Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two 12-day experiments were conducted with Large White turkeys to determine which amino acids are deficient in a diet containing dehulled soybean meal as the sole source of protein. A 22% protein basal diet composed of 43.3% glucose monohydrate, 45.4% dehulled soybean meal, .5% DL-methionine, 6% stabilized fat, and added minerals and vitamins served as the negative control. Two positive control diets were formed by substituting either 16.5% dehulled soybean meal or a mixture containing amounts of essential amino acids equivalent to those in the added dehulled soybean meal in place of an equal amount of glucose monohydrate in the basal diet. Nine additional diets were formed by removing one or more amino acids from the mixture. Each of the 12 diets in a block design was fed to two pens of males and two pens of females with 8 birds per pen from 7 to 19 days of age in each experiment. Average body weight gain of poults fed the 22% protein diet with added amino acids approached that of poults fed the 30% protein diet (288 vs. 300 g, respectively). Removal of the amino acid mixture from the 22% protein diet depressed body weight gain by 19.0%. Depressions of 19, 16, 11, 7, and 6% in body weight gains resulted from the removal of valine, threonine, lysine, phenylalanine (or tyrosine or glycine), and isoleucine, respectively. A decrease of 5% was required for significance (P less than or equal to .05). When evaluated by this deletion technique, effects of valine and threonine deficiency were more pronounced than effects of lysine deficiency in dehulled soybean meal for young turkeys.
 ...
PMID:Deficient amino acids in protein of dehulled soybean meal for young turkeys. 344 40

The mechanism of the cardiodepressant effect of vasopressin was studied by measuring simultaneously myocardial contractile force and coronary blood flow (with tracer microspheres) in anaesthetized open-chest rabbits. Lysine-vasopressin administered at two dose levels (10 and 100 mu kg-1 infused in 2 min with a maintenance dose of 2 mu kg-1 min-1 between these two loading doses) to a group of 6 rabbits caused dose-dependent myocardial depression and also severely decreased coronary blood flow in a dose-dependent manner. Blood pressure remained almost unchanged but heart rate, cardiac output and total peripheral conductance were also decreased dose-dependently. In another group of 6 rabbits treated in the same way with lysine-vasopressin, darodipine (PY 108-068, 30 and 100 micrograms kg-1) was infused intravenously. It reversed the vasopressin-induced coronary constriction and cardiodepression. The high dose of vasopressin brought back cardiac depression but did not reduce coronary blood flow below baseline values. Myocardial depression could therefore not be adequately explained by the changes in coronary blood flow. In a further group of rabbits which had been subjected to cervical vagotomy and beta-adrenoceptor blockade (propranolol 1 mg kg-1 i.v.) before the experiment, vasopressin still caused coronary constriction which was reversed by darodipine, but had no effect on myocardial contractile force and heart rate. The cardiodepressant effect of vasopressin can thus be explained fully by effects on the autonomic nervous system which are reversed by lowering blood pressure, whereas the severe reduction of coronary flow did not contribute to the vasopressin-induced myocardial depression.
 ...
PMID:Vasopressin induced myocardial depression in neurally mediated and not due to impaired coronary blood flow. 380 66

Lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP) for 10 days and in doses up to 13.5 LVP units did not significantly alter the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores of 12 severely depressed, treatment-resistant patients who were evaluated in a double-blind crossover study. The 24-h rhythms of melatonin, cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin appeared remarkably stable over the course of repeated measurement. LVP administration did not affect these 24-h rhythms.
 ...
PMID:Effect of lysine vasopressin in depressed patients on mood and 24-hour rhythm of growth hormone, cortisol, melatonin and prolactin. 390 21

The effect of a constant i.v. infusion of lysine acetyl salicylate (LAS) on pain after operation was compared with that of a constant infusion of morphine in 30 patients undergoing unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy. LAS provided analgesia equivalent to that provided by morphine and was associated with significantly less drowsiness, nausea and vomiting. No patient in either group was noted to suffer from respiratory depression. No untoward side effects were noted during or following the administration of LAS.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of infusions of morphine and lysine acetyl salicylate for the relief of pain after surgery. 391 45

Investigations into the site of vasodilator and antivasoconstrictor activity of calcium antagonists previously performed in cats were extended to a second species, barbiturate-anaesthetized rabbits, and a second vasoconstrictor agent, vasopressin. The dihydropyridine derivative darodipine (code name PY 108-068; 10, 30 and 100 micrograms kg-1 i.v.) showed systemic haemodynamic effects comparable to those seen in cats at half these doses. Darodipine effected regional vasodilatation (measured with tracer microspheres) in the heart, brain and skeletal muscles as in cats. Only the vessels of the adrenals (dilated in rabbits but not in cats), and the kidneys and skin (constricted in rabbits but not in cats) responded differently to darodipine. Angiotensin II (A II; 0.15 and 1.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) constricted the same vascular beds in rabbits as in cats, namely the heart, kidneys, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts (inferred from microspheres reaching the lungs), the only exceptions being the vessels of the stomach and liver (constriction only in cats) and the adrenals (constriction only in rabbits). Darodipine (30 and 100 micrograms kg-1) attenuated the A II-induced vasoconstriction in the same vascular beds in rabbits as in cats including the kidneys, which were constricted after administration of the antagonist alone. These results indicate surprisingly small species differences for the vasodilator effects of darodipine as well as the attenuation of the vasoconstrictor effects of A II. Lysine-vasopressin (2 and 50 mu kg-1 min-1) did not increase blood pressure in anaesthetized rabbits but dose-dependently lowered heart rate, cardiac output, total peripheral conductance and myocardial contractile force (measured with a strain gauge). Vasopressin constricted all peripheral vascular beds dose-dependently, except for those of the kidney and liver. The effects of vasopressin persisted in the animals infused with placebo solution. Darodipine (30 and 100 micrograms kg-1), but not verapamil (300 and 1000 micrograms kg-1) reversed the vasopressin-induced cardiac depression and decrease in cardiac output. This probably also explains most of the apparent differences between the effects of the two calcium antagonists on the peripheral circulation. Both calcium antagonists diminished the vasopressin constriction in most vascular beds except those of the spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts. Most of the effects were dose-related but not strictly competitive, as far as this can be judged based on two doses of agonist and antagonist. 9 As with A II the effects of vasopressin were diminished in vascular beds not normally dilated by calcium antagonists. 10 Calcium antagonists display two typical patterns of activity. The vasodilator pattern consists of dilatation of the vesels of the heart, brain and, to a degree varying with the agents, skeletal muscle. The antivasoconstrictor effects occur in some but not all of the vessels constricted by the constrictor agent, vasoconstriction of the spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts being resistant to the action of calcium antagonists. The pattern of antivasoconstrictor activity appears to depend on the constrictor compound used, inasmuch as such agents constrict different vascular beds.
 ...
PMID:Modification of vasopressin- and angiotensin II- induced changes by calcium antagonists in the peripheral circulation of anaesthetized rabbits. 402 74

The effects of normal rabbit serum (NRS) on two transport systems in rabbit lung macrophages have been examined. A 20 min preincubation with serum was required for the effects, which were retained for at least 40 min after serum was removed. No serum was present during the transport studies. (a) Preincubation with 0.5 or 1.0% NRS resulted in depression of lysine transport to 59 +/- 2.6% (SE, 31 observations) of control levels. The activity was heat stable to 100 degrees C for 30 min and lost after dialysis. Pretreatment with serum did not alter the intracellular concentration of lysine attained when cells were then incubated with 10 mM lysine for 30 min. The relative depression of lysine transport by serum was unaltered by preloading with such high concentrations of lysine. (b) Preincubation with 5% NRS resulted in enhancement of adenosine transport by 35 +/- 2.3% (SE, 60 observations). Activity was stable to heating at 65 degrees C for 40 min but lost at 100 degrees C for 20 min. It was nondialyzable. Total radioactivity accumulated after 30 min incubation with 1 mM adenosine was unaffected by serum pretreatment. The two activities were separable by passage over Sephadex G25.
 ...
PMID:Effects of serum on membrane transport. I. Separation and preliminary characterization of factors which depress lysine or stimulate adenosine transport in rabbit alveolar macrophages. 411 89

Administration of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivative of the copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL) to inbred mice induces a state of DNP-specific tolerance in such animals irrespective of their immune status at the time of treatment. Taking advantage of the relative ease with which DNP-D-GL can induce tolerance in an animal previously primed with an immunogenic DNP-carrier conjugate, we have established conditions for tolerance induction in an adoptive cell transfer system. Thus, the adoptive secondary anti-DNP antibody response of DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed spleen cells was completely, or almost completely, abolished by exposure of such cells to DMP-D-GL either in vivo or in vitro. Tolerance induction in vivo occurred irrespective of whether the DNP-primed cells were exposed to DNP-D-GL in the donor animal before adoptive transfer or in recipient mice after transfer. In the latter situation, it was possible to show that tolerance induction in this model occurs very rapidly (1 hr) and with relatively low doses of tolerogen (50 microg). Incubation of DNP-KLH-primed cells with DNP-D-GL in vitro under varying culture conditions also resulted in depression of the adoptive secondary response of such cells, although the kinetics and degree of tolerance induction in this way were slightly different from that obtained by in vivo tolerization. Utilizing the adoptive transfer tolerance system, it was possible to approach certain questions concerning the mechanism of tolerance induction and fate of tolerant bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes in the DNP-D-GL model. The possibility that suppression of anti-DNP antibody from the DNP-D-GL reflects blocking of surface receptor molecules on B lymphocytes has been ruled out by several experimental observations. The most conclusive evidence on this point derives from the failure of enzymatic treatment with trypsin to reverse the tolerant state induced by in vitro exposure of primed cells to DNP-D-GL, whereas trypsinization completely restored the immunocompetence of DNP-KLH-primed cells rendered unresponsive by exposure to DNP-ovalbumin in vitro. The present studies also demonstrate that the tolerant state induced by DNP-D-GL represents a predominantly irreversible inactivation of specific B lymphocytes. This conclusion is derived from experiments in which it was found that tolerance was maintained through as many as two serial adoptive transfers performed over a period of time of at least 24 days from the single exposure of such cells to the tolerogen. Moreover, the possibility that maintenance of tolerance through such serial transfers was due to inadvertent transfer of tolerogenic doses of DNP-D-GL was definitively ruled out. It appears, therefore, that DNP-specific tolerance induced by DNP-D-GL is an example of irreversible inhibition of cell reactivity to antigen reflecting yet-to-be-determined events at the intra- and subcellular levels.
 ...
PMID:Immunological tolerance in bone marrow-derived lymphocytes. I. Evidence for an intracellular mechanism of inactivation of hapten-specific precursors of antibody-forming cells. 453 11

Spleen cells from CBA or congenitally athymic ("nude") mice were pretreated with various concentrations of DNP coupled to a copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (DNP(37)-D-GL), under various conditions of time and temperature. After washing, they were then cultured for 3 days with the direct B cell immunogen, DNP coupled to Salmonella adelaide flagella (DNP-FLA). Under all circumstances tried, exposure of cells to 1 microg/ml DNP-D-GL caused a 70-100% depression in the subsequent DNP-specific PFC response, and 100 ng/ml caused a lesser but still substantial effect. At the concentrations used, DNP-D-GL did not affect irrelevant antibody responses. Though cells from nude mice responded somewhat less well to DNP-FLA than those from CBA mice, no significant difference in the reaction of the two populations to the tolerogen was noted. This demonstrates that DNP-D-GL can, as previously suspected, directly cause unresponsiveness in B lymphocytes.
 ...
PMID:Induction of B cell tolerance in vitro to 2,4-dinitrophenyl coupled to a copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (DNP-D-GL). 457 21

Thrombin and poly-l-lysine alter the incorporation of acetate, glycerol, and fatty acids into the lipids of washed human platelets. Both aggregating agents decrease the incorporation of acetate into all lipid classes other than free fatty acids. Similarly, glycerol incorporation into complex lipids is impaired by both thrombin and polylysine. Thrombin caused marked depression of the incorporation of palmitic acid into both lecithin and triglycerides. By contrast it enhanced the incorporation of oleic acid into lecithin, but not into triglycerides. The data suggest that the process of primary platelet aggregation is associated with a defect in the assembly of complex lipids.
 ...
PMID:Altered lipid metabolism in human platelets after primary aggregation. 468 85

Mice were fed diets deficient in a single essential amino acid, and the primary immune responses to inoculation of allogenic tumor cells was measured by in vitro assay of cellular immunity. Moderate reduction of the amino acids phenylalanine-tyrosine, valine, threonine, methionine-cystine, isoleucine, and tryptophane in the diet produced profound depression of hemagglutinating and blocking antibody responses, although cytotoxic cell-mediated immunity remained intact. These diets had previously been shown to result in a selective depression of tumor growth in mice. Limitation of the amino acids arginine, histidine, and lysine in the diets gave rise to only slight depression of the immune responses. These diets had previously been shown to produce a proportional decrease in both tumor growth and host body weight. Moderate leucine restriction resulted in a paradoxical depression of cytotoxic cell-mediated immunity with little effect on serum blocking activity. Slight increases had previously been noted in the weight of tumors in mice fed leucine-restricted diets. Deficiency or imbalance of essential amino acids in the diet may produce profound depression of immune responses and apparent, marked changes in the immune resistance of the host animal to tumors.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative effects of nutritional essential amino acid deficiency upon immune responses to tumors in mice. 468 18


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>