Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glucose tolerance and in vivo incorporation of glucose into liver glycogen were investigated in rats fed high carbohydrate diets containing glucose or fructose as the sole carbohydrate source. As compared with control glucose-adapted rats, a slight deterioration of the glucose tolerance was observed in fructose-adapted rats. The possivle cause of the deteriorated glucose tolerance in fructose-adapted rats seems to be among others reduced glucose incorporation into liver glycogen and a smaller depression of endogenous glucose production by exogenous glucose.
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PMID:Liver glycogen synthesis and glucose tolerance in rats adapted to diets with a high proportion of fructose or glucose. 66 8

Autoradiography with [14C]deoxyglucose was used to study the architectural pattern of glucose utilization in the motor cortex of rats during focal penicillin seizures. The seizure focus was characterized by a well circumscribed area whose metabolic activity was increased 2-3 times normal. This was tightly surrounded by cortex that was normal or slightly depressed. The posterior third of the focus showed an increase in glucose utilization in a columnar pattern with particular accentuation of activity in lamina V. There was a loss of normal activity in lamina IV within the focus and in somatosensory and occipital cortex far behind the focus. This depression was particularly prominent in the ipsilateral barrel field. Increased metabolic activity was found in a small area in contralateral homotopic cortex, in lamina Vb with columns extending above this from lamina IV to the surface. Glucose utilization was accentuated 1.2-1.8 fold in the ipsilateral secondary somatosensory area, but was normal in the contralateral cortex. The intensity of focal seizures was increased by the intracortical injection of more penicillin or by giving intravenous metrazol. Both of these methods resulted in an increase in the size of the focus as determined with [14C]deoxyglucose. This was most prominent on the lateral border in lamina I-II and V. In addition, there was an accentuation of the columnar pattern in the posterior part of the focus, ipsilateral somatosensory cortex, and contralateral motor cortex. The architectural pattern of glucose utilization in the cortex during focal seizures is discussed with reference to corticocortical, commissural, and corticothalamic circuits that have been identified by others in anatomical studies. Superimposed on this structure are physiological principles of recurrent excitation, lateral spread, and surround inhibition that characterize basic electrophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy, and influence the intensity of activity within the architectural design.
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PMID:Use of cortical circuits during focal penicillin seizures: an autoradiographic study with [14C]deoxyglucose. 67 86

The effects of two chemotactic factors, endotoxin activated serm (EAS) and casein and a number of drugs known to affect intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels and various froms of neutrophil movement, on neutrophil anaerobic glycolysis and hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity were assessed. EAS caused stimulation of glycolysis. HMPS activity and NBT reduction, but casein was without effect on glycolysis and NBT reduction and inhibited HMPS activity. Drug known to increase intracellular cAMP levels caused a depression of HMPS activity whereas those reported to elevate cGMP had a variety of effects. Glycolysis was not affected by any of these agents. These results indicate a lack of relationship between cyclic nucleotide effect on cell motility and neutrophil glycolysis and HMPS activity.
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PMID:The effect of chemotactic factors and agents which influence neutrophil movement on anaerobic glycolysis and hexose monophosphate shunt activity. 68 Jul 98

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) produced an initial stimulation followed by depression of the movements of the intact worm and nerve-muscle preparation of Setaria cervi. The effective concentration of DEC was reduced to one hundredth in the nerve-muscle preparation as compared to the whole worm, suggesting that the cuticular barrier is highly effective in preventing the penetration of the drugs. The depressant effect of DEC was concentration dependent and was not reversed even after repeated changes of the bath fluid. The worms consumed 7.7 mg +/- 0.2 glucose/g wet weight/hr. The consumption of glucose was directly proportional to its motor activity; it increased during the stimulant phase with low doses of DEC and decreased during the depressant phase.
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PMID:Effect of diethylcarbamazine on Setaria cervi in vitro. 68 Sep 45

We measured plasma concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, Ca2+, HCO3-, phosphate, lactate, glucose, total amino acids, and total protein, and also the total (freezing point depression) osmolality and the colloid osmotic pressures. Conversion of chemically measured concentrations to osmolalities showed that unrecognized solute (s) were present in maternal (7 mM) and fetal (12 mM) plasma. Statistically reliable transplacental gradients existed only for calcium ion, phosphate, and amino acids, Ionic Na, K Mg, Cl, Ca, HCO3 and lactate were in electrochemical equilibrium at potential differences of -4.2 to +1.3 mV. Total plasma osmolalities were not significantly different in maternal and fetal plasmas in preparations in good condition, but fetal plasma osmolalities rose due to lactate secretion in asphyxiated fetuses. Colloid osmotic pressures were about 5 cmH2O higher in maternal plasmas before 45 days gestation and about 6 cmH2O higher in fetal plasmas after 60 days gestation. In the guinea pig, colloid osmotic pressures are at least as important as intravascular pressures in the regulation of transplacental water flow.
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PMID:Transplacental gradients in the guinea pig. 68 87

The inhibitory effects of gamma-oryzanol and atropine on the gastric secretion were studied using insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose as vagal stimulants. Pretreatment with gamma-oryzanol (100 mg/kg, s.c., once daily x 5) depressed the gastric secretion stimulated by insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose, but the potency was less than that with atropine (10 mg/kg, s.c.). gamma-Oryzanol had no effect on decrease in the serum glucose level or on increase in the gastrin level induced by insulin injection, while atropine enhanced these responses. From these results, it is considered that the inhibitory action of gamma-oryzanol on gastric secretion may be due to depression of the vagus system but the mode of action is different from that of atropine.
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PMID:[Effects of gamma-oryzanol and atropine on gastric secretion stimulated by insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (author's transl)]. 70 May 14

Clonidine is a hypotensive drug acting as an alpha-mimetic agent in the central nervous system and causing cardiovascular depression. Clonidine administration in animals and man causes slight hyperglycemia and lipid mobilization, as well as an increase in growth hormone levels. We have studied the effect of a 3-day oral treatment (78 microgram three times daily) upon glucose (5 g i.v.)- and tolbutamide (1 g i.v.)-induced insulin release in subjects without metabolic alterations. Acute insulin response (3 min after IVGTT) and insulin release (area between 0 and 10 min) were significantly reduced after clonidine treatment. Blood glucose levels were not affected by clonidine treatment; the insulinogenic index 3 min after the glucose load was significantly reduced by clonidine administration. There was neither an evident effect on tolbutamide-induced insulin release nor a modification of the hypoglycemic effect of tolbutamide. Clonidine did not affect basal lipolysis, evaluated in vitro as glycerol release from human subcutaneous adipose tissue fragments, while norepinephrine-induced lipolysis was slightly reduced. The results presented are compatible with an alpha-mimetic effect of clonidine on pancreatic and adipose tissue.
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PMID:Clonidine effect on insulin secretion and lipolysis in man. 70 1

In mice with alloxan-induced diabetes, humoral and cellular immunological reactivity were weak. The number of leucocytes, and especially lymphocytes, was reduced, and the weight and cellularity of lymphatic organs were lower than in normal mice. Treatment of diabetic mice with insulin reversed morphological and functional deficiency of the immunological system. Observed depression of immunological functions was attributed to impaired transport of glucose into immunocompetent cells, rather than to toxic effects of alloxan.
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PMID:Recovery of immune system in diabetic mice after treatment with insulin. 71 Nov 30

Based on the glucose infusion test, we find with 17.9 per cent of a group of anamnestically tainted pregnant women gestational diabetes, and with 5.7 per cent of this group a carbohydrate tolerance with disturbed boundaries. With probands having a carbohydrate tolerance with disturbed boundaries we find a significantly more frequent IRI-high-response. This coincidence of a carbohydrate tolerance in the border range and of an IRI-high-response might correspond to the early asymptomatic stage of diabetes. In the following stages, there will take place a depression of the early insulin phase with a pathological carbohydrate tolerance of the pregnant women in the sense of a gestational diabetes. With probands exhibiting a disturbed carbohydrate tolerance, a diminished depression of free fatty acids is found. The total lipid content and cholesterol are not essentially changed. With women suffering from gestational diabetes urinary sugar excretion is significantly higher than with probands showing a normal carbohydrate tolerance.
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PMID:[Incidence of gestational diabetes as well as changes in insulin secretion during pregnancy. 1. Studies on pregnant women suspected of diabetes using the glucose infusion test (GIT)]. 74 51

In this work we have evaluated the effects of blood sugar changes on human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) secretion in young, healthy subjects. Mean fasting hPP level was 74 +/- 5 (SEM) pg/ml (n = 53). Insulin-induced as well as tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia clearly provoked hPP secretion (peaks: 1201 +/- 370 pg/ml, P = 0.03, and 520 +/- 112 pg/ml, P = 0.005, respectively). In contrast, the induction of hyperglycemia by intravenous glucose infusion (0.6 g/min) elicited a significant depression of circulating hPP (37-49% of basal values); discontinuing the infusion resulted in an increase of hPP concentrations (peak: 519 +/- 141 pg/ml, P = 0.018), which coincided with the decline of blood sugar to sub-baseline levels. Glucose as an intravenous bolus (0.33 g/kg) also induced a fall in plasma hPP. Glucose ingestion (1.75 g/kg) was followed by a small and short lived elevation of hPP (154 +/- 34 pg/ml at 15 min, P = 0.04) and by a marked rise during the late hypoglycemic phase of the test (538 +/- 168 pg/ml at 120 min, P = 0.028). Finally, after intravenous arginine, a delayed increase of hPP values was observed, occurring subsequently to the plasma glucose drop. The foregoing data indicate that experimental fluctuations in glycemia inversely affect hPP secretion. Nevertheless, this relationship does not necessarily mean that hPP should be directly implicated in glucose homeostasis.
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PMID:Control of pancreatic polypeptide secretion by glucose in man. 75 16


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