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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the effect of TJS-010, a new prescription of Kampo or oriental medicine, on the locomotor activity and body temperature in rats in order to determine its antidepressive and anxiolytic effects. Tetrabenazine(TBZ), which sometimes induces depression in humans, decreased the spontaneous locomotion in rats, and attenuated the content of amines in several regions in the rat brain when intraperitoneally injected. TJS-010 was orally administered at a concentration of 750 mg/kg, and inhibited the locomotor suppression. The content of amines was not, however, altered. These results indicate that TJS-010 postsynaptically modulates the transmission or transduction. Imipramine, 5mg/kg, also enhanced locomotion in TBZ-treated rats, which was similar to the effect of TJS-010. These results suggest that TJS-010 has an antidepressive effect. TJS-010 also facilitated the hypothermia induced by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg/kg (+/-)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), which is known to be mediated by serotonin-1A receptors. The hypothermia in the rats via an activation of serotonin-1A receptors is often observed with anxiolytic drugs. These results may raise the possibility that TJS-010 has an anxiolytic property. TJS-010 may serve as a useful drug for the treatment of those who suffer from depressive and anxiety disorders.
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PMID:TJS-010, a new prescription of Kampo medicine with putative antidepressive and anxiolytic properties.--A behavioral study using experimental models for depression and anxiety. 788 80

In spite of its significant morbidity, dysthymic disorder has been under-researched, therefore effective treatment options are limited. This article presents data suggesting that dysthymia can be treated effectively with psychopharmacologic agents. A double-blind, placebo-controlled 7-week drug trial comparing imipramine to ritanserin, a serontonin-2 antagonist, indicated that both drugs were significantly more effective than placebo in alleviating dysthymia symptoms. Imipramine was slightly more effective than ritanserin, as indicated by ratings on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Zerssen Self-Rating Scale; however, imipramine also produced more side effects. On the basis of this study, we continued an open protocol for treating dysthymic patients with a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine. This open-label study indicated that fluoxetine was successful in reducing the dysthymia symptoms, particularly in the subaffective sub-type. These studies confirm the need for further research into the treatment options for patients suffering from dysthymia.
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PMID:Psychopharmacological treatment response of patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of dysthymic disorder. 797 30

The frequency of depression-pain association, gives the authors the opportunity of evaluating the actual pattern of managing pain according to its sensory-discriminatory, affective-emotional, cognitive and behavioral features. The neurophysiologic, affective and psychologic factors generally correlate in the induction and evolution of pain, being dependent on the individual reactivity environmental and socio-cultural relations. The efficacy of antidepressive drugs in the therapy of pain, explained by their action on the serotoninergic systems, advocates the clinical relationship depression-pain, but also their analgesic properties independent from the thymoanaleptic effect. The results of the clinical essays the authors have carried on some antidepressants (Imipramine, Amitryptyline, Mianserine, Maprotyline) evidenced their effect on the various forms of manifestation and localizations of pain complains. The amelioration of pain, certified by the use in dynamics of Hamilton's depression scale, occurs earlier than the improvement of depressive symptoms, thus attesting the analgesic properties of the antidepressants. The preservation and merging of these effects during the investigation interval, at the same time with an improvement in the depressive symptoms support the clinical correlation depression-pain, emphasizing the complex character of the algopathic syndrome, both somatically and mentally.
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PMID:[The clinicopsychological and therapeutic significance in the depression-pain relationship]. 799 67

Male Wistar rats were subjected to a chronic mild stress procedure involving different stress stimuli applied for 8 weeks. During this time the consumption of 1% sucrose solution was monitored at weekly intervals. After the first 3 weeks, when stressed animals displayed a reduction of sucrose consumption, the control and stressed groups were divided into subgroups receiving daily placebo or imipramine (10 mg/kg/day) treatment. After 5 weeks of treatment, 24 h after the last injection, the rats were killed and beta-adrenoceptor density and affinity in cortical membrane preparations and the accumulation of cyclic AMP in cortical slices stimulated with noradrenaline were assessed. While in stressed placebo-treated rats the sucrose consumption remained reduced, in the imipramine-treated group the level of consumption gradually returned to control values. The stressed placebo-treated rats also displayed an increase in cortical beta-adrenoceptor density (by 34%) with no changes in affinity, and an increase (22%) in the cyclic AMP response to noradrenaline in cortical slices. Imipramine, which in non-stressed rats did not affect sucrose intake but depressed the beta-adrenoceptor density and the cyclic AMP response, reversed the stress-induced decrease in sucrose consumption and the increase in the beta-adrenoceptor density; at physiological noradrenaline concentrations it also reduced the enhanced cyclic AMP response. The results suggest that the chronic mild stress procedure produces behavioral and biochemical changes consistent with a realistic model of depression in animals.
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PMID:Reversal by imipramine of beta-adrenoceptor up-regulation induced in a chronic mild stress model of depression. 800 36

A double-blind randomised controlled trial of the effect of low dose lofepramine (70 mg once daily) against placebo was carried out on depressed elderly inpatients on general medical wards for the elderly, comparing measures of depression and side-effects between the randomised groups. Patients were identified for the study using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Brief Assessment Schedule Depression Cards (BASDEC). Sixty-three subjects were randomised: 46 patients completed the entire trial of 28 days treatment. BASDEC and GDS were administered on day 8 post-admission, and depressed patients were randomised double-blind to either low dose lofepramine (70 mg daily) (n = 23) or placebo (n = 23). Assessment of changes in depressive states were made using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) on days 8, 18 and 36 post-admission. Both groups improved by a similar amount during the trial. Lofepramine tended to be more effective than placebo in those patients who were more depressed (GDS > or = 18). On the other hand, subjects who were less depressed (i.e. GDS < 18) improved more on placebo than lofepramine. Low dose lofepramine may prove useful in moderately or severely depressed patients treated for only 4 weeks. However, low dose lofepramine is not indicated for mild (GDS 15-18) depression.
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PMID:The effect of low dose lofepramine in depressed elderly patients in general medical wards. 801 52

The case of a ten-year-old boy with a two-year history of trichotillomania and depression is presented. Imipramine was unsuccessful in treating trichotillomania and showed limited success in alleviating depression. Treatment with low-dosage fluoxetine (10 mg daily) led to marked improvement of both trichotillomania and depression.
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PMID:Fluoxetine treatment of trichotillomania and depression in a prepubertal child. 841 12

One hundred and twenty seven patients with major depressive episode were included in a double-blind, four-week, prospective, randomized, multi-centre parallel-group trial comparing moclobemide and imipramine. The dose of moclobemide was 150-525 mg/day and that of imipramine 50-175 mg/day; the mean daily doses during the last week of treatment were 307 mg and 100 mg of moclobemide and imipramine, respectively. The decrease of the total scores of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS) as well as the Overall Assessment of Efficacy by the Investigators showed significant amelioration of depression in both treatment groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the moclobemide and imipramine groups with regard to treatment outcome. The onset of the antidepressant activity was faster in the moclobemide group as measured by the Assessment of the Investigators. This difference was not observed when the therapeutic index figures calculated on the basis of the changes in the HDRS scores were scrutinized. Treatment-emergent side effects were somewhat more frequent during imipramine than during moclobemide treatment. Nevertheless, a total of only four patients discontinued the trial prematurely because of poor tolerability. Imipramine-treated patients reported more anticholinergic side effects, whereas tiredness and headache were observed more frequently in the moclobemide-treated patients. Restlessness, nervousness and sleep disturbances were noted with equal incidence in both patient groups.
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PMID:Moclobemide versus imipramine in depressed out-patients: a double-blind multi-centre study. 846 35

Growth hormone (GH) secretion in the 100 minutes preceding sleep onset (preSO), as well as in the first half of the night (1st HN), was examined for a group of 13 healthy women and 43 women with recurrent depression who participated in a 3-year maintenance therapy study. GH studies were obtained at several points during treatment and every 3 months during maintenance, during which patients were randomly assigned to active drug or drug-free maintenance treatment cells for 3 years, or until recurrence of depression. Depressed patients were divided into subgroups according to their maintenance treatment assignment (active drug or drug free) and treatment outcome (completing in remission or having a recurrence). Imipramine caused an increase in the GH ratio in all subgroups. Protocol completers had a significantly larger imipramine-induced increase in the GH ratio than did recurrers. The difference in time of GH secretion relative to sleep onset was found to correlate with treatment outcome and was independent of medication status during maintenance.
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PMID:Growth hormone secretion timing in depression: clinical outcome comparisons. 858 Feb 24

1. The presence of mood disturbances and platelet 3H-imipramine binding, a putative peripheral serotonergic marker, were evaluated in a group of 27 cocaine users three days after drug withdrawal. 2. Parameters of cocaine use and the linkage between cocaine withdrawal and "post-cocaine depression" were also investigated. In a subgroup of 10 patients, both psychopathological and biological measurements were repeated after 5 or 6 weeks. 3. Interpretation of the data by Pearson's analysis showed a statistically significant and positive correlation between Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores and period of use. A trend towards a negative correlation, which however did not reach the statistical significance, was found between 3H-Imipramine binding and period of cocaine use, number of days of abstinence and HAM-D scores 4. When compared with normal volunteers at baseline, patients had significantly lower Bmax and Kd values which returned towards normal values after 5 or 6 weeks of cocaine withdrawal. 5. These results indicate the presence of a decreased platelet imipramine binding during cocaine withdrawal which may be due to the effect of the drug or alternatively, a result of concomitant depression which may be primary or secondary in origin. The decreased imipramine binding is a reversible phenomenon, since it increases with the time, in parallel with the improvement of depressive symptoms.
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PMID:Phenomenology and neurobiology of cocaine withdrawal: are they related? 858 80

Retrospective analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluated the effectiveness of nefazodone in relieving depression-associated anxiety symptoms of patients with major depression in two practice settings. One study involved depressed patients (N = 138) treated in a family practice setting, the other, psychiatric clinic outpatients (N = 180). Nefazodone treatment was broadly effective across several measures of anxiety symptoms (HAM-D, HAM-A and SCL rating scales) in relieving depression-associated anxiety. The comparison drug, imipramine, was also found to be more effective than placebo treatment, although the treatment effect on depression-associated anxiety, as measured by several factors, was less than that seen with nefazodone. A subgroup of psychiatric clinic outpatients with comorbid major depression and panic disorder (N = 55) was identified by blinded record review. During nefazodone treatment, patients with panic disorder experienced marked global improvement compared with placebo-treated patients, including relief of panic and phobic anxiety symptoms. Imipramine treatment was not significantly better than placebo for improvement in depression and anxiety ratings in this patient group. These results extend previous findings indicating that the new antidepressant nefazodone effectively relieves anxiety and depressive symptoms of patients with major depression.
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PMID:The effect of nefazodone on comorbid anxiety symptoms associated with depression: experience in family practice and psychiatric outpatient settings. 862 57


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