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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intrusive trauma-related thoughts and the means to manage them are a central dynamic in posttraumatic stress. Thought control strategies were investigated in survivors of motor vehicle accidents with either acute stress disorder (ASD; n = 20) or no ASD (n = 20). Participants completed the Acute Stress Disorder Interview, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Impact of Event Scale, and the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) within four weeks of their accident. Although distraction, social control, and reappraisal were the most common strategies in both groups, ASD participants engaged in punishment and worry more than non-ASD participants. Worry and punishment were also strongly associated with severity of intrusive, avoidance, arousal, and depressive symptoms. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of cognitive strategies in resolving posttraumatic stress.
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PMID:Thought control strategies in acute stress disorder. 974 1

Cognitive bias was investigated in survivors of motor vehicle accidents with either acute stress disorder (ASD; n = 17) or no ASD (n = 17). Participants completed the acute stress disorder interview, the Beck depression inventory, the Beck anxiety inventory, the impact of event scale, and a probability questionnaire (PQ) and a cost questionnaire (CQ) within four weeks of their accident. ASD participants exaggerated both the probability of negative events occurring, and the adverse cost of those events more than non-ASD participants. IES-Avoidance scores were the only significant predictors of both PQ and CQ scores. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of cognitive errors in posttraumatic adjustment.
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PMID:Cognitive bias in acute stress disorder. 974 2

Cognitive bias was investigated in acutely traumatised civilians with either acute stress disorder (ASD; n = 26) or no ASD (n = 24). Participants completed the Acute Stress Disorder Interview, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Impact of Event Scale (IES), and an Event Probability Questionnaire and an Event Cost Questionnaire that comprised items pertaining to (a) external harm, (b) somatic sensations and (c) social events. ASD participants exaggerated both the probability of negative external harm, somatic and social events occurring, and the adverse cost of those events more than non-ASD participants. Elevated probability and cost estimates were predicted by BAI and IES-Avoidance scores, respectively. These findings are discussed in the context of different patterns observed in other anxiety disorders, and interpreted in terms of network theories of posttraumatic stress.
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PMID:The generality of cognitive bias in acute stress disorder. 1087 92

In the article, clinical symptoms of disorders presently considered posttraumatic have been comprised. Apart from PTSD and ASD they constitute personality changes, chronic and brief psychotic disorders and depression. Most disorders were described from the perspective of ICD and DSM criteria. The analysis of classic (KZ-Syndrome) and postulated disorders (COMPLEX PTSD) were added as well as the most frequently misinterpreted ones, that is adaptation disorders in ICD, with the reactions to trauma. The article was completed with a questionnaire which helps the researchers verify the diagnosis and differentiate between PTSD, ASD and a permanent personality change. The questionnaire may be a convenient way to estimate the number of symptoms and their descriptions for the consultation and certification purposes.
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PMID:[Comparative diagnosis of posttraumatic disorders]. 1577 Nov 56

Stress proliferation (the tendency of stressors to engender additional stressors in other life domains) is explored in a sample of 68 parents of children identified with ASD. Regression analyses showed that parent depression was predicted by both child symptom severity and by stress proliferation and that stress proliferation partially mediated the effect of child symptom severity on parent depression. In addition, informal social support was found to reduce levels of parent stress proliferation and parent depression; however, contrary to the stress buffering hypothesis, the ameliorative effect of support on stress proliferation was shown to be greatest when reported child symptomatology was less (rather than more) severe. Study implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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PMID:The impact of child symptom severity on depressed mood among parents of children with ASD: the mediating role of stress proliferation. 1683 10

This study aimed at the identification of acute and post-traumatic stress responses, and comorbid mental disorders in breast cancer patients. Structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV (SCID) were conducted post-surgery with 127 patients (t1). Screening measures were used to assess post-traumatic stress responses, anxiety, and depression at t1 and at 6 months follow-up (t2). Based on the SCID, prevalence rates were 2.4% for both, cancer-related ASD and PTSD. Experiences most frequently described as traumatic were the cancer diagnosis itself and subsequent feelings of uncertainty. Patients with lifetime PTSD (8.7%) were more likely to meet the criteria for cancer-related ASD or PTSD (OR=14.1). Prevalence estimates were 7.1% for Adjustment Disorder, 4.7% for Major Depression, 3.1% for Dysthymic Disorder and 6.3% for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Using the screening instruments, IES-R, PCL-C and HADS, we found PTSD in 18.5% at t1 and 11.2-16.3% at t2. The estimates of anxiety and depression reveal rates of 39.6% (t1) and 32.7% (t2) for anxiety, as well as 16.0% (t1) and 13.3% (t2) for depression (t1) (cut-off> or =8). The diagnosis of a life-threatening illness has been included as a potential trauma in the DSM-IV. However, it has to be critically evaluated whether subjective feelings of uncertainty like fears of treatment count among traumatic stressors, and thus, whether the diagnosis of PTSD is appropriate in this group of cancer patients. However, a large number of women with emotional distress illustrate the need for psychosocial counseling and support in this early treatment phase.
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PMID:Prevalence of acute and post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid mental disorders in breast cancer patients during primary cancer care: a prospective study. 1685 47

This article focuses on the possibility that autism spectrum disorder (ASD: Asperger syndrome, autism and atypical autism) in its milder forms may be clinically important among a substantial proportion of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and discusses OCD subtypes based on this proposition. The hypothesis derives from extensive clinical experience of OCD and ASD, and literature searches on MEDLINE. Neuropsychological deficits are more common in OCD than in panic disorder and depression. Moreover, obsessive-compulsive and schizotypal personality disorders are over-represented in OCD. These may constitute mis-perceived clinical manifestations of ASD. Furthermore, repetitive behaviours and hoarding are common in Asperger syndrome. It is suggested that the comorbidity results in a more severe and treatment resistant form of OCD. OCD with comorbid ASD should be recognized as a valid OCD subtype, analogous to OCD with comorbid tics. An odd personality, with paranoid, schizotypal, avoidant or obsessive-compulsive traits, may indicate these autistic dimensions in OCD patients.
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PMID:An autistic dimension: a proposed subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder. 1735 11

Stress proliferation (the tendency for stressors to create additional stressors) has been suggested as an important contributor to depression among caregivers. The present study utilized longitudinal data from 90 parents of children with ASD to replicate and extend a prior cross-sectional study on stress proliferation by Benson (J Autism Develop Disord 36:685-695, 2006). Consistent with Benson's earlier findings, regression analyses indicated that stress proliferation mediated the effect of child symptom severity on parent depression. Parent anger was also found to mediate the effect of symptom severity on stress proliferation as well as the effect of stress proliferation on parent depression. Finally, informal social support was found to be related to decreased parent depressed mood over time. Implications of study findings are discussed.
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PMID:Anger, stress proliferation, and depressed mood among parents of children with ASD: a longitudinal replication. 1870 48

To characterize quality of life and psychological well-being in the new growing population of older patients who underwent trans-catheter closure of the secundum ASD. Twenty-seven patients, aged 60 years and older, who underwent trans-catheter ASD closure and 27 age and gender matched controls answered the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the cardiac-specific module of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire. Pre- and post-ASD closure pulmonary artery pressure (Pap), and the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional capacity class were recorded from medical records. Almost 77% improvement in Pap and 57% improvement in functional status were found. More than 70% reported low/mild depressive symptoms and 59% reported low/mild anxiety in both groups. Almost 78% of ASD patients and 89% of controls reported high/very high levels of HRQoL. Significantly better QoL was reported by the controls. Lower post-ASD closure Pap scores were associated with better QoL, but were not significantly related to levels of depression and anxiety scores. Preoccupation with the ASD closure was related to higher pre-closure Pap scores, worse QoL, and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Following ASD closure, depression and anxiety symptoms were in the low range, and HRQoL scores for most patients were in the high range.
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PMID:Psychological functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older patients following percutaneous closure of the secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). 1943 75

The present study investigated the extent of dysfunctional appraisal as measured with the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) and physiological responses to trauma-related material in patients with acute stress disorder (ASD; N=44) in comparison to participants without trauma exposure (N=27). Heart-rate (HR), skin conductance responses (SCR), and viewing time were recorded in response to - for trauma victims - idiosyncratically trauma-relevant and control pictures. ASD patients evidenced greater dysfunctional appraisal than control participants with regard to the PTCI scales Self and World and also an accelerative HR reaction and greater SCRs to trauma-relevant pictures. Among patients, PTCI was highly correlated with ASD severity while PTCI World was positively correlated with resting HR and depression. Amplitude of the HR reaction to trauma-related pictures was negatively correlated with viewing time. Results suggest that dysfunctional appraisal and autonomic reactivity are only loosely related in ASD.
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PMID:Dysfunctional cognitive appraisal and psychophysiological reactivity in acute stress disorder. 1960 67


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