Surgery was conducted in the lateral tilt position. Arterial blood samples were drawn from the mothers, and from the vessels of a double clamped section of umbilical cord, for blood-gas analysis. Results obtained were compared with those of a previous series anaesthetised with thiopentone, nitrous oxide, oxygen and muscle relaxants. Eight infants were clinically depressed, judged on the basis of their modified Apgar score 2 minutes after delivery. The average time to sustained respiration (TSR) was 58.1 seconds. The mean maternal pH and base excess values in the ketamine group were significantly greather than those reported after thiopentone anaesthesia. Mean Uv and Ua pH levels were also significantly higher after ketamine; in contrast, the average fetal base excess values did not differ from those obtained previously with thiopentone. The mean (Ma-Uv) and (Ma-Ua), pH gradients were 0.019 and 0.025 pH units greater respectively in the ketamine group compared to the thiopentone (P less than 0.005). The average (Uv-Ua) PO2 gradient was 3.4 mmHg less after ketamine anaesthesia (P less than 0.005). A significant inverse correlation was observed relating the I-D interval to the Ma and Ua pH values. Maternal arterial base deficit values appeared to increase with delay in delivering the fetus. Prolongation of the uterine incision to delivery (U-D) interval was associated with a decrease in Ua pH and base excess values. (Ma-Ua) pH and base excess gradients increased with lengthening of the U-D interval. No convincing evidence of awareness during anaesthesia was found during the study. Five patients, appeared to be hallucinated in the immediate post-anaesthetic period. Unpleasant dreams were reported in 5 instances. In this study ketamine appeared to be unassociated with significant biochemical asphyxia, but may have been responsible for some element of drug induced neonatal depression. In view of our own experience and that of other workers, it is suggested that ketamine induction for Caesarean section should be re-evaluated using a lower dose of the drug.
Anaesthesia 1976 Sep
PMID:Anaesthesia for Caesarean section with ketamine. 0 39

It was discovered that the product of a mix containing the enzyme creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and either glutathione (GSH) or cysteine caused platelets to adhere together in vitro. This platelet adhesive factor (PAF) was formed as CPK enzyme activity declined. An alternative method for the destruction of enzyme activity--heat at 56 degrees C--also resulted in the formation of an in-vitro active PAF which was both less stable and active than its chemically produced counterpart. Assay of the platelet adhesive potency of the CPK-GSH mix, using human platelets, revealed a wide variation in the response of different individuals' platelets to standard quantities of PAF. The nature of this preparation of PAF was investigated by both biochemical and biophysical means, including ion exchange chromatography, electrophoresis, amino acid analysis and analytical ultracentrifuge studies. Evidence is presented that PAF is the product of the disruption of the dimeric structure of the CPK molecule. PAF was found to adhere to paper, under the conditions of electrophoresis imposed, and also to cause sephadex beads to bind together, characteristics which suggested that the platelet adhesion reaction was probably a biophysical process. Red and white cells were not similarly affected. The feasibility of this novel concept for the initiation of platelet adhesion, as a naturally occurring process, was supported by the results of animal experiments in which a statistically depression of platelets in the systemic circulation followed the intravascular administration of PAF. The possible relevance to man of this basic mechanism in relation to exercise and disease processes, including ideopathic and post-traumatic thrombosis, atherogenesis, and dysbaric aseptic necrosis of bone, is discussed.
J Pathol 1976 Sep
PMID:The formation of a platelet adhesive factor by disruption of the creatine phosphokinase molecule. 1 Mar 63

The substituted benzylamin-derivative fominoben (PB 89 Noleptan) was intravenously administered to 12 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease in order to determine, whether an analeptic action on respiration, which had been found by others in animal studies and in healthy subjects, can also be demonstrated in patients with COLD. Time ventilation showed no statistically significant change. Respiratory rate was increased for a short time, alveolar ventilation showed a slight but significant increase 35 minutes after i.v. injection of fominoben, however no significant change in the first 10 minutes after injection.--Arterial pO2 was slightly but not significantly increased in the first 10 minutes after fominoben, while the same patients showed a significant decrease of pO2 after injection of placebo. As alveolar ventilation at this time had not significantly changed, the increase in pO2 can only be explained by an improvement of regional ventilation-perfusion ratio by fominoben. -In conclusion it can be stated, that a marked stimulative action on respiration by fominoben could not be demonstrated. There was, however, no depression of respiration as it is associated with most other caugh medications. As the drug has been shown to be an excellent caugh sedative, lack of respiratory depression can be considered as a considerable advantage.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 1976 Sep
PMID:[Effect of fominoben on ventilation, oxygen uptake and blood gases in patients with obstructive ventilation disorders]. 1 14

Two patients with clinically mild congenital myopathies presented with chronic respiratory failure. Muscle weakness alone could not account for the respiratory insufficiency since static respiratory pressures were not markedly impaired, ventilation during exercise was normal, and daytime ventilation was normal if ventilatory assistance was provided at night. The ventilatory responses to inhaled carbon dioxide were very low, suggesting that impairment of the central nervous respiratory chemoreceptor contributed to hypoventilation. These patients and others described in the literature suggest that central depression of ventilation may occur more frequently than previously recognized in patients with muscular disorders. Patients with chronic respiratory failure due to central depression of respiratory drive can be effectively managed by assisted ventilation at night.
Am J Med 1977 Sep
PMID:Blunted respiratory drive in congenital myopathy. 1 71

Bipolar manic-depressive illness is a chronic disease in which patients experience recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Patients often change from a nonverbal, retarded depression of many months' duration to a hyperactive, psychotic, manic condition during the switch. The time required for the switch from depression into mania varies from 5 minutes to a couple of days. Just before it happens, pateints experience marked insomnia and decreased rapid eye movement sleep. It is hypothesized that specific changes in brain monoamine metabolism precede the switch. Alterations in neurotransmitter metabolites, as measured in urine and cerebrospinal fluid, may precede and accompany it. The switch into mania can be precipitated by environmental stresses or by drugs that act by increasing functional brain monoamines. Drugs that reverse the manic state all share the common property of affecting biogenic amines. The switch into mania is viewed in the context of a longitudinal cyclic process and may be further studied with specific pharmacologic agents that block drug-induced maniclike states in man.
Ann Intern Med 1977 Sep
PMID:The switch process in manic-depressive psychosis. 2 15

Subtetanic contractions of the guinea-pig isolated soleus, a slow-contracting skeletal muscle, were evoked by transmural field-stimulation. Isoprenaline caused a dose-dependent depression of the contractions. This effect was inhibited by propranolol and H 35/25 (1-(p-tolyl-2-isopropylamino-1-propanol) but not by practolol. Similar results were obtained for terbutaline. Tazolol and H 80/62 (1-isopropylamino-3-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-propanol (HCl), selective beta1-agonists, had no effect per se but inhibited the effect of terbutaline. Adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine all caused a dose-dependent decrease in the force of the soleus contractions, their potencies being in that order. Tyramine did not appreciably affect the contractions nor did it inhibit the effect of terbutaline. Pretreatment with reserpine, if anything, increased the response to terbutaline. It is concluded, in conformity with previous in vivo studies, that the adrenergic receptor mediating the effect on the soleus muscle contractions is of the beta2-type. Indirect sympathomimetic effects do not contribute to the responses observed on the isolated soleus muscle.
J Pharm Pharmacol 1977 Sep
PMID:Analysis of the beta-receptor mediated effect on slow-contracting skeletal muscle in vitro. 2 Dec 60

It is described that the acute confusional state in elderly people can be regarded as the combination of a catastrophe-reaction, superimposed on the primary symptoms of an underlying physical disorder. The catastrophe-reaction, the secondary symptoms, are described as the manifestation of the failure of the hypothalamo-hypophyso-adrenocortical axis, comparable with a relative glucocorticosteroid deficiency. The therapy of an acute confusional state should aim at the treatment of the underlying physical disorder and at the treatment of the catastrophereaction by injecting intramuscularly for two days high doses of methyl-prednisolon. It is demonstrated that frequently in elderly people a subacute confusion can be developed, due to a catastrophe-reaction, superimposed on an underlying masked depression. A combined treatment, giving for two days high doses of methyl-prednisolon in order to treat the catastrophe-reaction and giving low doses of tricyclic anti-depressants to treat the depression, seems to result in amazing improvement.
Aktuelle Gerontol 1977 Sep
PMID:[Acute confusional states in the elderly (author's transl)]. 2 77


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