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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical pathological studies were undertaken in 5 calves with experimentally-induced heartwater. The most important findings include a progressive anaemia which may be associated with bone marrow depression and fluctuations in the total and differential white cell count, of which an eosinopenia and a lymphocytosis were the most marked. A severe drop in serum protein, especially in the albumin levels, was observed in all 5 cases. This disease is probably associated with an increased capillary permeability, as the protein content of the pericardial fluid in 1 case that died, approximated that of the serum. The osmolality of the effused fluid was also higher than that of the blood. No significant changes in the serum electrolyte levels occurred, except for total calcium levels which tended to decrease to below normal during the acute stage of the disease. Marked increases in total bilirubin were recorded. This, however, was not associated with liver pathology or haemolysis and may possibly be ascribed to a fasting hyperbilirubinaemia. Darkening of plasma colour was associated with peak rises in total bilirubin. Increases in both blood urea and creatinine levels indicate interference with renal glomerular filtration during the acute stage of the disease.
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PMID:The clinical pathology of heartwater. I. Haematology and blood chemistry. 335 99

Isolated perfused rat livers exposed to 1.5% halothane (equivalent to 1.35 MAC) in O2/CO2 or to O2/CO2 alone produced urea, as well as albumin and transferrin (both measured by immunodiffusion), at constant rates during a 4.25-h perfusion. Urea production did not differ in the two treatment groups, but halothane depressed albumin and transferrin synthesis 43% and 45%, respectively. Intact rats were also exposed to halothane, after which albumin synthesis was measured by the (14C)carbonate technique. The minimum halothane concentration required to insure sufficient relaxation for ventilation was selected and ranged from 1.0 to 1.5%. Measurements were made in control rats not exposed to halothane (group I) and in halothane exposed rats immediately after 1 h of anesthesia (group II), 24 h after the start of 1 h of anesthesia (group III), and immediately after 1/2 h of anesthesia preceded by a 1-h exposure 24 h earlier (group IV). Single exposures to halothane (groups II and III) resulted in a decrease in albumin synthesis immediately or 24 h later that did not differ significantly from controls (group I). However, halothane given twice to rats at 24-h intervals (group IV) reduced their mean albumin synthesis rate to half that of controls. The early onset and constancy of halothane depression of export protein synthesis by isolated, perfused livers may reflect a response to halothane itself, rather than an effect resulting from the accumulation of halothane metabolites. Similarly, reduction of albumin synthesis in intact rats immediately after a second halothane exposure may indicate a response to halothane, rather than to halothane metabolites.
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PMID:Halothane decreases albumin and transferrin synthesis: studies in the isolated, perfused rat liver and in the intact rat. 335 89

Twenty-four Holstein cows (early postpartum) were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to compare effects of nicotinic acid (niacin) and whole cottonseed. Cows were fed individually isonitrogenous complete mixed rations ad libitum, containing corn-soy concentrate, corn silage, chopped coastal bermudagrass hay, and either 1) 0% niacin and 0% whole cottonseed, 2) 0% niacin and 15% whole cottonseed, 3) .03% niacin and 0% whole cottonseed, or 4) .03% niacin and 15% whole cottonseed. Dry matter and energy consumption, actual milk yield, total milk solids, and milk fat yield were not affected by treatment. Either niacin or whole cottonseed increased milk fat percentage and 4% fat-corrected milk. Milk protein percentage and yield were higher with niacin supplementation but tended to be lower with cottonseed feeding. The milk protein depression with whole cottonseed was alleviated by niacin due to stimulation of mammary casein synthesis. Supplemental niacin tended to elevate glucose and insulin in blood plasma, but whole cottonseed tended to reduce these plasma components. Plasma urea nitrogen was higher in cows fed whole cottonseed. Plasma-free tryptophan tended to be slightly higher in cows receiving supplemental niacin.
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PMID:Influence of niacin and whole cottonseed on intake, milk yield and composition, and systemic responses of dairy cows. 355 22

The sequential development of the clinical signs and lesions in the organs of Nubian goats fed on Aristolochia bracteata (Um Galagel) and Cadaba rotundifolia (Kurmut) and their mixture in certain proportions was studied. Kidney and liver function was tested and the results correlated with pathological and clinical changes. Diarrhea, dyspnea, tympany, arching of the back, and loss of condition and hair from the back were the prominent signs of Aristolochia poisoning in goats. The main pathological changes were hemorrhages in the lungs, heart and kidneys, fatty change and congestion in the liver, catarrhal abomasitis and enteritis, and straw-colored fluid in serous cavities. An increase in GOT activity and ammonia and urea concentrations, and a decrease in the concentrations of total protein and magnesium were detected in the serum of Aristolochia-poisoned goats. The clinical signs in goats fed with C rotundifolia were pronounced depression, diarrhea, frothing at the mouth, dyspnea, ataxia, loss of condition and recumbency. The lesions consisted of diffuse hemorrhage in the abomasum, heart and lungs, catarrhal enteritis, erosions on the intestinal mucous membrane, degeneration and/or necrosis of the cells of the renal tubules, and fatty change and necrosis in the liver. These changes were correlated with those in the serum constituents and blood cells. The effects of A bracteata and C rotundifolia were additive in goats.
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PMID:The combined toxicity of Aristolochia bracteata and Cadaba rotundifolia to goats. 357 45

Adult female Wistar rats were injected with 1 mg/kg body weight of uranyl nitrate (UN). Evaluation of renal function, histopathology studies, and determination of plasma erythropoietin (Ep) titers after exposure to 456 mb for 16 h were performed at 1, 2, 7, 10, 15, and 21 days after drug injection. Plasma urea and creatinine concentrations markedly increased during the first seven days after injection, reaching maximal values on day 7 and decreasing thereafter. Significant increases in urine volume and significant depressions in urine osmolality also were observed; both alterations were most marked on day 7 after injection. A coagulative necrosis of the epithelium of proximal convoluted tubules, desquamation of the necrotic cells, and dilation or collapse of the tubular lumen were observed; the lesions were more marked on day 7. Plasma Ep levels in UN-treated rats exposed to hypobaria were markedly lower than in noninjected controls similarly exposed. Measurements were performed one, two, and seven days after UN injection, with maximal depression observed on day 7. These observations indicate that there is a correlation between the extent of both tubule damage and degree of renal dysfunction and plasma Ep production during exposure to hypoxia in UN-treated rats. This suggests that the renal Ep component is derived primarily from tubular cells.
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PMID:Relationship between severity of renal damage and erythropoietin production in uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure. 369 9

The hypothesis that the toxic effects of imidocarb mediated by reduced cholinesterase activity might be intensified by hypomagnesaemia was tested in calves. Hypomagnesaemia was induced in 12 males (50 kg) using an artificial milk based on a commercial nondairy coffee creamer. Although plasma magnesium levels reached 0.33 mmol litre-1 in two weeks no clinical signs were detected. In 12 control calves a daily magnesium supplement of 0.6 g was inadequate although the published requirement is 0.45 g; it was raised to 1.2 g to keep plasma magnesium normal. Lighter calves developed hypomagnesaemia more readily and fast-growing calves had lower plasma urea concentrations. Plasma calcium, but not plasma magnesium, showed significant positive correlation with plasma albumin. The only statistically significant effects of hypomagnesaemia were slight elevations of white cell count and plasma sodium. The hypomagnesaemic and normomagnesaemic calves were divided into two equal groups and treated with 3.3 mg kg-1 of imidocarb dipropionate or a placebo. The drug produced the expected clinical signs of mild toxicity and depression of cholinesterase but no other adverse effects. Transient slight depressions of plasma calcium and potassium concentration, a transient rise of plasma sodium and elevation of creatine kinase occurred. None of the effects of imidocarb treatment was intensified by hypomagnesaemia except, perhaps, constriction of the pupils; generally, hypomagnesaemic animals were affected less.
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PMID:Effect of induced hypomagnesaemia on the toxicity of imidocarb in calves. 370 46

The melting behavior of water in human stratum corneum (s. corneum) has been studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the temperature range from -40 degrees to 20 degrees C. The DSC thermogram was analyzed in terms of the amount of bound water and the melting temperature of water in s. corneum. Extraction of the s. corneum with the mixed solvent of chloroform: methanol (2:1, v/v) or 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution decreased the bound water content, whereas extraction with water did not change the bound water content. The melting temperature of water in the s. corneum was lowered as the water contents decreased. Extraction of the water-soluble components from the s. corneum increased the melting temperature of water when the water contents were constant. The results suggest that 20-30% of water in the s. corneum is bound water interacting strongly with the protein or lipids in the s. corneum, and the excess of water over the bound water content is unbound water solubilizing the water-soluble components such as amino acids and urea in the s. corneum. The thermodynamic theory for freezing-point depression is favorably applied to the melting temperature change of the unbound water, which implies that the water-soluble components are present as an aqueous solution in the s. corneum. Measurements of the melting-point depression of water in s. corneum provide us the quantitative information on the amount of water-soluble components in the s. corneum. This technique is a sensitive and useful tool to evaluate the hydration behavior of s. corneum.
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PMID:Differential scanning calorimetric studies on the melting behavior of water in stratum corneum. 371 83

Findings from natural cases and experiments with cattle emphasise that flowering plants are the most important form of Bryophyllum (Kalanchoe) spp in poisonings in Australia. The main life-threatening lesion is myocardial. The effects on the alimentary tract are less important than was believed previously. B. tubiflorum, B. daigremontianum x B. tubiflorum, B. pinnatum and B. proliferum caused 41 recorded poisoning incidents affecting 379 cattle in Queensland between 1960 and 1984. Poisoning occurred between May and October--the flowering season of these plants. Experimental B. tubiflorum poisoning and natural poisonings produced anorexia, depression, ruminal atony, diarrhoea, heart rate and rhythm abnormalities, dyspnoea and death. Increased plasma concentrations of urea, creatinine and glucose and decreased chloride were measured experimentally. Both natural and experimental cases had myocardial degeneration and necrosis with haemorrhages of the heart and alimentary tract. Cattle with severe dyspnoea had atelectasis and emphysema of the lungs. Some cattle had mild nephrosis. The median lethal doses of B. tubiflorum flowers, roots and leaf plus stem were 0.7, 2.3 and 5.0 g dry matter/kg liveweight respectively (7, 7 and 40 g wet weight/kg). Bufadienolides have been isolated recently from B. tubiflorum flowers and the syndrome is consistent with cardiac glycoside poisoning.
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PMID:Hearts and flowers: Bryophyllum poisoning of cattle. 377 71

Chronic ethanol ingestion in rats showed metabolic and physiological changes similar to alterations reported in human alcoholics. There was a lowering of blood glucose concentration, urea and plasma proteins and elevated concentrations of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Administration of SKV, an Ayurvedic formula produced by fermentation of cane sugar with raisins and 12 herbal ingredients brought down voluntary ethanol ingestion in the rats and increased food intake. ECG and EEG studies in alcoholic rats showed cardiac depression, augmentation of frequency and amplitude of the alpha, delta and theta waves and weakness in the beta waves. These changes were reversed during SKV-induced voluntary alcohol restriction. The involvement in the ECG and EEG wave patterns was associated with improvement in blood glucose, plasma protein levels and reduction in gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activities. SKV appeared to have no adverse reaction with ethanol (it contains 1-2% ethanol) and appears to be a promising way to combat alcoholism.
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PMID:An Indian herbal formula (SKV) for controlling voluntary ethanol intake in rats with chronic alcoholism. 379 18

The effect of high levels of dietary magnesium (1.4%) alone or in combination with elevated calcium (1.8%) or phosphorus (1.6%) on growth and health of male calves was evaluated during a nine week feeding trial after weaning. Twenty calves were randomly divided into 4 feeding groups consisting of controls, high magnesium, high magnesium and calcium or high magnesium and phosphorus. Elevated dietary minerals caused decreased feed intake and growth rate. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were greatly elevated in calves fed high magnesium or magnesium and phosphorus and serum urea nitrogen was moderately elevated in calves fed high magnesium and calcium. These elevations suggested the occurrence of renal damage as a result of microcrystalline obstruction of renal tubules. Serum magnesium levels were three times normal in calves fed high magnesium or magnesium and phosphorus, but only twice normal in calves fed high magnesium and calcium. High dietary magnesium resulted in a significant depression in blood calcium level. This effect was somewhat overcome by additional dietary calcium Three calves fed the high magnesium diet and two calves fed the high magnesium and phosphorus diet developed urinary tract obstruction. The chemical composition of uroliths recovered from these calves was calcium apatite. Elevated dietary magnesium has been shown to be a cause of urolithiasis in growing male calves. Additional dietary calcium, but not phosphorus, appears to protect calves against urolithiasis induced by elevated dietary magnesium.
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PMID:Dietary magnesium and urolithiasis in growing calves. 380 29


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