Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

17beta-Estradiol-3-monobenzoate injected s.c. in mice led to a dose-dependent stimulation of the global reticuloendothelial clearance function. Furthermore, a significant depression of serum hemagglutinin levels, being independent of the anitgen dose, was noticed. Although a slight decrease of antigen-sensitive (memory) cells was revealed, estradiol treatment before priming failed to impair immunological memory as assayed by hemagglutinin titers in the secondary reaction. Estradiol administration was followed by charakteristic organ weight changes (liver, thymus, adrenals). According to the literature it is suggested that estradiol, like diethylstilbestrol, is capable of depressing humoral antibody formation by differential effects on the reticuloendothelial system.
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PMID:[Effect of 17beta-estradiol-3-monobenzoate on humoral antibody formation in mice]. 13 98

From Wistar rats, data are presented which indicate that inbred females a) have a greater ability to clear particulate matter from the blood stream than do males of the same strain; b) are significantly more resistant to two different forms of lethal circulatory stress (e.g., intestinal ischemia and whole-body trauma) than are males; and c) exhibit a greater resistance to undergo reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic depression after both forms of lethal trauma than do males. Estradiol treatment of males, using either acute, massive (1 or 10 mg/kg) or multiple, low dose (10 or 100 mug/kg) regimens, confers trauma resistance on such animals. Such estradiol treated male rats exhibit hyperactive RES's. These estradiol-treated males, when subjected to either lethal ischemia or trauma, fail to demonstrate the early RES phagocytic depression seen in untreated controls. Untreated female as well as estradiol-treated male rats exhibit significantly higher arterial blood pressures post-trauma than do untreated male rats. Direct microscopic observation of rat mesenteries indicr whole-b0dy trauma, the untreated females as well as the estradiol-treated males exhibit significantly less dilatation of microscopic capacitance vessels (i.e., venules) than do untreated male rats. The data reported herein could be used to suggest that estrogenic hormones may play pivotal roles in a) the amelioration of an organism's reaction to systemic stress; and b) control of macrophage and peripheral vascular functions.
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PMID:Sex and estrogens in protection against circulatory stress reactions. 97 Apr 65

Effect of sex steroids, progesterone and estradiol-17beta, on transformation of human lymphocytes induced by PHA was investigated. Responses of peripheral lymphocytes from non-pregnant women to PHA was markedly reduced in the presence of progesterone at a concentration of 10(3) or 10(4) ng/ml. Estradiol-17beta, on the other hand, had no effects on the PHA-induced transformation under the present experimental conditions. The immunosuppressive property of progesterone may contribute to depression of maternal cell-mediated immunity against fetus during pregnancy.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of progesterone on the phytohaemagglutinin- induced transformation of human peripheral lymphocytes. 122 50

The effect of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, on plasma growth hormone (GH), plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylenegylcol (MHPG), blood pressure and sedation were studied in 16 menopausal subjects before and 6 wk after a 100-mg implant of estradiol. The specific binding of tritiated yohimbine to intact platelets also was studied. Estradiol implants increased basal GH output and reduced baseline MHPG and sedation scores. However, none of the subsequent responses to clonidine were altered. Platelet yohimbine binding also was unchanged following the implant. Both observer- and self-rating scales showed a marked reduction in anxiety and depression scores. The results suggest that estradiol may alter some indices of noradrenergic function, but that the mechanism does not involve alterations in alpha 2-adrenoceptor sensitivity.
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PMID:Effect of estradiol implant on noradrenergic function and mood in menopausal subjects. 131 72

During the breeding season, five groups of three ewes were implanted at ovariectomy with 0.36, 0.5, 1.0 and 6.0 cm oestradiol implants or implants containing no steroid. Eleven days after receiving implants, blood samples were taken every 10 min for 6 h; implants were then removed. Treatments were repeated three times during each of two consecutive breeding seasons and four times during the intervening anoestrus. In ovariectomized ewes without steroid treatment, luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency increased from early to mid-breeding season, decreased to a minimum at mid-anoestrus and increased to reach a maximum at the mid-point of the second breeding season, subsequently declining. LH pulse amplitude was inversely related to frequency. Basal serum LH concentrations decreased gradually from the first breeding season to reach a minimum at mid-anoestrus and gradually increased to reach a maximum at the end of the second breeding season. Mean serum LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were higher at the end of the second breeding season compared with the beginning of the first breeding season. All parameters of gonadotrophin secretion were decreased much more by oestradiol during the anoestrus than during the breeding season. LH pulse frequency was decreased during anoestrus and at high oestradiol concentrations during the first breeding season. Apart from LH pulse amplitude, the decreases in all parameters of gonadotrophin secretion were less during the second compared with the first breeding season. The minimum effective dose of oestradiol required to decrease mean and basal serum concentrations of LH during anoestrus was lower than in the breeding season. The minimum effective dose of oestradiol required to decrease mean serum concentrations of FSH was lower in the first compared with the second breeding season. Oestradiol depression of LH pulse amplitude and mean serum concentrations of LH and FSH showed a dose dependency during the breeding season. During anoestrus dose dependency was seen for basal concentrations of LH and mean serum concentrations of LH and FSH. We conclude that significant chronic changes in gonadotrophin secretion occur in the ewe with time after ovariectomy. Sensitivity to oestradiol also changes, and the effects of oestradiol are not always dose dependent. We suggest that the circannual pattern of LH pulse frequency and basal LH secretion are directly linked to the circannual cycle of photoperiod.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of time after ovariectomy, season and oestradiol on luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in ovariectomized ewes. 159 48

Circulating levels of plasma estradiol, 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20 beta PROG), and thyroxine were measured during smoltification of coho salmon in two successive years (1984 and 1985). Two elevations of thyroxine occurred in both years, the first occurred in April followed by a second increase in May. Estradiol levels were dynamic with variable changes particularly in postsmolts when estradiol levels were either depressed in 1984 or high in 1985. However, elevations of estradiol preceded the second elevation of thyroxine in May in both years when the salmon were undergoing the later stages of smoltification. There were no consistent changes of plasma 17 alpha,20B PROG during this period. Although, in 1984, there were significant elevations and depressions of 17 alpha,20B PROG, and in 1985, there was a major unexplained depression of 17 alpha,20B PROG on April 24. There were no sexual differences noted for plasma steroid levels in the juvenile fish. These data suggest that there are seasonal changes of estradiol coinciding with other developmental changes during smoltification.
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PMID:Changes in plasma thyroxine, estradiol-17 beta, and 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one during smoltification of coho salmon. 160 Dec 59

A role for eosinophils in the immune reaction has not been yet established. Considering that these leukocytes accumulate in lymphoid organs under glucocorticoid stimulation, we explored the possibility that they participate in the depression of immune reactions induced by these hormones and that they degranulate to exert this action. In this context, we investigated the dose effect of three estrogens on the number and degranulation of spleen red pulp eosinophils and on the percentage of spleen cross sectional area comprising white pulp. Estradiol-17 beta or 4 (OH) estradiol-17 beta increased red pulp eosinophils at low doses: 2 (OH) estradiol-17 beta increased them at a very high dose. The three estrogens degranulated the spleen eosinophils and decreased the lymphocyte containing spleen white pulp. We propose that the decrease in white pulp is a response mediated by agents released from degranulating eosinophils under the action of estrogen. Consequently, both estrogen-induced eosinophil degranulation and estrogen-induced increase in red pulp eosinophil numbers are conditions contributing to a decrease in white pulp volume. All above evidence supports the hypothesis that eosinophils are involved in immunoregulation by diminishing the number of lymphocytes contained in lymphoid organs.
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PMID:Effect of eosinophil-degranulating estrogens on spleen eosinophils and white pulp/red pulp ratio. 208 40

In the tail suspension test (an animal model of depression) the duration of immobility during the 6 min of observation was 56.84 +/- 6.54 sec in sham-ovariectomized mice and 113.11 +/- 7.86 sec 30-32 days after ovariectomy. Estradiol (10, 100 or 1,000 micrograms/kg) and progesterone (50, 1,000 or 10,000 micrograms/kg), subcutaneously injected daily 4 times before the test, restored the duration of immobility in ovariectomized mice to normal, while having no effect on sham-operated animals. On the other hand, desipramine (20 mg/kg IP 1 hr before testing) significantly reduced the duration of immobility both in ovariectomized and in sham-operated mice. These data indicate that ovarian sex hormones, while having no "antidepressant," desipramine-like, effect on the behavior of intact adult female mice, have such an effect in ovariectomized mice, and enable the animal to cope in a "normal" way with adverse environmental situations.
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PMID:Influence of ovariectomy, estradiol and progesterone on the behavior of mice in an experimental model of depression. 278 Aug 68

A number of lines of evidence have suggested that alterations in gonadal steroids may modulate opioid function. We report here the effects of manipulation of female gonadal steroids on the opioid feeding system. Naloxone produced a depression of feeding in all groups. Although the group X dosage interaction was not significant, an internally consistent tendency effect of naloxone among the different treatment groups was observed. Estradiol treated rats were 20 times less sensitive to naloxone's suppressive effects of feeding than ovariectomized animals. Sham operated controls and animals treated with estradiol and progesterone had sensitivities to naloxone which were intermediate to those seen in estradiol treated and ovariectomized animals. A significant drug X dosage interaction was present for the ketocyclazocine effects at 4 hours. Overall, ovariectomized animals were resistant to feeding induced by ketocyclazocine compared to the other groups. Ovariectomy significantly decreased ir-dynorphin levels in the cortex and these values were restored towards normal by a combination of estrogen and progesterone treatment. These studies add to the growing literature suggesting a role for the peripheral endocrine system in the modulation of opioid feeding system.
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PMID:The effect of ovariectomy, estradiol and progesterone on opioid modulation of feeding. 615 May 5

17-beta-Estradiol, at a concentration (100 ng/ml) approaching plasma levels found in pregnant women, inhibited the K+-evoked efflux of endogenous norepinephrine from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus. The same concentration of estradiol increased slightly the basal efflux of serotonin. Since estradiol crosses the blood-brain barrier with ease it is suggested that the inhibition of norepinephrine release from central neurons may contribute to the depression and emotional lability sometimes associated with estradiol therapy.
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PMID:Effects of estradiol on the basal and evoked efflux of norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine from slices of rat hypothalamus. 650 13


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