Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pregnant hamsters were administered (SC) prostaglandin or vehicle on the morning of the 4th day of pregnancy. Serum progesterone was significantly depressed (p less than .01) at 0.5, 2, and 6 hours after treatment with 100 microgram PGF2alpha. Serum progesterone levels were unchanged 2 hours and 6 hours after treatment with 100 microgram PGF2beta and 2 hours after treatment with 1 mg PGF2beta. Progesterone levels were depressed to less than 1 ng/ml 6 hours after treatment with 1 mg PGF2beta. The specific uptake of 3H-PGF2alpha in whole hamster corpora lutea was significantly depressed 2 hours and 6 hours following 100 microgram PGF2alpha treatment. A 15% depression in specific uptake occurred 0.5 hour post-treatment. Treatment with 100 microgram PGF2beta resulted in no change. Administration of 1 mg PGF2beta resulted in depressed 3H-PGF2alpha uptake at both 2 and 6 hours post-treatment. Prostacyclin (PGI2) treatment resulted in no change in either 3H-PGF2alpha specific uptake or serum progesterone 2 hours after 100 microgram treatment SC. These parameters were both reduced approximately 30% 6 hours post-treatment. Treatment with 6-keto-PGF1alpha resulted in a complete lack of measurable 3H-PGF2alpha uptake and serum progesterone levels less than 1 ng/ml at both 2 and 6 hours after treatment with 1 mg SC.
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PMID:Effect of in vivo prostaglandin treatment on 3H-PGF2alpha uptake in hamster corpora lutea. 36 47

The influence of progesterone on gestagen upon stress reactions and the metabolism of the biogenic amines, noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT), were evaluated. For the 1st experiments, the 54 subjects ranged in age from 18 to 30 years. Of these, 19 (35%) had reported premenstrual tension, depression, or somatic complaints. After a preliminary interview the Moss Menstrual Distress Questionnarie and the Eysenck Personality Inventory were completed. Each subject was subsequently seen at Day 8 before predicted menstruation and 1 day before menstruation. At each session, blood samples were taken for progesterone assay. The patients sat in a darkened room and were asked to memorize words heard from a tape recording while being given a mild electric shock. The morning after the session, subjects completed the Scale of Well-Being. Psychic difficulty shortly before menstruation was higher in 49 subjects; in 16.3% of these it was severe. Only 10.2% had a negative effect. There was a correlation between the different tests. Only in the medroxyprogesterone-treated group was there a significantly higher reaction to stress on Day 1 before menstruation than a week earlier. There were large individual variations. For studies of the effects of progesterone on NA metabolism, Sprague-Dawley rats which had been ovariectomized 3 weeks earlier, were given progesterone 20 mg/kg sc on 2 consecutive days. These animals were injected with tritiated NA intracisternally and underwent a stress procedure. 3 hours after the intracisternal injection, rats were killed and tritiated-NA and its metabolites estimated. Progesterone injections did not influence NA turnover or percentage distribution of tritiated-NA and its metabolites in unstressed rats but did increase 5-HT turnover. In stress-altered 5-HT metabolism an effect of progesterone was shown. Footshock also raised endogenous progesterone levels.
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PMID:Influence of progesterone on serotonin metabolism: a possible causal factor for mood changes. 56 84

Daily doses of 10 mg of progesterone were administered to 45 rats in various stages of pregnancy and 10 rats in lactation. After 3 days of this treatment material was taken. In pregnancy, before prepartum the progesterone failed to influence fetal development. During preparatum it led to the prolongation of the period of pregnancy. By the 25th day, it caused the intrauterine death of the fetus in 100% of the cases. Progesterone administered during lactation caused an increase in the level of lactic acid. Exogenous progesterone also caused a depression of the secretory activity of the corpora lutea, but without any change in the function of the interstitial cells. It caused metabolic disturbances through the interuption of formation of the secretory vacuoles, reduction of the plate complex of the Golgi function, and a sharp depression of lipid synthesis. Mitochondria tended to disintegrate. Comparative morphological analysis of the corpora lutea under these conditions confirmed the theory that progestins and estrogens are produced separately by 2 types of secretory cells.
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PMID:[Effect of large doses of progesterone on pregnancy, lactation and morphology of the corpora lutea]. 84 81

Concentrations of progesterone and oestrogens were determined by radioimmunoassay in the peripheral blood of 22 Percheron and Breton breed mares from the 6th day of oestrus to the 150th day of pregnancy. Periodical variation patterns for the mean values of oestrone, oestradiol 17beta and total oestrogens in the cycling mares were found, with two peaks on the third day before and the 15th day after ovulation, and one depression on the 6th day of oestrus. In pregnant mares, the concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol 17beta increased rapidly (P less than 0.05) after Day 105 of gestation. Progesterone levels declined after Day 18 of the cycle in cycling mares, whereas they increased in the pregnant mares. Marked changes in the ratio of total oestrogen to progesterone concentrations were found in cycling mares, especially at oestrus, but in pregnant mares the ratio always remained below 1.00.
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PMID:Studies on serum oestrogen and progesterone levels during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in mares. 86 3

Bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity is enhanced in pregnant laboratory animals and in progesterone-pretreated isolated cardiac tissues. Ropivacaine is a new local anesthetic chemically related to bupivacaine. Although clinically equipotent with bupivacaine, ropivacaine is less cardiodepressant. Progesterone levels are elevated during pregnancy, and exogenously increasing progesterone levels in rabbits has increased bupivacaine's depressive effects on excitability. In neural tissues, bupivacaine's increased onset of block and depression of compound action potentials in tissues from progesterone-treated animals was similar to its effect in nerves from pregnant animals. This study determined whether exogenously increased progesterone levels can increase myocardial sensitivity to ropivacaine. Female ovariectomized rabbits were pretreated with progesterone for 4 days. After killing, the hearts were removed and Purkinje fibers (PFs) and ventricular muscle (VM) action potential parameters recorded. Tissues from animals receiving either progesterone or placebo were exposed to either ropivacaine or bupivacaine at concentrations ranging from 3.5 to 18.7 microM. Preparations were routinely paced at 2 Hz except where rate-dependent effects on the maximal rate of depolarization of phase zero (Vmax) were determined. Progesterone increased depression of myocardial Vmax only to bupivacaine (P less than 0.05). Ropivacaine was generally 3-5 times less potent in depressing cardiac electrophysiologic parameters. Bupivacaine demonstrated rate-dependent depression of Vmax that at higher frequencies was greater than ropivacaine's effects (P less than 0.05). Ropivacaine is less cardiodepressant than bupivacaine in this isolated PF-VM preparation. Exogenously increasing progesterone levels in vivo does not increase ropivacaine's depression of myocardial Vmax in isolated PF-VM tissues as it does to bupivacaine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of progesterone on the cardiac electrophysiologic alterations produced by ropivacaine and bupivacaine. 141 71

Progesterone is the most widely used treatment for premenstrual syndrome. To answer definitely the question of whether progesterone suppositories are effective for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study of 168 women, receiving progesterone in doses of 400 and 800 mg or placebo, was carried out. Premenstrual symptoms were not significantly improved by progesterone compared with placebo in any measure used in the study, including daily symptom reports maintained throughout treatment, clinician evaluation of improvement, and patient global reports of symptoms severity, relief, and disruption of daily activity. No symptom cluster or individual symptom differed significantly between progesterone and placebo treatment. These treatment results were not significantly affected by fluctuations in response during the placebo washout period, pretreatment levels of depression or anxiety at either postmenstrual or premenstrual times, or any of 19 other background, medical history, or symptom variables examined individually as covariates with treatment.
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PMID:Ineffectiveness of progesterone suppository treatment for premenstrual syndrome. 236 36

The respiratory control center receives afferent stimuli from mechanical and neuromechanical sources. Information from both these sources, combined with voluntary and involuntary CNS control, effects stimulation of the respiratory muscles. In the infant, insufficiency of one or more of these elements of the respiratory control center is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic manipulation may provide a means of intervention. The xanthine derivative theophylline has been successfully used in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and apnea in the infant. Naloxone, an endorphin antagonist, is widely used for the reversal of narcotic-induced respiratory depression but has not been shown to be clinically effective for either severely or moderately asphyxiated infants. Although doxapram has not been extensively studied and lacks an oral preparation, it is a potentially viable therapy in the treatment of refractory apnea and congenital hypoventilation syndromes. Almitrine's success in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has not been duplicated in infants with similar respiratory impairments. Progesterone and prostaglandin, although proved to influence respiratory activity, should be regarded as very experimental therapeutic modalities.
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PMID:Pharmacologic manipulation of the respiratory control center in the infant. 219 44

Hormonal and clinical evaluation was performed in eleven females with diagnosis of pseudocyesis. Plasma levels of pituitary gonadotropins (FSH-LH), progesterone, estradiol and thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH) under basal conditions were measured through radioimmunoassay. Diagnosis of pseudocyesis was made according to the following criteria: a) secondary amenorrhea (greater than 12 weeks); b) two or more symptoms of gestation; c) conviction of being pregnant; d) negative HCG or pelvic ultrasound study. The circulation levels of gonadotropins were within normal limits. Progesterone exhibited a ovulatory pattern and thyroid hormones were normal for every instance. Once case had slight hyperprolactinemia (26.0 ng/ml) with impaired gonadotropin production and ovulatory progesterone. All patients had galactorrhea. The psychological study disclosed a tendency toward depression. Our findings partially confirmed previous observations, differing basically on that we observed normal hormonal trend.
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PMID:[Pseudocyesis: clinical and hormonal evaluation]. 251 25

The present experiments examined the effects of progesterone on adrenergic receptor coupling to adenylate cyclase in hypothalamic and preoptic area slices by monitoring norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated increases in cAMP accumulation. Progesterone treatment of estrogen-primed rats decreased NE-induced slice cAMP accumulation. The reduced cAMP response was estrogen-dependent since it was not demonstrable in slices from rats exposed to progesterone without prior estrogen priming. Neither generalized increases in phosphodiesterase activity nor decreases in the catalytic activity of adenylate cyclase could account for the reduced ability of NE to stimulate cAMP accumulation in hypothalamic slices. Moreover, the cAMP response to two other activators of adenylate cyclase, adenosine and vasoactive intestinal peptide, was not decreased in slices from rats treated with estrogen plus progesterone. Selective adrenergic agonists and antagonists were employed to determine which adrenergic receptors mediate cAMP accumulation in progesterone-exposed slices. Slice cAMP levels were elevated by the beta receptor agonist isoproterenol but not by alpha 1 (phenylephrine) or alpha 2 (clonidine) agonists. However, clonidine potentiated the effect of isoproterenol on slice cAMP formation whereas phenylephrine did not. Likewise, NE-stimulated cAMP accumulation was completely antagonized only by a combination of both beta (propranolol) and alpha 2 (yohimbine) antagonists. The data suggest that in slices from estrogen plus progesterone-treated rats, alpha 2 receptors contribute significantly to NE stimulation of cAMP accumulation. The overall depression of the cAMP response to NE in progesterone-exposed slices may involve a decrease of alpha 1 receptor facilitation of cAMP synthesis.
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PMID:Progesterone depression of norepinephrine-stimulated cAMP accumulation in hypothalamic slices. 254 2

The antiepileptic effect of progesterone, 5-alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, 3-alpha-hydroxy-5-alpha-pregnane-20-one, and 3-alpha-hydroxy-5-beta-pregnane-20-one were tested in an experimental animal model, and compared with the effect of clonazepam. The steroids were dissolved in serum from ovariectomized cats. Ovariectomized adult cats were used and spontaneous epileptic discharges were generated by placing small pieces of penicillin-soaked filter papers on the ipsi and contralateral cerebral cortex. The frequency and amplitude of the interictal epileptiform spikes were recorded, and analysed in a computer. The changes in frequency and amplitudes were calculated. The drugs were infused during 20-s periods into one cerebral hemisphere via the ipsilateral lingual artery with speeds of 1.1, 3.4 and 6.3 ml min-1. A penicillin focus on the contralateral hemisphere served as a simultaneous control. Progesterone and clonazepam showed similar inhibitory effects on epileptiform interictal spiking (median reduction of spike frequency 21%, cf. Table I). The 5-alpha-pregnane-3, 20-dione was generally less potent than progesterone (median reduction 9%) and the 5-alpha- and 5-beta-pregnanolones were two to three times more potent than progesterone (54-66% reduction). The latency of the inhibitory effect was 4-10 s measured from the entrance of the infusion into the lingual artery. The depression lasted 10-20 min. It is concluded that the pregnanolones have strong antiepileptic properties. The rapid onset of effect indicates that the steroids may interact with the neuronal function at the membrane or synaptic levels.
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PMID:The effect of progesterone and its metabolites on the interictal epileptiform discharge in the cat's cerebral cortex. 367 11


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