Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An efficient narco-analgesia is given by the association of two drugs: -- diazepam (Valium): a benzodiazepine with an anxiolytic and myoresolutive effect, inducing sleep and giving amnesia; -- lysine acetylsalicylate (Aspegic) giving an analgesia inferior to that of morphinomimetic drugs but not inducing respiratory depression. These two drugs are given in an intravenous catheter. Their effects last about 20 minutes - vomiting is rare. The authors report their experience of 50 cases and think that this technique is recommended in remote medical units for moderately painful and short duration operations.
 ...
PMID:[Valium-aspegic association. Its value in a remote medical unit (author's transl)]. 678 84

In a series of experiments designed to assess the chick's sulfur amino acid (SAA) requirement during acute coccidiosis, a striking and unexpected infection X SAA interaction was discovered. When chicks were fed diets severely deficient in SAA, Eimeria acervulina infection produced a marked growth response, while birds consuming SAA-adequate diets exhibited the expected severe growth depression when given the same dose of E. acervulina oocysts. Although the interaction was originally demonstrated in birds fed crystalline amino acid diets, it was subsequently demonstrated with intact protein diets as well. The interaction was also shown not to be unique to the SAA. Thus, lysine and E. acervulina interacted in the same manner. In fact, when birds were fed diets severely deficient in lysine, E. acervulina infection brought about a doubling of both rate and efficiency of weight gain. It was also established that the growth response to infection resulted from E. acervulina per se and not from any other component of the infective inoculum.
 ...
PMID:Interaction between dietary protein/amino acid level and parasitic infection: morbidity in amino acid deficient or adequate chicks inoculated with Eimeria acervulina. 678 11

Two 14-day factorial experiments were performed to assess changes in growth, feed intake and urinary orotic acid excretion of weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats. The dietary variables investigated included the percentage of dietary casein in the basal diet, its supplementation with 5% lysine-HCl or 1% arginine-HCl and sucrose or two parts dextrin and one part sucrose as the only form of carbohydrate. The response to 5% supplemental lysine was strikingly similar to that seen with arginine-free diets. With 5% lysine added to 15% casein diets, growth decreased 25% and feed efficiency 20% while orotic acid excretion increased significantly. When 5% lysine was added to diets with 7.5 or 30% casein, these responses were smaller and were prevented by the simultaneous feeding of 1% arginine. Growth depression by lysine was partially reversed by replacing two-thirds of the dietary sucrose with dextrin. When unsupplemented, the casein diets containing only sucrose as carbohydrate supported less growth than the same diets containing the dextrin sucrose mixture. This difference was abolished by supplementation with 1% arginine, suggesting that sucrose increases arginine requirements for optimal growth. The data are consistent with the conclusion that orotic acid excretion is a useful index for determining when lysine excess is producing a functional deficiency of arginine.
 ...
PMID:Orotic aciduria caused by feeding excess lysine to growing rats. 679 1

Nutritional interactions between dietary chloride and lysine in the young chick were investigated. Chloride, varying over four levels from .44 to 1.84% of the diet, was included in diets containing limiting (.7%) or adequate (1.1%) levels of lysine. Increasing chloride in diets containing either level of lysine resulted in a depression of growth rate and feed consumption (P less than .01). The efficiency of feed utilization for growth was significantly lowered only when chicks were fed diets containing the highest level of chloride (P less than .05). Plasma lysine concentrations were greater in chicks fed the lysine adequate diet; plasma arginine was unchanged. Plasma lysine and arginine concentrations were unaffected by chloride. In a second experiment chicks were fed a lysine deficient (.7%), lysine adequate (1.2%), high lysine (2.5%), or high lysine (2.5%) high arginine (2.3%) diet with varying levels of chloride. Increasing dietary chloride depressed weight gains. This effect was most dramatic in those chicks fed the high lysine diet. Increasing dietary arginine alleviated the effect of chloride in the high lysine diet. Plasma sodium and potassium were unaffected by dietary lysine and chloride levels. Plasma chloride tended to be greater in chicks receiving high chloride diets and were highest in chicks fed the high lysine diet. We conclude that dietary chloride does not influence the lysine requirement of chicks but exacerbates the lysine-arginine antagonism.
 ...
PMID:Lysine-chloride interactions in the growing chick. 679 59

Rats fed a purified L-amino acid diet with 0.72, 1.50, 2.9 or 4.3% lysine excreted 117, 124, 237 and 628 micrograms/day orotic acid, respectively. Dietary arginine supplementation prevented the orotic aciduria induced by excess dietary lysine. Increased orotic acid excretion was accompanied by a significant depression in urinary urea in rats fed a diet containing 4.3% lysine compared to those fed a diet containing 0.72% lysine. As measured by incorporation of [14C]HCO3, lysine addition to liver slices or isolated hepatocytes resulted in a progressive increase in the rate of orotic acid biosynthesis. The minimum quantity of lysine tested that significantly increased the rate of orotic acid biosynthesis was 0.5 mM or 1 mM for studies with slices and hepatocytes, respectively. Ammonia at concentrations of 0, 0.75, or 5.0 mM NH4Cl linearly increased orotate and urea synthesis. Inhibition of urea biosynthesis resulting from lysine supplementation coincided with an increase in pyrimidine biosynthesis. Addition of 1 mM arginine to the liver incubation media prevented the increased rate of orotic acid biosynthesis caused by lysine. Arginine addition may overcome an approximate 90% competitive inhibition of arginase by excess lysine.
 ...
PMID:The influence of excess lysine on urea cycle operation and pyrimidine biosynthesis. 681 6

Several lines of investigation were pursued to understand mechanisms involved in the in vivo depression of rat hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase by cyclophosphamide, an important anti-cancer and immunosuppressive agent. Essentially exclusive metabolism-dependent binding to microsomal proteins of 14C from [4-14C]cyclophosphamide, compared with 3H from [chloroethyl-3H]cyclophosphamide, suggests the binding of the metabolite acrolein. Of the various metabolites and analogs of cyclophosphamide tested (which did not contain a peroxy or a hydroperoxy group), only acrolein and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (which releases acrolein in solution) caused denaturation of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in vitro; this denaturation was identical with that produced by sulfhydryl reagents. Of the various chemicals tested, only those which contained either a free amino group (except lysine) and/or a free sulfhydryl group (e.g. semicarbazide, cysteine, glycine, glucosamine) effectively blocked (40-80%) the binding of 14C as well as protected against acrolein-induced denaturation of cytochrome P-450. These data further suggested interaction of cyclophosphamide metabolite with free amino and/or free sulfhydryl groups in proteins. However, comparison with [3H]aflatoxin B2a which interacts with free protein amino groups via the formation of Schiff bases, clearly attributed the preferential binding of 14C to cysteine sulfhydryl groups in these proteins. Studies on chemical models derived from reaction between acrolein and cysteine also supported this suggestion. When microsomes isolated from incubations metabolizing [4-14C]cyclophosphamide were subjected to gel electrophoresis, the major radioactive band detected by autoradiography was associated with a cytochrome P-450 band at 55,000 daltons, the major band induced by phenobarbital in the rat. All these results taken together strongly point to the possibility that acrolein is the cyclophosphamide metabolite responsible for the depression of the mixed function oxidase activities. Acrolein most likely produces this effect by alkylation of the sulfhydryl group(s) in the active site of cytochrome P-450.
 ...
PMID:Studies on the mechanism of denaturation of cytochrome P-450 by cyclophosphamide and its metabolites. 729 26

The antitumor effect of some N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-N,N-bis-(2-halogenethyl)hydrazide derivatives of lysine, glycine, cystine, phenylalanine and p-chlorophenylalanine, was studied. Six of eight newly synthesized compounds show considerable antitumor effect on solid Walker carcinosarcoma 256 (about 95% tumor growth inhibition). Three of these compounds under study increased the lifespan of mice with leukemia L1210. The investigation of the effect of N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl,D,L-phenylalanine-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine on various mouse tumors showed remarkable growth inhibition of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, sarcoma 37, colon adenocarcinoma akatol and lesser antitumor effect also on solid adenocarcinoma 755, Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B16. All investigated compounds exhibited depression of leukocyte count--their toxicity being, however, lower than that of sarcolysine in parallel experiments.
 ...
PMID:Antitumor effect of N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-N,N-bis-(2-halogenethyl)-hydrazide derivatives of amino acids. 739 53

The extent to which dietary protein can be minimized by using Met and Lys supplements for market turkeys has been investigated in three experiments involving 2,750 birds. Large White (Nicholas) male turkey poults were fed corn-soybean meal diets of varying protein level to supply Lys from 80 to 120 of NRC (1984) from day-old to 18 wk of age. Performance with diets of 90% NRC Lys was equal to that with diets of higher Lys, provided that SAA were at 100% of NRC. Up to .2% Lys.HCl could be substituted into the 100 or 90% of NRC diets with no depression in performance, suggesting that the other essential amino acids were present in adequate amounts. When turkeys were fed diets of 85% of NRC (1984) Lys, maximum growth and breast meat yield were obtained with supplemental SAA at 100% during 0 to 18 wk of age and Lys at 100% during 12 to 18 wk of age. The requirements for other amino acids were supplied by diets formulated to provide 85% of the Lys requirement from protein. These values were for turkeys subjected to 18 C during final growout; they were not adequate in warmer temperatures.
 ...
PMID:Replacing protein in corn-soybean turkey diets with methionine and lysine. 747 91

The DA strain of Theiler's virus persists in the central nervous system of mice and causes chronic inflammation and demyelination. On the other hand, the GDVII strain causes an acute encephalitis and does not persist in surviving animals. Series of recombinants between infectious cDNA clones of the genomes of DA and GDVII viruses have been constructed. The analysis of the phenotypes of the recombinant viruses has shown that determinants of persistence and demyelination are present in the capsid proteins of DA virus. Chimeric viruses constructed by the different research groups gave consistent results, with one exception. Chimeras GD1B-2A/DAFL3 and GD1B-2C/DAFL3, which contain part of capsid protein VP2, capsid proteins VP3 and VP1, and different portions of P2 of GDVII in a DA background, were able to persist and cause demyelination. Chimera R4, whose genetic map is identical to that of GD1B-2A/DAFL3, was not. After exchanging the viral chimeras between laboratories and verifying each other's observations, new chimeras were generated in order to explain this difference. Here we report that the discrepancy can be attributed to a single amino acid difference in the sequence of the capsid protein VP2 of the two parental DA strains. DAFL3 (University of Chicago) and the chimeras derived from it, GD1B-2A/DAFL3 and GD1B-2C/DAFL3, contain a Lys at position 141, while TMDA (Institut Pasteur) and R4, the chimera derived from it, contain an Asn in that position. This amino acid is located at the tip of the EF loop, on the rim of the depression spanning the twofold axis of the capsid. These results show that a single amino acid change can confer the ability to persist and demyelinate to a chimeric Theiler's virus, and they pinpoint a region of the viral capsid that is important for this phenotype.
 ...
PMID:A single amino acid change determines persistence of a chimeric Theiler's virus. 751 64

The activity of a selective cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptor agonist, N-acetyl derivative of A71623 (Ac-Trp-Lys(epsilon-N-[2-methylphenylamino-carbonyl]) -Asp-(NMe)Phe-NH2) was investigated in the guinea pig isolated ileum longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus. NAA caused both a phasic and tonic contraction at all concentrations tested (1-1000 nM). The selective CCK-A antagonist L-364,718 (Devazepide) antagonized both types of contraction with a pKB of 10.10 and 9.95, respectively. The CCK-B selective antagonist L-365,260 ((3R(+)-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1, 4-benzodiazepine-3yl)-N-(3-methylphenyl)-urea) was inactive up to a concentration of 30 nM. Atropine at 300 nM and 1000 nM reduced the maximal response of NAA by only 17% and 50%, respectively. The selective neurokinin (NK)-1 antagonists GR 82334 ([D-pro9[Spiro-gamma-Lactam] Leu10, Trp11]-Phys (1-11)9) at 300 and 1000 nM and (+-) CP-96,345 [(2S, 3S)-cis- 2-(diphenylmethyl)-N- [(2-methoxyphenyl)-methyl] -1-azabici-clo [2.2.2]octan-3-amine] at 10 nM were inactive or partially active. When atropine and GR 82334 or (+/-) CP-96,345 were combined, they produced a dose-dependent synergistic inhibition of both phasic and tonic contractions induced by NAA. The selective NK-3 receptor agonist senktide induced both phasic and tonic contractions that were blocked by tetrodotoxin. In the presence of atropine and GR 82334, both 300 nM, a synergistic depression of the response to senktide similar to that observed for the agonist NAA was disclosed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:A further analysis of the contraction induced by activation of cholecystokinin A receptors in guinea pig isolated ileum longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus. 752 Sep 41


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>