Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To elucidate the mechanism of the inhibitory action of 1,4-dimorpholino-7-phenylpyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine (DS-511) on water and sodium reabsorption at the renal tubules, the effect of DS-511 (4'-OH), which is similar in diuretic effect to but more water-soluble than DS-511, on the transepithelial transport of sodium and water and permeability to urea was studied in isolated toad urinary bladder. Application of DS-511(4'-OH) at concentrations above 2 x 10(-4) mol/l to the serosal side of the bladder depressed the transepithelial potential difference, short circuit current (SCC), and membrane conductance as well as the increased response of the SCC to arginine vasopressin (AVP) and cyclic AMP. The effect of DS-511 (4'-OH) applied to the mucosal side was delayed in onset and less pronounced. Neither serosal nor mucosal 10(-3) mol/l DS-511(4'-OH) depressed the increased response of the SCC to amphotericin B. 2 x 10(-4) mol/l DS-511 (4'-OH) applied to the serosal side did not affect osmotic water flow, but potentiated the increase in water flow caused by AVP. Basal urea permeability as well as the increase in urea permeability caused by AVP were depressed by serosal 10(-3) mol/l DS-511 (4'-OH). The results show that DS-511(4'-OH) has two actions, the depression of the transepithelial transport of sodium and urea, and the potentiation of the increased water permeability caused by AVP.
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PMID:Effect of 1,4-dimorpholino-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]) pyridazine [DS-511(4'-OH)] on the transepithelial transport of sodium and water and the permeability to urea in the toad urinary bladder. 22 23

The effects of the ionophores A-23187 and X-537 A on glucose metabolism, ATP content and sucrose permeability in pancreatic islets microdissected from obese-hyperglycemic mice were studied. The formation of 14CO2 from 10 mM D-[U-14C] GLUCOSE WAS INHIBITED BY OMISSION OF Ca2+ from the medium. A-23187 (10 muM) induced a further decrease of 14CO2 formation whereas X-537 A (10 muM) had no effect. At 20 mM glucose both A-23187 (48 muM) and X-537 A (43 muM) decreased the 14CO2 formation in the absence of Ca2+ whereas only X-537 A inhibited in the presence of Ca2+. X-537 A (43 muM) also decreased the formation of 3H2O from 20 mM D-[5-3H] glucose. The islet content of ATP was not changed after incubation in media deficient in either Mg2+ or Ca2+. However, omission of both Mg2+ and Ca2+ resulted in about 50% decrease of the ATP content. A-23187 and X-537 A induced dose-dependent decreases of the islet ATP content. X-537 A was much more potent than A-23187. Both ionophores induced stronger depression of the ATP content when Ca2+ was omitted. X-537 A (43 muM) but not A-23187 (48 muM) increased the beta-cell membrane permeability as indicated by an increased sucrose space in relation to the urea space of islets. Such an effect was not obtained with X-537 A at 1 muM or by omission of Ca2+. It is suggested that the marked metabolic effects of the ionophores reflect an impaired mitochondrial metabolism. These metabolic changes should be considered in interpretations of ionophore action on insulin secretion.
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PMID:Metabolic characteristics of pancreatic beta-cells exposed to calcium-transporting ionophores. 31 39

A model of salicylate intoxication was developed in ferrets to permit the evaluation of the interaction with viruses isolated from patients with Reye's syndrome. Salicylate intoxication produced a mild elevation of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and fatty changes in the liver, but these changes differed from those seen in Reye's syndrome on light and electron microscopy. Salicylates were associated with decreased activity of hepatic phosphorylase and a slight depression of activity or ornithine transcarbamylase, a mitochondrial urea cycle enzyme. Infection with influenza viruses produced mild fatty changes in the liver, but did not significantly potentiate the effects of salicylate intoxication on the over-all mortality, the degree of fatty changes, or the hepatic enzymes. Influenza infection alone was not associated with decreased hepatic phosphorylase activity, but was associated with decreased activity of ornithine transcarbamylase. Influenza A was isolated from the livers of two of four animals cultured in embryonated eggs.
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PMID:Salicylate intoxication and influenza in ferrets. 43 1

Chronic renal insufficiency was produced surgically in Fischer 344 rats in order to evaluate the effects of enflurane anesthesia in animals with impaired renal function. Three groups of rats were anesthetized with enflurane: a control group without impairment of renal function (n = 7); a group with minimal impairment of renal function (n = 6); and a group with moderately severe renal impairment (n = 9). Another group of rats with moderately severe renal impairment (n = 8) was anesthetized with halothane. Two hours of anesthesia resulted only in mild transient depression of urea clearance in all groups. Six hours of anesthesia resulted in a 5 to 10 ml/day increase of urinary output in all groups and small increases in urea nitrogen levels in both groups with moderately severe renal impairment. Deterioration of the model was noted late in the experiment; at sacrifice, animals that had been anesthetized with enflurance and four with halothane had terminal renal failure. The morphological lesion in both groups was similar, resembling glomerulonephritis. Thus, there was no difference in the renal response to enflurane or halothane anesthesia among rats with chronic renal insufficiency.
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PMID:Renal effects of enflurane anesthesia in Fischer 344 rats with pre-existing renal insufficiency. 49 Mar 24

In two experiments with milk cows with permanent rumen fistula it was investigated whether, apart from urea being unpalatable, further physiologic parameters are responsible for the reduced feed intake. In experiment I the cows received 2, 3 resp 4% urea orally with barley coarse meal, or an equivalent amount was given continuously from the beginning of the feeding over a period of three hours through the fistula. When 2, 3 resp. 4% urea were given orally, the consumption went down in the first 30 min to 58, 52 resp. 40%. When urea was given rumenally, no depression of the consumption could be observed. There were distinct relations with the NH3-concentration in the rumen fluid. At 20 to 35 mg per 100 ml there was no resp. a slight depressioon only and at 40 mg a significant depression. When the concentration rose to greater than 50 mg, consumption was stopped. In experiment II the rumenal application of urea began two hours before the feeding. The high NH3-level shortly after the beginning of feeding (58 mg/100 ml) caused a stop in the feed consumption. No relation could be observed between the urea concentration in veinous blood and the feed intake.
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PMID:[Effective factors for the reduced feed intake of milk cows fed with rations containing urea]. 50 90

Before this study was undertaken, biochemical and haematological changes in collapsed fun runners have been interpreted only by comparison with changes observed in trained marathon runners, or by comparison with normal subjects. This study was undertaken to establish the pattern of biochemical and haematological changes to be expected in non-collapsed fun runners as a result of competition, and to use this pattern as the basis for comparison with changes observed in collapsed fun runners after similar competition. Forty-three fun runners (28 males, 15 females) who competed in the 1978 City-to-Surf run volunteered as non-collapsed "controls", while 10 runners (nine males, one female) who collapsed during the 1978 City-to-Surf run became "casualties" for comparison. Blood for detailed analysis was collected from the controls two weeks before the 1978 City-to-Surf run, immediately after the run and one month later; blood from the casualties was collected immediately after the run, and one month later. As a result of competition, three patterns of changes were observed, namely, haemoconcentration; tissue damage and altered organ system function; and alteration in carbohydrate metabolism. More intense tissue damage probably accounts for disproportionate changes of some variables in male controls compared with female controls, and in casualties compared with controls. Casualties differed most from controls in degree fo depression of serum bicarbonate levels, and degree of elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, uric acid and bilirubin levels. A wide scatter of blood sugar levels immediately after run both in controls and in casualties reflects the stress of prolonged exertion.
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PMID:Biochemical and haematological changes in Sydney's the Sun City-to-Surf fun runners. 52 70

The oral administration of phenylbutazone at a dose rate of approximately 10 mg per kg per day for seven to 14 days resulted in the development of signs of toxicity in seven of eight ponies treated. Clinical signs included anorexia, depression and abdominal oedema. Blood biochemical determinations showed a decrease in total plasma protein and calcium concentrations with an increase in urea concentration. These changes were considered indicative of water retention. Three of the ponies died during treatment following the development of shock. Shock was considered to arise from the submucosal oedema of the large intestine observed on necropsy. Oral ulceration was also found in these animals. In two ponies intravenous administration of phenylbutazone (4.0 mg per kg) for seven days was studied. In one of these ponies a marked decrease in total plasma protein concentration occurred.
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PMID:Phenylbutazone toxicity in ponies. 55 15

Weanling Wistar rats of both sexes were fed diets containing 0 (control), 1% and 5% ground sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum derived from infected rapeseed (Brassica napus). Body weight, feed consumption and clinical appearance were monitored over an 84-day period. Blood samples were collected on days 41 and 84 and necropsies performed on day 84. Weight gain and feed consumption were similar in the control and 1% groups. In the 5% group, weight gain was depressed, feed wastage was greater and at termination more than half the rats were in poor body condition with alopecia and hyperkeratosis of the tail. These effects were probably nutritional and due to unpalatability of the diet. Blood urea nitrogen and blood glucose concentrations did not vary consistently among the groups. Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity was significantly depressed (p less than 0.001) by consumption of sclerotia. This depression was dose-related and consistent on days 41 and 84. There were no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) between groups in the ratios of liver weight and kidney weight to body weight.
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PMID:Subacute toxicological evaluation of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in rats. 57 Apr 44

Changes in electrocardiograms, blood pressure, pH, and partial pressure of gases (Po2 and Pco2) in arterial blood were studied in goats poisoned by urea or ammonium compounds under spontaneous and artificial respiration and in nonconvulsive state. Abnormal electrocardiogram patterns, such as ventricular flutter, ventricular premature beat, atrioventricular dissociation, depression of ST-segment and sinus tachycardia, were all observed after the occurrence of tetanic convulsion. The electrocardiogram pattern seen at the respiratory arrest showed sinus or supraventricular tachycardia; respiratory arrest preceded cardiac arrest in all the goats, but one. Blood pressure was markedly elevated, accompanied with tetanic convulsion. Po2 decreased gradually and the level was below 30 mm Hg (37.0 degrees C) at respiratory arrest and the final opisthotonus. Artificial respiration starting at the final opisthotonus could delay the cardiac arrest. Under nonconvulsive urea-poisoning with gallamine triethiodide and with artificial respiration of air or a mixture of air and oxygen to elevate the Po2 level, changes of electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and Po2 were similar to those seen under convulsive urea-poisoning. The main cause of death was discussed and presumed to be respiratory and cardiovascular failure.
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PMID:Electrocardiographic observation on goats with urea-ammonia poisoning and a consideration on the main cause of death. 60 86

A lethal protein with hemagglutinating activity but without trypsin inhibitory activity was isolated from beans of Phaseolus vulgaris, cultiva, and Kintoki and proved homogeneous by ultracentrifugation, disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sodium dodesyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The molecular weight was estimated to be 104, 000 by ultracentrifugal analysis and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The molecule dissociates into three identical subunits in the presence of 8 M urea or 0.1% sodium dodesyl sulfate. The amino acid composition was characterized by the high content of aspartic acid and the complete absence of methionine and cystine. The carbohydrate content was 8.1%; 5.0% mannose and 3.1% glucosamine. The addition of the lethal protein to a basal diet (0.4%) resulted in the intensive depression of the growth and finally in the death of rats. The intraperitoneal injection of 250 microgram per g body weight of mouse brought about an acute toxicity which caused death of all the injected mice.
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PMID:The isolation and characterization of a lethal protein from Kintoki beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). 61 Nov 61


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