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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical trial of four weeks duration was conducted involving a total of thirty depressed patients, of both sexes, aged between twenty and thirty-four years. The total number of patients was divided into three groups of ten patients each. One group received amitriptyline, the second group was administered noxiptyline and the third group was given dibenzepine. All drugs were administered orally. Patients were submitted to psychometric testing before and after drug administration. The tests used included the 'Hamilton Rating Scale for depression', the 'Hildreth Feeling Scale' and the 'D Scale' and the 'Trail Making Test' for the evaluation of psychomotor retardation. It was concluded that the Hamilton Rating Scale was the most relatively sensitive test utilized in assessing the depressive state and its improvement. Amitriptyline was found to be mostly anxiolytic; noxiptyline controlled both depression and anxiety to approximately the same extent; and dibenzepine was found to be a mood-elevating drug with an energizing action.
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PMID:Psychometric assessment of the therapeutic efficiency of antidepressant agents. 1 94

Amitriptyline-N-oxide and amitriptyline were compared double-blind in a material of out-patients with depressive syndromes, 21 and 22 patients respectively. Both drugs had a good antidepressant effect. The globally rated effect was equal. The effect upon the various depressive symptoms was equal. Definite reversal of depression occurred somewhat earlier on amitriptyline-N-oxide on which side effects were also less marked, but those of an anticholinergic and of a sedative nature. No orthostatic reaction, nor any effect upon blood status or liver function was observed. Amitriptyline-N-oxide appears to show a tendency to a somewhat more rapid onset of effect and less side effects.
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PMID:Comparative trial of amitriptyline-N-oxide and amitriptyline in the treatment of out-patients with depressive syndromes. 36 Jul 79

A new antidepressant, amoxapine, which is a dibenzoxazepine deprivative, was compared with amitriptyline in a randomised double-blind trial. Forty-eight patients were included and 41 completed a 4-week treatment. Most of the patients were maintained on 150 mg daily. Assessments were made by the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and Patient's Self-Evaluation. The total HAM-D score was considerably reduced in the majority of the patients. Amitriptyline was the most effective with regard to symptoms included in the factor Sleep Disturbances and-secondary maybe-towards some items included in the factor Somatization. For the remaining items,including the items of the factors Anxiety/Depression and Apathy, the last score was lower in the amoxapine group than in those treated with amitriptyline. Among the unipolar cases the amoxapine treated patients were more satisfied with regard to efficacy (P = 6.3%). The frequency of side effects such as tremor and dizziness was considerably lower in the amoxapine group. In total, the side effects lasted longer in the amitriptyline group. We conclude that amoxapine seems to be an effective antidepressant with a low frequency of side effects.
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PMID:Amoxapine versus amitriptyline in endogenous depression. A double-blind study. 38 Feb 69

The antidepressive effect of viloxazine (300 mg/d) was investigated during three weeks in 41 patients with depressive syndromes requiring drug-treatment against amitriptyline (150 mg/d), using a controlled double-blind design. Viloxazine differs from amitriptyline by selective inhibition of norepinephrine re-uptake, whereas amitriptyline acts also on serotonin re-uptake. Psychopathological changes were documented by means of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Bf-S (v. Zerssen), the AMDP-System, and videotaped recordings. Besides routine clinical-chemical tests, the serum concentrations of viloxazine and partly of amitriptyline were determined. Repeated EEG-recordings were evaluated by spectral analysis. The number of global responders and non-responders -- defined according to the final HDRS-scores -- was equally distributed between the two drug-groups. The AMDP-evaluation suggests that viloxazin has a somewhat more marked and more rapid effect on symptoms of retardation, whereas amitriptyline acts predominantly on depressive mood, disturbances of sleep and vital feelings. The EEG-profile of both drugs was similar to the spectral changes seen under tricyclic antidepressants, through only the viloxazine-induced changes reached statistical significance on the 10th and 20th day, the variability of the EEG-recordings being greater in the amitriptyline group. The viloxazine blood levels showed a remarkably low inter- and intraindividual variance. Steady state was reached at day 5 at the latest. Amitriptyline serum concentrations still increased between the 10th and the 21st day. The average blood concentration of viloxazine was higher in the responder- than in the non-responder-group.
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PMID:Clinical profile and serum concentration of viloxazine as compared to amitriptyline. 38 90

A double-blind trial was undertaken to compare the antidepressant efficacy and the side effects of Lofepramine with those of Amitriptyline in the treatment of endogenous depression. The study involves 22 acutely ill endogenously depressive patients. 11 patients were treated with Lofepramine and the remaining 11 with Amitriptyline. The results demonstrate that both substances are effective in the treatment of depression. However, the therapeutical efficacy of Lofepramine is significantly greater than that of Amitriptyline. Furthermore, the tolerance of Lofepramine is better than that of Amitriptyline, and the side effects of Amitriptyline, especially in blood pressure dysregulation, are greater than those of Lofepramine.
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PMID:A double-blind trial with amitriptyline and lofepramine in the treatment of endogenous depression. 39 29

Tricyclic antidepressants are thought to act primarily via effects on adrenergic neurotransmitters. Recent research supports the concept that a major function of the central adrenergic system is the modulation of cerebral fluid dynamics. Based on this concept, studies in the rat were conducted to assess the effects of these drugs on cerebral capillary permeability and flow by quantitating changes in the extraction fraction of water (Ew). Amitriptyline and nortriptyline produced significant increased in Ew for the total forebrain (from control values of 0.67 to experimental values as high as 0.99) while protriptyline had no effect on Ew. The amitriptyline-induced increase in Ew occurred at doses which produced plasma levels (500 ng/ml) near the range defined as therapeutic in depression studies. The magnitude of the effect was similar for both amitriptyline and nortriptyline representing a 35--40% increase over control values. The effects were uniformly observed throughout the forebrain: rostral telencephalon, caudal telencephalon, and diencephalon.
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PMID:The effect of tricyclic antidepressants on cerebral fluid dynamics. 47 20

A randomized, controlled trial compared the combination of amitriptyline hydrochloride and short-term interpersonal psychotherapy, either treatment alone, and a nonscheduled treatment control group in ambulatory acute, nonbipolar, nonpsychotic depressives. Results show the efficacy of both psychotherapy and amitriptyline in overall symptom reduction. Amitriptyline and psychotherapy were about equal, and the effects of both treatments in combination were additive. The additive effect of combined treatment was largely due to the differential effects of the two treatments. Amitriptyline had its effect mainly on the vegetative symptoms of depression such as sleep and appetite disturbance, these occurred early in treatment, often within the first week. Psychotherapy had its effect mainly on mood, suicidal ideation, work, and interests; these effects occurred slightly later, at four to eight weeks.
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PMID:Differential symptom reduction by drugs and psychotherapy in acute depression. 51 45

A questionnaire regarding medication preferences for major categories of psychiatric disorders was sent to 1,059 psychiatric drug investigators in 53 countries. 264 questionnaires were returned, of which 165 were appropriate for this survey. A total of 87 different psychotropic drugs were selected. Chlorpromazine was the medication most frequently cited in the treatment of schizophrenia. Amitriptyline and imipramine together accounted for the vast majority of medication chosen for all varieties of depression. In the treatment of mania, chlorpromazine was chosen by almost one-third of our sample, lithium by only one-fifth. Chlordiazepoxide and diazepam were equally preferred in the treatment of alcoholism. Most psychiatrists preferred not to use any psychotropic medications consistently in treating patients with organic brain syndromes. The implications of this study are discussed and compared uith similar studies in more limited geographical regions and in children.
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PMID:Use of psychotropics in the world. 62 3

18 female patients with primary depression received a slow intravenous infusion of amitriptyline and a good therapeutic response was observed in 15 patients as early as after 6 days. A highly significant correlation was found between improvement scores following the first and last infusions, which suggests that intravenous infusion of amitriptyline may serve as a prognostic test for prediction of drug efficacy. Total blood serotonin content prior to treatment was significantly lower than in normal controls. Amitriptyline infusion caused variable changes in blood serotonin and the changes were inversely correlated with pretreatment levels. A series of six infusions caused a gradual increase in baseline levels, together with a rapid decrease in the magnitude of the amitriptyline-induced changes in serotonin content.
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PMID:Effect of intravenous infusion of amitriptyline on total blood serotonin content. 66 82

Eighteen depressed outpatients were treated for 6 wk with amitriptyline. Clinical improvement was monitored using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale administered by two psychiatrists blind to the tricyclic used for treatment, dosage, and plasma levels. Amitriptyline and its desmethyl metabolite, notriptyline, were assayed twice weekly by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography. For the 17 patients having total tricyclic plasma levels between 0 and 250 ng/ml, there was a negative correlation between the Hamilton score and the mean total tricyclic level (p less than 0.01) and amitriptyline level (p less than 0.005). The mean nortriptyline level did not significantly correlate with the Hamilton score. The 10 patients having mean total tricyclic levels above 95 ng/ml had lower median Hamilton scores at week 3 (p less than 0.025) and at week 6 (p less than 0.0025) than those whose tricyclics were lower. The percentage of recovered patients increases significantly as the plasma levels rise to 250 ng/ml, the maximum plasma level considered in this study.
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PMID:Amitriptyline plasma levels and therapeutic response. 77 87


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