Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was measured in adipose tissue, heart and diaphragm in Sprague--Dawley rats after estrogen therapy or orchiectomy. Enzyme activity was measured by incubation of tissue fragments with a triolein emulsion in the presence of serum and heparin. In confirmation of other work, depression of adipose tissue LPL followed estradiol treatment in pharmacologic or near-physiologic doses. Cardiac and diaphragmatic muscle LPL were increased. Estrogen-treated male animals showed growth retardation. However, they gained weight steadily and did not show significant differences in serum insulin, glucose of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate. The effects of estradiol in male animals were reversed by sequential fasting and re-feeding. At times during growth and aging in normal female rats, adipose tissue activity was decreased while cardiac and skeletal muscle activities were increased relative to males of the same age or body weight. Castration of male rats failed to reproduce the effect of estrogens on tissue lipoprotein lipase. These in vitro data suggest that exogenous estrogens may shift the flux of triglyceride fatty acids from storage in the adipose organ toward incorporation by muscle. These, and other data, raise the possibility that physiological estrogen secretion exerts a tonic influence over the synthesis and ultimate destination of triglyceride fatty acids.
 ...
PMID:Estrogen treatment and gonadal function in the regulation of lipoprotein lipase. 97 48

Experiments performed on unanesthetized ovariectomized female rabbits demonstrated the effects of estradiol benzoate (EB; 20 microng i.v.) on the electrical activity of hypothalamic units which send their axons to the median eminence. Of a total of 1,840 cells recorded in hypothalamic and preoptic areas, 46 (2.5%) were antidromically activated by stimulating the median eminence. Under the present experimental conditions, EB induced a progressive diminution in the mean firing rate of these cells observed throughout the recording period (30-120 min). In addition to cells projecting to the median eminence, neurons which could not be antidromically invaded using our techniques were observed to be sensitive to estrogen. Estrogen administration produced a long-lasting inhibition of antidromically activated cells and a depression of much shorter duration (15-20 min) of unidentified nonstimulated units. These data suggest the existence of two types of hypothalamic neurons sensitive to estrogen.
 ...
PMID:Effects of estrogen on the electrical activity of identified and unidentified hypothalamic units. 103 Jul 85

Estrogen treatment of postmenopausal women has been suggested to improve mood and psychological function. However, this remains controversial because previous studies involved heterogeneous groups, were not double blind, and included women who were also experiencing somatic symptoms that were relieved by estrogen. A randomized double-blind study was carried out comparing the effects of placebo and conjugated equine estrogens (0.625 and 1.25 mg) on psychological function over 3 months in 36 asymptomatic women, aged 45-60. The tests included the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-168, the Profile of Adaptation to Life, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Memory was assessed directly by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales, measuring both digit span and digit symbol. All women were well-adjusted psychologically. The income management scale of the Profile of Adaptation to Life improved (P less than .05) with estrogen, as did the Beck Depression Inventory (P less than .05), but these results were not dose-related. Memory assessed prospectively by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales was not affected significantly. These results suggest that estrogen use may improve the overall quality of life in postmenopausal women.
 ...
PMID:Estrogen improves psychological function in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. 165

We examined possible predictors of traumatic deaths by means of a case-control study nested within a large ongoing cohort study of residents of a Southern California retirement community. Baseline information was collected by means of a detailed mailed health survey completed by 11,888 residents in 1981-1982. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, being widowed or divorced (RR = 6.4, P = 0.009), sleeping 9 or more hours per night (RR = 4.6, P = 0.02), and drinking more than three alcoholic beverages a day (RR = 3.5, P = 0.04) were significant predictors of suicide risk. However, the strongest predictor of suicide was a mental outlook assessment summary score calculated from responses to seven questions derived from the Zung self-rating depression scale. Individuals in the poorest summary score category were 23 times more likely to commit suicide than individuals in the best summary score category (P = 0.004). Women who regularly practiced breast self-examination were also at very low risk for suicide (RR = 0.1, P = 0.0005). The mental outlook assessment summary score was also a predictor of accidental deaths, although the relative risk estimates were lower than those for suicide and the individual questions best predicting risk were different. A history of a serious chronic disease (RR = 2.6, P = 0.01) and moderate alcohol intake of less than two drinks per day (RR = 0.3, P = 0.01) were also predictors of accidental deaths. Estrogen use in women did not predict risk of traumatic deaths.
 ...
PMID:A prospective study of risk factors for traumatic deaths in a retirement community. 237 94

Detailed interview information was obtained from 515 women in connection with a Swedish-Norwegian comparative investigation on possible connections between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and premenopausal breast cancer. The Norwegian data was reviewed to ascertain the occurrence of mild side effects and how these side effects influence the use of OCs. In all, 63% of those interviewed had used OCs. Side effects were reported in 55.6% of the 629 use periods. The most frequent side effects were weight gain (17.8%), irregular menses (14.0%), nausea (8.9%) and tender breasts (8.8%). The respondents also reported depression, aggressiveness, decreased libido, headache and migraine. Differences in side effects were found for various OCs depending upon quantity of hormone and composition. Estrogen related complaints such as tender breasts and weight gain increased in relation to the estrogen dosage in the pill. Users of the minipills often reported irregular menses. Reports of psychological problems were relatively evenly distributed but users of minipills reported significantly lower rates of side effects for such complaints. Although relatively few use periods were reported for triphasic pills, these also appear to be involved with a number of side effects. 2 out of 5 women who began taking OCs reported that they had to stop because of side effects. This reduced the value of OCs as an effective and easily obtainable means of contraception.
 ...
PMID:[Mild side-effects of oral contraceptives]. 320 63

We tried to demonstrate that the cell kinetics-directed chemoendocrine therapy is more effective on hormone dependent breast cancer than empirical combination of the endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Cell kinetics of each tumor was measured by flow cytometric analysis. Estrogen dependent human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was used in vitro. In vivo, androgen dependent SC-115 carcinoma was transplanted to DDS mice. In vitro, tamoxifen was administered as the endocrine therapy. In vivo, we carried out testectomy on DDS mice. Effect of the endocrine therapy on the cell kinetics of the tumor was thought to be G1-S depression. High density 5FU was administered as the chemotherapeutic agents, whose content was 1 microgram/ml in vitro and 40 mg/kg in vivo. 5FU brought temporary decrease of cells in S phase. Only anteceding 5FU administration had synergistic effect in combination of 5FU and the endocrine therapy. 5FU was convinced to act more effectively on cells in S phase, so it was shown that cell kinetics-directed schedule was superior to the empirical treatment schedule in chemoendocrine therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Synergistic effect of cell kinetics-directed chemo-endocrine therapy on experimental mammary tumors]. 343 37

Symptoms due to estrogen deficiency begin in the perimenopausal years and progress as serum levels of this hormone decrease Vasomotor instability, manifested by hot flushes or night sweats, may persist for several months to a few years. Psychologic symptoms include anxiety, tension, depression, insomnia, palpitations, and headaches. Atrophy of the genital epithelium may result in senile vaginitis with symptoms of irritation, burning, pruritus, dyspareunia, and even vaginal bleeding. Even the lower urinary tract mucosa is dependent upon estrogen. Postmenopausal osteoporosis affects 25 to 50% of older women and increases the risk for vertebral, hip, and other fractures. Estrogen therapy for menopausal complaints has received adverse publicity because several reports have indicated that unopposed estrogens increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Added progestogen not only negates this risk but reduces the incidence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in estrogen-progestogen users to less than that observed in untreated women. Estrogen replacement therapy does not increase the risk of breast cancer; the incidence of this malignancy, however, was also less in the estrogen-progestogen users when compared with either the untreated women or from that expected from the national cancer surveys. In evaluating postmenopausal women for hormone replacement, the benefits of estrogen-progestogen therapy must be weighed against possible risks.
 ...
PMID:The menopause. 351 23

Noradrenergic (alpha 1 and beta) and serotonergic (5HT1 and 5HT2) receptors were assayed in the brains of ovariectomized female rats treated for 2 weeks with estrogen, progesterone or a combination of both hormones. Estrogen treatment resulted in a decrease in the number of 5HT1 and beta adrenergic receptors, with a concomitant increase in 5HT2 receptors. Progesterone alone caused a smaller increase in 5HT2 receptors, a similar decrease in 5HT1 and had no significant effect on noradrenergic receptors. When given with estrogen, progesterone blocked the estrogen effect on 5HT2 receptors but did not inhibit the estrogen-mediated decrease in 5HT1 and beta adrenergic receptors. alpha 1 adrenergic receptors were not affected by any of the hormone treatment paradigms. beta adrenergic and 5HT2 receptors are often implicated in antidepressant action, and the modulation of these two receptor types by ovarian hormones might be relevant to hormone-linked affective changes such as premenstrual tension and post-partum depression.
 ...
PMID:Serotonergic and noradrenergic receptors in the rat brain: modulation by chronic exposure to ovarian hormones. 618 18

To inhibit endometrial stimulation during postmenopausal estrogen therapy, 25 women with climacteric symptoms were treated with a daily dose of 1.25 mg of conjugated estrogens for 7 weeks followed by a period of 10 days with clomiphene citrate administration (50 mg per day). This combination was repeated three times during the 6-month trial. The marked relief of climacteric symptoms with estrogen was slightly less during clomiphene treatment. Uterine bleeding occurred five times during estrogen treatment periods but never during or after clomiphene supplementation. Histologic examination revealed endometrial atrophy in 41% of the samples after the first estrogen treatment, whereas after the first and third clomiphene periods this was increased to 77% and 73%, respectively. The first clomiphene treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of cytosol estrogen and progestin receptors in endometrium, as compared with the levels recorded at the end of the preceding estrogen therapy. The depression in the cytosol estrogen receptor concentration was persistent, whereas cytosol progestin receptor concentration tended to increase during the subsequent estrogen-plus-clomiphene treatment. Estrogen declined serum concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), whereas the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin remained unchanged. Clomiphene did not change the levels of these hormones from those observed during the estrogen treatment. The concentration of free fatty acids in serum was increased during the estrogen and clomiphene treatments, whereas the levels of cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein--cholesterol did not change. Our results suggest that this treatment regimen relieves climacteric symptoms without endometrial stimulation or other adverse effects. Thus, clomiphene appears to be a practical alternative to progestin for interruption of the postmenopausal endometrial effect of estrogen.
 ...
PMID:Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy with estrogen periodically supplemented with antiestrogen. 626 54

Certain metabolic effects were investigated in post-menopausal women undergoing oral estrogen replacement therapy for 6 months using various substances. The increases in serum concentration of the estrogen-sensitive proteins, pregnancy zone protein (PZP), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) had very similar and dose-dependent patterns. Ethinyl-estradiol was found to be much more potent than the "natural" estrogens. Estriol in various doses did not increase the protein level. Gonadotropin inhibition occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In terms of FSH suppression ethinyl-estradiol was approximately 120 times as potent as the "natural" estrogens. There was a striking resemblance between the "estrogenicity" of four different estrogens when expressed both in inhibition of gonadotropins and in induction of the two serum proteins SHBG and ceruloplasmin. Estriol caused a significant depression of FSH when given orally in a dose of 2 mg three times daily. Prolactin was found to decrease during treatment with low doses of estrogens. Estrogen therapy was found to have only moderate effects on adrenal androgens. Tamoxifen, and anti-estrogen, was found to exert distinctly estrogenic effects during treatment of post-menopausal women. In post-menopausal women with low amounts of circulating estrogens the tamoxifen-receptor complex itself may produce a net estrogenic response. Serum samples from post-menopausal women treated with ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg and estrone sulphate 2.5 mg daily were found to reduce the lymphocyte reactivity in mixed lymphocyte cultures.
 ...
PMID:Estrogen replacement therapy after the menopause. Estrogenicity and metabolic effects. 628 33


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>