Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Long lasting intensive physical exercise leads to growth retardation. Short-limbed girls are selected for the training as gymnasts. In a preliminary study with 9 gymnasts a significant decrease of the IGF-I concentration was found after intensive 3-day exercise. This experiment was repeated with 16 girls (11.7 +/- 0.8 years old). The higher the initial DHEA-S and E2 concentration of the gymnasts, the higher were the IGF-I basal levels. The intensive training resulted in the following changes (basal after exercise): IGF-I: 247 +/- 86-->188 +/- 77 ng/ml, T3: 2.4 +/- 0.4-->2.1 +/- 0.3 nmol/l, T4: 96 +/- 15-->98 +/- 19 nmol/l, DHEA-S: 930 +/- 636-->1018 +/- 701 nmol/l, testosterone: 1.5 +/- 0.3-->1.9 +/- 0.4 nmol/l, cortisol: 824 +/- 272-->799 +/- 219 nmol/l. During the 3-day intensive training, the parallel decrease of IGF-I and T3 concentrations in each sportswomen is particularly impressive. Apart from the sequelae of 'negative' selection, the low T3-syndrome, the anti-insulin effect of high GH secretion and the elevated cortisol concentration are responsible for the growth depression, retardation in bone age and the higher incidence of skeletal problems in these gymnasts with 'exercise-induced' delay in development.
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PMID:Influence of intensive exercise on insulin-like growth factor I, thyroid and steroid hormones in female gymnasts. 184 68

Intraindividual comparisons of diets supplemented with sunflowerseed oil (rich in linoleic acid, LA, C18:2n-6), linseed oil (enriched with alpha-linolenic acid, LNA, C18:3n-3) and canned mackerel (rich in eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, C20:5n-3 and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, C22:6n-3) were made in 30 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) of phenotypes IIa (n = 9), IIb (n = 7), IV (n = 7) and V (n = 7). The lipid- and blood pressure-lowering effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly those of the EPA- and DHA-rich diet, were confirmed irrespective of the type of HLP. Apolipoproteins A-I and B remained unchanged. The most remarkable finding was a substantial depression of free fatty acids (FFA) within a standardized glucose tolerance test (GTT) associated with the fall of serum triglycerides after diets enriched with n-6 and especially after those supplemented with n-3 PUFA. It was suggested that the decrease of FFA indicates reduced peripheral lipolysis, which might be a hitherto ignored factor involved in the triglyceride-lowering action of n-6 and, more pronounced, of n-3 PUFA.
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PMID:A possible contribution of decrease in free fatty acids to low serum triglyceride levels after diets supplemented with n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 214 66

Alterations in beta-adrenergic receptors (BAR) of human mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) are considered to reflect changes in central noradrenergic function and have been studied in a number of diseases. This paper critically reviews the results of recent studies on MNL-BAR in depression, with particular emphasis on the biochemical and clinical methodologies used. Despite considerable differences in these methods, a number of laboratories report consistent decreases in MNL-BAR density and significantly reduced functional response in patients as compared to controls. These studies used MNL, isolated from patients who had a greater than 14 day drug washout, and BAR-densities were measured in membrane preparations, using full Scatchard analyses, and 125I-ICYP or 3H-DHA as the ligand. Functional response of MNL-BARs was assessed by the determination of isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation. A comparison of methods used by these groups further indicates that additional biochemical parameters such as lymphocyte preparation and standardized experimental conditions for the binding assays are also important for obtaining consistent results. The clinical methods in rigorous study designs also include clearly stated inclusion/exclusion criteria for patients, and age-, and gender-matched patient-control populations. Whether the reduced MNL-BAR density and function is an inherited abnormality in depressed patients, or results from downregulation by elevated catecholamines is at present not known. Studies are needed to characterize further the changes in MNL-BARs in depression and to evaluate the effects of caetcholamines and hormones on this system. Based on critical assessment of the methods reviewed we propose specific biochemical and clinical guidelines, and recommend, that these be followed in future studies on MNL-BARs in this disease.
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PMID:Studies on leukocyte beta-adrenergic receptors in depression: a critical appraisal. 216 18

Patients (n = 23) with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were given 18 g/day fish oil in gelatin capsules which provided 3.2 g/day EPA and 2.0 g/day DHA. The treatment period was 12 weeks followed by a 4 week washout period. Fish oil supplementation to the diet resulted in a substantial increase in the content of EPA and DHA in each of the plasma fractions examined (PL, TG, and CE). Little change was seen in the AA level of the TG and CE fractions but a modest decrease in AA was seen in PL. However the intake of fish oil caused a significant depression in the content of DGLA in the PL (p less than 0.005) and CE (p less than 0.01) fractions relative to baseline values. All changes had reverted to near baseline levels 4 weeks after dietary intervention. Since DGLA is the precursor of PGE1, which has been shown to be anti-inflammatory, our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of fish oil consumption could be mitigated by an associated reduction in DGLA.
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PMID:The effect of dietary fish oil supplement upon the content of dihomo-gammalinolenic acid in human plasma phospholipids. 216 63

1. In confirmation of previous studies, serum obtained from cord blood demonstrated endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactivity (EDLI). Sera from pregnant women in the third trimester also demonstrated EDLI, which disappeared after delivery. 2. Cord serum inhibited the total sodium efflux rate constant of a mixed leucocyte preparation when compared with the effect of control serum. This inhibition resulted from a depression of the ouabain-sensitive (sodium pump) component of the rate constant. 3. An ultrafiltrate of the serum (mol. wt. less than 30,000) also inhibited ouabain-sensitive leucocyte sodium transport when compared with filtrate obtained from control serum. 4. DHA-S Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA-S) and cortisone, both present in high concentration in cord serum, demonstrated EDLI but did not affect leucocyte sodium transport in the cells of normal subjects. 5. DHA-S had no effect on sodium transport or vasoconstrictor activity in human omental resistance vessels. 6. It is concluded that EDLI of cord serum is associated with sodium transport inhibitory activity. This is unlikely to be attributable to DHA-S or cortisone.
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PMID:Evidence for an inhibitor of leucocyte sodium transport in the serum of neonates. 365 34

Propranolol (3.6 mg kg-1 day-1) was administered to guinea pigs for 14 days via subcutaneously implanted "Alzet" osmotic minipumps. Blockade of cardiac and vascular beta-adrenoceptors was confirmed by a depression of heart rate and blood pressure responses to isoprenaline in anaesthetized animals. After 14 days of propranolol treatment, minipumps were removed and 48 h later beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity was determined in cardiac and lung tissues. Left atrial inotropic responses were unaltered following propranolol withdrawal. However, right atrial chronotropic responses to sympathomimetic amines were supersensitive when compared with tissues from animals implanted with empty minipumps. Relaxation responses of lung strip preparations to beta-adrenoceptor agonists after withdrawal of propranolol were similar to controls. (3H)Dihydroalprenolol binding to ventricular and lung tissue indicated that there was no change in either the dissociation constant (KD) or the maximum number of (3H)DHA binding sites (Bm) in these tissues. These results suggest that following withdrawal from beta-adrenoceptor antagonist treatment there is a selective increase in the chronotropic sensitivity of the heart to sympathomimetic amines.
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PMID:Ex vivo examination of beta-adrenoceptor characteristics after propranolol withdrawal. 620 29

Halothane depresses the inotropic state of the heart, possibly by decreasing the rate of formation of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) through depression of the activity of adenylate cyclase, the cAMP-generating enzyme. As catecholamines regulate the inotropic state and adenylate cyclase activity by binding to myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors, the effect of halothane on binding to these receptors was studied to determine whether this was a site of halothane effect. Beta-adrenergic binding was measured at binding equilibrium in vitro in a canine myocardial membrane preparation in the absence and presence of halothane, 3 to 5 vol%, using as the radioligand 3H-dihydroalprenolol (3H-DHA), a beta-adrenergic antagonist with high affinity and radioactivity. In addition, the effect of halothane on the binding of l-isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, was measured by displacement of 3H-DHA. The results indicate that halothane has no effect on either the affinity of canine myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors for 3H-DHA or l-isoproterenol, nor does it alter the number of available receptors at binding equilibrium.
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PMID:Halothane effect on beta-adrenergic receptors in canine myocardium. 626 32

Acute and chronic stress as well as a number of psychiatric and neurological disorders are accompanied by profound disturbances of the HPA system. These neuroendocrine alterations act back on the central nervous tissue mainly via corticosteroids-affecting glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. The major conclusions drawn from studies probing these receptors in clinical investigations are: (1) In many such conditions central corticosteroid receptors are weakened in their capacity to curtail spontaneous and stress-elevated corticosteroid levels; (2) the combined DEX-CRH test is the best neuroendocrine tool currently available for identifying HPA abnormalities in psychiatric patients; (3) in depression the decreased corticosteroid receptor capacity in transient, and antidepressants act through reinstatement of GR and MR function probably resulting in reduced hypothalamic CRH and AVP production; (4) several neurological disorders such as MS and HIV infection are often accompanied by altered HPA function, which has therapeutic implications; and (5) various corticosteroids, their biosynthetic precursors and their metabolites have differentiable effects on the sleep EEG, which can be attributed to their mode of action; specifically, steroids such as pregnenolone and DHEA most likely are produced in glia cells and act in a paracrine fashion at neurons, thus modifying the sleep EEG in humans in a manner that suggests their potential as memory enhancers.
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PMID:Steroid effects on central neurons and implications for psychiatric and neurological disorders. 782 89

The subject of aged people and stress was discussed from both clinical and basic points of view, mainly by introducing our research results, beginning with our immunoneuroendocrine studies on aging and stress. Stress stimulates the secretion of two adrenal hormones, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S). Both hormones are metabolized and excreted from the kidney, respectively converting to 17-OHCS and 17-KS-S in the urine. We have found that the two adrenal steroids reflect the physiology and pathophysiology of stress and aging, thereby suggesting that the simultaneous analysis of these parameters could be utilized as new biological markers for stress and aging. It was speculated that a disturbed balance between cortisol and DHEA-S would result in various aging- and stress-related disorders. Furthermore, clinical problems in aged people with stress-related diseases such as psychosomatic diseases, neurosis and depression were illustrated by some interesting cases. In particular, much data about peptic ulcer disease in the aged, a typical psychosomatic disease, were presented. In addition, clinical characteristics of old people with irritable bowel syndrome, aerophagia, neurogenic abdominal distention and depression were described. Data of our research to determine why pancreatic cancer is accompanied with depression so frequently were also presented. Finally, it was emphasized that a holistic approach, paying to sufficient attention to psychosomatic aspects, is very important for the management of stress diseases in the aged.
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PMID:[Aged people and stress]. 802 98

Burned individuals display a reduced ability to elicit cellular and humoral immune responses and a depression in the vitro production of certain T-cell lymphokines. Treatment of burned mice with 100 micrograms of dehydroepiandrosterone within 1 hour after injury resulted in preserving a completely normal capacity to produce T-cell-derived lymphokines and to generate cellular immune responses. In addition, dehydroepiandrosterone-treated thermally injured mice demonstrated an above-normal ability to resist an induced infection with the intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. Dehydroepiandrosterone-treated animals also did not exhibit the sustained plasma levels of interleukin 6 that normally accompany thermal injury and infection. Because of its antiglucocorticoid effects and positive immunoregulatory influences, we believe dehydroepiandrosterone to be a beneficial form of therapy for thermally injured individuals.
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PMID:Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone to burned mice preserves normal immunologic competence. 844 90


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