Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

175 women of reproductive age, with hirsutism of differing degrees and different pathogenetic causes (ovarian, adrenal, iatrogenic) or idiopathic, and acne were treated with two different combinations of Cyprotrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol (SH 8.1041 and SH B209AB). 90 patients were given SH 8.1041 and 10 were given SH B209AB. 75 received both preparations. The total number of treatment cycles was 1534. Clinical, hormonal and biochemical assessments were made before, during and after treatment. The degrees of hirsutism and acne, and of seborrhea and hair loss when present, were scored by means of a modified version of the Ferriman and Gallway criteria. SH 8.1041 brought about a significant improvement in the majority of the patients. SH B209AB was generally used as maintenance therapy for hirsutism and severe acne. It was the initial treatment of choice in patients with milder acne. Reduction of hirsutism was usually apparent after the fourth cycle of therapy and acne regressed after the first month. Both combinations were well-tolerated biochemically. In a few patients on SH 8.1042, slight and transient increases in BSP, SGOT, SGPT and bilirubin were observed, but cessation of treatment was not necessary. Some patients on SH 8.1041 complained of transient frigidity, mild depression, breast discomfort and nausea.
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PMID:Treatment of hirsutism and acne in women with two combinations of cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol. 14 May 76

Studies have shown that estrogens and progestogens can cause immuno-depression. Oral contraceptives (OCs) have also been linked with viral and urinary tract infections. In developing countries, women have higher risks of developing these infections because of undernutrition and anemia. This study evaluates cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and one parameter of hormonal immunity--serum hemolytic complement--in undernourished Indian women using OCs. The study population consisted of a random sample of urban women of low income status, between 20 and 30 years of age, mean weight of 45.2 kg. and mean height of 151.2 cm., and mean hemoglobin level of 13.2 g/dl (none had hemoglobin levels below 8 g/dl). 52 of the women were taking OCs (150/ug. of d. norgestrol and either 30 or 50/ug. ethinyl estradiol). The T and B lymphocytes, hemolytic complement in serum (CH50), PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation (PILT) were measured. Results revealed a wide scatter of values in all 4 parameters--% of T cells; % of B cells; 3H-thymidine incorporation, and CH50 levels even in the control group. No significant differences in % of B and T lymphocytes subpopulation or PILT were observed between OC users and the control group. CH50 levels were significantly lower, however, in OC users. Generally, clinical experience of pill users suggests that there is no need for undue concern for potential immune-associated problems in OC users.
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PMID:Immune studies in oral contraceptive users. 31 58

Since recent recommendations advocate that smaller doses of estrogen should be used, a combination of .5 mg of norethindrone and .015 mg ethinyl estradiol was tested on 198 patients for a total of 2546 cycles, the longest usage being over 2 years. The women ranged from 15 to 45 years of age, the average age being 28, and the average number of pregnancies, 5.2. The medication was taken daily for 21 days and then stopped for 7. The group was controlled for secondary effects, bleeding, weight changes, and nucleal or hormonal changes. 14.2% stopped taking it because of secondary problems like spotting, nausea, transhormonal bleeding, and depression. The only pregnancy was due to inadequate attention to the prescription by the patient. Tolerance of the medication was quite good overall and no severe difficulties resulted.
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PMID:[A continuous experience of the use of norethindrone-ethinyl estradiol combination in small doses as a contraceptive]. 32 Dec 97

This study investigated the influence of hormone therapy on affect in a double blind crossover trial. The sample consisted of 49 women who had previously undergone hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy. Therapy consisted of 3 mth each of ethinyl estradiol--50 mcg/day; levonorgestrel--250 mcg/day; "Nordial"--a combination of these 2 substances; and placebo. Affect was measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, verbal reports by women and self-ratings on visual analogue scales. Ethinyl estradiol was found to have a beneficial influence on aspects of affect such as Hamilton scores, anxiety, irritability, and insomnia. The influence of hormones on Hamilton scores could be partly but not fully explained by the alleviation of hot flushes. Norgestrel showed less favorable changes initially but these tended to diminish by the 3rd therapy month. Most of the women studied were not clinically depressed. Anxiety symptoms were the major features exhibited in the group of women investigated. The results of this study suggest that visual analogue rating scales are of questionable validity in assessing affect in patients without any appreciable psychiatric morbidity.
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PMID:Hormone therapy and affect. 39 15

Ovamin 30, a new low-dose oral contraceptive (OC) containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg of ethynodiol diacetate, was evaluated for efficacy and acceptability in a group of women (504 patients; 3236 woman months of use) requesting OCs from their general practitioner. 39 patients withdrew from the study because of side effects which could reasonably be associated with the pill (excessive/irregular bleeding, amenorrhea, depression/headache, and breast discomfort/weight gain), and only 18 of these were menstrual disorders. 12 patients withdrew from the trial to conceive. 1 involuntary pregnancy occurred, and 58 patients were lost to follow-up. An early establishment of acceptable bleeding cycles was maintained in later cycles. The pregnancy rate for this preparation by the Pearl Index was .4/100 woman years with 95% confidence limits of .01-2.24. Ovamin 30 appeared to be an effective and well tolerated low-estrogen OC, and further studies may determine whether side effects are reduced with 30-mcg products as opposed to those containing 50 mcg of estrogen.
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PMID:An open assessment of a new low dose oestrogen combined oral contraceptive. 62 4

Multicenter clinical trial of Ovoresta M, a low-dose combined oral contraceptive containing 0.75 mg lynestrenol and 0,0375 mg ethinyl estradiol, is reported. The trial included 150 women (2,541 treatment cycles). No pregnancies were observed in the group. Bleeding was seen in 95.1% of all treatment cycles between 2-6 days after the last pill was taken, and was not materially different from normal menstruation in 89.3% of cases. Irregular bleeding occurred in 8.1% of cycles. Other side effects included nausea and vomiting, headache, breast fullness, leg circulatory complaints, infections, nervousness, and depression; 140 patients had no previous treatment with oral contraceptives. 2 patients Dropouts included 3 patients who desired to become pregnant, 2 because of irregular bleeding, and 3 others for other reasons. Because of the low dosage of active ingredients the authors consider Ovoresta M a welcome supplement to existing oral contraceptives.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of a new, very low dose combination contraceptive]. 63 15

Effects of the gestagen components of Gravistat and Non-Ovlon on vaginal cytology were observed in 34 women aged 18-34 years. Both preparations contain the same dose of ethinyl estradiol as the estrogen component. Continuous depression of the Karyopyknotic index and the eosinophilia index were associated with both preparations throughout the cycle. No peaks indicative of ovulation were observed. Significant differences in values for the 2 preparations were not observed.
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PMID:[Comparative vaginal cytology testing of gestagen components of 2 combination preparations]. 67 63

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was measured in adipose tissue, heart and diaphragm in Sprague--Dawley rats after estrogen therapy or orchiectomy. Enzyme activity was measured by incubation of tissue fragments with a triolein emulsion in the presence of serum and heparin. In confirmation of other work, depression of adipose tissue LPL followed estradiol treatment in pharmacologic or near-physiologic doses. Cardiac and diaphragmatic muscle LPL were increased. Estrogen-treated male animals showed growth retardation. However, they gained weight steadily and did not show significant differences in serum insulin, glucose of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate. The effects of estradiol in male animals were reversed by sequential fasting and re-feeding. At times during growth and aging in normal female rats, adipose tissue activity was decreased while cardiac and skeletal muscle activities were increased relative to males of the same age or body weight. Castration of male rats failed to reproduce the effect of estrogens on tissue lipoprotein lipase. These in vitro data suggest that exogenous estrogens may shift the flux of triglyceride fatty acids from storage in the adipose organ toward incorporation by muscle. These, and other data, raise the possibility that physiological estrogen secretion exerts a tonic influence over the synthesis and ultimate destination of triglyceride fatty acids.
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PMID:Estrogen treatment and gonadal function in the regulation of lipoprotein lipase. 97 48

The effects of large doses of estrogen on prolactin (PRL) release were assessed. Circulating PRL levels in response to intravenous infusion of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), at a rate of 50 mug per hour for 4 hours, were studied in 10 subjects, and a chronic administration of ethinyl estradiol (EE) at a dose of 400 mug per day, for 1 week, was evaluated in five hypogonadal subjects. There was a significant depression of serum level of PRL during the E2 infusion and a significant increase in PRL release after discontinuation of the infusion. The chronic treatment of large doses of EE induced a more rapid (within 36 hours) and a significantly greater elevation of PRL levels at the end of 1 week treatment than those found during smaller doses of EE administration, as reported previously. These data suggest that acute treatment of estrogen may have a biphasic action on the pituitary PRL section and that the augmentatory effect of estrogen on PRL secretion is dose-dependent in human beings.
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PMID:Effects of large doses of estrogen on prolactin and growth hormone release. 98 83

Experiments performed on unanesthetized ovariectomized female rabbits demonstrated the effects of estradiol benzoate (EB; 20 microng i.v.) on the electrical activity of hypothalamic units which send their axons to the median eminence. Of a total of 1,840 cells recorded in hypothalamic and preoptic areas, 46 (2.5%) were antidromically activated by stimulating the median eminence. Under the present experimental conditions, EB induced a progressive diminution in the mean firing rate of these cells observed throughout the recording period (30-120 min). In addition to cells projecting to the median eminence, neurons which could not be antidromically invaded using our techniques were observed to be sensitive to estrogen. Estrogen administration produced a long-lasting inhibition of antidromically activated cells and a depression of much shorter duration (15-20 min) of unidentified nonstimulated units. These data suggest the existence of two types of hypothalamic neurons sensitive to estrogen.
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PMID:Effects of estrogen on the electrical activity of identified and unidentified hypothalamic units. 103 Jul 85


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