Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many commonly used anesthetics cause hypothermia by inhibiting central and peripheral thermoregulatory mechanisms. Although it is probable that a loss of thermal homeostasis contributes directly to the high mortality frequently reported following anesthesia of laboratory rodents, this adverse effect has been investigated rarely in the past. This study compared the effects of three parenteral anesthetics (pentobarbital, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam) and a neuroleptanalgesic (fentanyl-droperidol) on core and surface body temperature regulation in rats. Results showed a profound hypothermia with all dosages of pentobarbital, while ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam caused a dose-dependent depression in core and surface body temperature. All dosages of fentanyl-droperidol (Innovar-Vet) caused minimal depression in thermoregulation, suggesting that it is the drug which requires the least external thermal support. Results of this study also suggested that inability to compensate for heat loss, particularly from the body core, may profoundly influence anesthetic toxicity and the safety of anesthetic procedures.
 ...
PMID:The effects of pentobarbital, fentanyl-droperidol, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam on core and surface body temperature regulation in adult male rats. 343 50

It is generally accepted that droperidol as a dopaminergic blocking agent has some influence on heart function. Therefore, a study was performed to investigate the effect of droperidol on the so-called ischaemic ST-T segment depression in the ECG. Droperidol treatment 0.1 mg/kg b.w. in a single i.m. injection was performed in 30 patients 21 women and 9 men, aged 15-55 years producing marked ST-T depression in at least two conventional leads, at rest. Droperidol had a beneficial effect in the majority of patients, i.e. the ST-T segment inversion had normalized in 23%, and improved in 30%. It is concluded that droperidol abolishes the ST-T alteration produced by dopaminergic mechanism.
 ...
PMID:The effect of droperidol on the ST-T segment of the ECG. 367 Oct 17

A therapeutic regimen is described for sedative, analgesic, and anti-emetic effect in patients receiving intra-arterial carmustine (BCNU) for malignant gliomas. This regimen consists of nalbuphine, 30 mg, i.v., and droperidol, 2.5 mg, i.v., given immediately prior to intra-carotid BCNU infusion. Droperidol, 2.5 mg, i.v., is then administered on four hour intervals for sixteen hours post-procedure. This combination provided excellent effect in nine patients treated for twelve intra-carotid infusions. None of the nine patients experienced vomiting, one experienced mild nausea several hours post-infusion, and non complained of severe pain or discomfort. Thirteen additional patients received diazepam, 10 mg, P.O., prior to the intra-carotid BCNU infusion, with fentanyl, 100 mcg, i.v., and prochlorperazine, 10 mg, i.m. at the onset of infusion. All thirteen patients suffered from severe nausea, vomiting, and orbital pain. The nalbuphine/droperidol combination is thought to provide a superior alternative to the traditional narcotic/pheonothiazine/benzodiazepine combination for carotid BCNU infusion. This combination has theoretical advantages for the patient with intracranial mass lesions by providing analgesia and sedation with minimal potential for respiratory depression and carbon dioxide retention.
 ...
PMID:Nalbuphine and droperidol in combination for sedation and prevention of nausea and vomiting during intra-carotid BCNU infusion. 395 77

Two groups of 100 children each who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy were anaesthetised by halothane 1% or by a neuroleptic technique (NLA) using fentanyl 0.0025 mg/kg and droperidol 0.125 mg/kg as a fixed combination (Thalamonal). Both techniques were supplemented with nitrous oxide/oxygen 4/2 l. All children were premedicated with atropine 0.015 mg/kg, fentanyl 0.0025 mg/kg and droperidol 0.125 mg/kg i.m. Quality of premedication and postoperative behaviour and analgesia were assessed by standardised criteria. 93% of the patients arrived at the theatre sleeping or detached, 75% showed almost no reactions to venipuncture. Heart rate during surgery in both groups increased by 13%, mean arterial blood pressure in the NLA group increased by 9% and in the halothane group dropped by 5%. Postoperatively blood pressure in NLA patients returned to normal, while in the halothane group there was a transient rise by 10%. Protective reflexes and consciousness were restored in the NLA group earlier. After halothane, stridor occurred in eight cases upon extubation. Postoperative analgesia scores in NLA patients were double those in the halothane group. Moderate metabolic acidosis and slight hypercapnia were postoperatively present in both groups twice. Modified neuroleptanaesthesia proved equal to halothane anaesthesia for ENT surgery. No respiratory depression was seen. Advantages like uncomplicated quick recovery and protracted postoperative analgesia are opposed by disadvantages like inferior vegetative blockade and inferior pharmacokinetics. Close postoperative supervision in a recovery room is a prerequisite to using this NLA technique.
 ...
PMID:[The use of neuroleptanesthesia in adenotonsillectomy in children]. 643 37

In vitro experiments on the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation, stimulated directly or indirectly with supramaximal impulses at 0.1 Hz revealed that pethidine in concentrations greater than 5 micrograms ml-1 caused a rapid increase of the twitch. This was maximal (60% increase during direct and 70% increase during indirect stimulation) with pethidine 75 micrograms ml-1. With concentrations of pethidine greater than 40 micrograms ml-1, the initial increase was followed by a slowly developing inhibition of the twitch (50% depression with 46.0 and 50.4 micrograms ml-1 during direct and indirect stimulation, respectively). Droperidol caused no increase in twitch, but it depressed the twitch by 50% at concentrations of 9.8 and 6.9 micrograms ml-1 during direct and indirect stimulation, respectively. The increase in twitch produced by pethidine was augmented by 4-aminopyridine and inhibited by verapamil during both direct and indirect stimulation. Tubocurarine antagonized the augmentation of the twitch by pethidine only during indirect stimulation. The pethidine- and droperidol-induced inhibition of the twitch could be reversed by washout, but it was not antagonized by neostigmine or 4-aminopyridine. The inhibitory effect of pethidine and droperidol were additive. Sub-effective inhibitory concentrations of pethidine and droperidol, and those of tubocurarine, pancuronium and suxamethonium, independently of the sequence of their administration, mutually increased the myoneural effects of one another. The resulting twitch depression could be reversed by washout. The inhibition caused by the combination of pethidine with tubocurarine or pancuronium was partially antagonized by neostigmine or 4-aminopyridine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Myoneural effects of pethidine and droperidol. 669 80

True reference values (TRV) should ultimately be determined in blood from inactive, unstimulated rats but in practice, acceptable reference values (ARV) may be established using blood from decapitated or anesthetized animals if one is cognizant of variations associated with blood sampling procedures. Data reported here illustrate some variations in serum biochemical values following decapitation or anesthesia. Decapitation does not provide serum in which ARV for sodium, potassium or lactate dehydrogenase can be found but ARV can be determined for glucose, insulin and several other parameters. It is suggested that both TRV and ARV for serum electrolytes be determined using serum from cannulated rats. All three anesthetics raised glucose levels and ether and halothane increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Both halothane and Innovar-VetR decreased insulin:glucose ratios suggesting inhibition of insulin release from the pancreas. Innovar-VetR also produced hypoxia due to severe respiratory depression and bradycardia as well as hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia and hyperphosphatemia. Techniques most likely to provide ARV should be of the shortest possible duration, afford least respiratory and cardiovascular suppression and minimize stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
 ...
PMID:Variation of rat serum biochemical values following decapitation or anesthesia with ether, halothane or Innovar-VetR: rapid Innovar-VetR-induced hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia. 704 81

Myogenic motor-evoked responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex (tcmag-MERs) may become clinically useful for the noninvasive assessment of motor pathway conduction during surgery. However, application is hindered because most anesthetic regimens result in severe depression of tcmag-MER amplitudes. As part of our systematic attempts to identify anesthetic agents and supplements suitable for use during tcmag-MER recording, we studied the effect of bolus doses of pentobarbital (1.5 mg/kg), droperidol (0.07 mg/kg), or ketamine (1 mg/kg), administered intravenously, on compound muscle action potentials to transcranial magnetic stimulation in five healthy volunteers. The doses were chosen to be comparable with doses that might be suitable for supplementation of a nitrous oxide/opioid anesthetic technique. Droperidol administration resulted in sustained amplitude depression of both tibialis and adductor pollicis tc-MERs to 30 +/- 9% and 39 +/- 14% of baseline (P < 0.01). Tcmag-MER amplitude changes after pentobarbital were variable, ranging from no change to substantial amplitude depression (to 20% of baseline) in two subjects. In contrast, ketamine administration did not result in significant amplitude depression. In three subjects, tibialis anterior amplitude increased to 150 to 220% of control values in the first 10 minutes after ketamine. Onset latency was unchanged after any drug. These data indicate that tcmag-MERs are moderately depressed after droperidol and pentobarbital but well preserved after ketamine. Ketamine may be a more suitable supplement to opioid/nitrous oxide anesthesia than droperidol or pentobarbital.
 ...
PMID:Effects of droperidol, pentobarbital, and ketamine on myogenic transcranial magnetic motor-evoked responses in humans. 788 50

1. Fever was produced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide E. coli (LPS; 1 micrograms/kg). Immediately after pyrogen administration, body temperature started increasing until it reached a maximum level (1.7 degrees C) at the 3rd hour of the experiment. The febrile response was accompanied by stimulation of metabolic heat production (maximum by 0.31 W/kg), falls in Te (maximum 7.2 degrees C) and Eres (maximum 0.05 W/kg). 2. Thirty minutes after pyrogen administration, the rabbits were treated intravenously with alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, in the form of a bolus injection (1 ml/kg). All the tested drugs reduced fever from 20% by CRN to 105% by PRA. The antipyretic effect of DOX, BMY, PRA, DHBP was associated with inhibition of metabolism and vasodilation of the ear skin. The rest of the compounds produced antipyresis mainly by depression of metabolism. Apart from PRA and CRN, which inhibited Eres three times, the other compounds did not affect heat exchange from the respiratory tract. 3. One may conclude that the antipyretic effect is a general feature of alpha 1-adrenergic blocking drugs, and is accompanied by inhibition of heat production and/or stimulation of heat loss processes. The antipyretic properties of these blockers might be significant from the clinical point of view.
 ...
PMID:Antipyresis as a result of alpha-1 adrenoceptor blockade. 809 44

The artificially ventilated guinea pig was frequently used for neurophysiological and respiratory studies. This species is also preferable for an evaluation of hemoglobin based artificial oxygen carriers, because its oxygen hemoglobin binding is very similar to that of man. But the narcosis of this animal-species is very difficult, because of cardiorespiratory depression induced by conventional procedures. The following intraperitoneal administered neuroleptanesthesia was proved in guinea pigs: 0.2 mg Fentanyl (Janssen/D), 10 mg Droperidol (Janssen/D) and 400 mg Urethan in 10 ml isotonic sodium chloride solution per kg body weight. Our new animal model with a special valve system enables to assess the gas exchange under spontaneous breathing, cardiovascular and the acid-base parameters. The vital parameters of animals were stable over 6 hours and very close to those of awake animals, especially the arterial average blood pressure. For that reason, this established neuroleptanesthesia of guinea pigs is preferable for research purpose. The fasted animals show significantly decreased values of arterial blood pH (7,345 vs. 7401), of heart frequency (244 vs. 277 min(-1)), and of ventilation value (167 vs. 205 ml/min) compared to non-fasted animals.
 ...
PMID:[An extended evaluation of a neuroleptanesthesia for the guinea pig with analysis of mixed expiratory gases during spontaneous breathing. Effects of fasting on the cardiorespiratory system and metabolism]. 1977 59


<< Previous 1 2