Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Results of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), performed on 65 patients with major unipolar depression, were classified both by suppression versus nonsuppression and by three ranges of postdexamethasone cortisol levels. Subgroups of patients were then compared for familial prevalence for depression and alcoholism and for delusional symptomatology. A strong association emerged among high postdexamethasone cortisol levels, a significantly increased familial prevalence for depression, and the presence of delusions in probands. In this study, ranges of DST responses were superior to suppression versus nonsuppression criteria alone in defining this subgroup.
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PMID:Delusional depression, family history, and DST response: a pilot study. 375 74

The score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the L-tryptophan:competing amino acid (valine + leucine) (L-TRP:CAA) ratio, and the 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) flow in 24-hr urine were recorded in 83 depressed patients undergoing a Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST). The subjects were diagnostically subdivided according to DSM-III into minor depression (296.82, 300.40, 309.00), major depression without melancholia (296.X2), with melancholia (296.X3), or with psychotic features (296.X4). Minor depression, major depression with melancholia, and major depression with psychotic features can be regarded as distinct biological entities. Major depression without melancholia is a heterogeneous group with reference to the biological markers. By combining these biological data with age in a discriminant function analysis, 81.9% of all depressed patients can be correctly classified into minor or major depression groups. The combined biological markers can also be used to predict the severity of the depression; 42.5% of the variance in the HDRS score is accounted for by multiple regression on the biological figures. Multivariate statistical techniques considerably improve prediction for both subtype and severity of depression.
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PMID:Prediction of subtype and severity of depression by means of dexamethasone suppression test, L-tryptophan: competing amino acid ratio, and MHPG flow. 381 68

This open study attempts to evaluate the usefulness of objective diagnostic tests in the child and adolescent age group. Fifty-eight children admitted to a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric service were administered the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) or both. Rates of DST non-suppression were significantly elevated in children with major affective disorders (10/12) and in children suffering from adjustment disorders (3/18). Children with major depressions and conduct disorders both showed elevated scores on the CDI (p less than 0.025), and these two groups did not significantly differ from each other on this measure. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
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PMID:The dexamethasone suppression test and the Children's Depression Inventory in psychiatric disorders in children. 381 50

Several recent studies in animals and man indicate that corticosteroids may alter catecholaminergic activity in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. We administered 1 mg of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, to 12 drug-free healthy volunteers and measured plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). Dexamethasone was administered at 11 p.m. and blood was collected at 4 p.m. on the preceding and subsequent days. Dexamethasone administration resulted in a significant increase in plasma HVA but did not consistently affect MHPG. All subjects showed a suppression of serum cortisol to values less than 5 micrograms/dl while prolactin levels were unaltered. In an additional group of nine volunteers, we administered 2 mg of dexamethasone and observed a similar increase in plasma HVA without change in plasma MHPG, indicating a selective effect on dopamine metabolism. Implications of these findings for an understanding of the neurochemical and behavioral changes seen with steroid administration and in explaining previous results on plasma MHPG/HVA ratios in delusional depression are discussed.
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PMID:Dexamethasone increases plasma HVA but not MHPG in normal humans. 386 50

Depressive disorders are a significant problem among patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but their diagnosis is difficult. The Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) has recently been shown useful for diagnosis of endogenous depression in physically healthy individuals. This article reviews the literature pertinent to depression and adrenocortical regulation after SCI, with special emphasis on DST. While depression is fairly common in SCI patients, endogenous depression occurs infrequently. The validity of the DST for diagnosis of depression in these patients is questionable because of the changes in adrenocortical regulation caused by SCI. Directions for future research are suggested.
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PMID:Depression and adrenocortical function in spinal cord injury patients: a review. 388 7

Dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) were performed for 18 moderately demented elderly patients, 66 depressed elderly outpatients, and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy elderly control subjects. Seventeen percent of the demented patients and 4% of the normal subjects were DST nonsuppressors, compared to 38% of the total depressed group. The postdexamethasone plasma cortisol levels of the dementia group fell between those of the normal and the depressed subjects. In addition, demented patients had postdexamethasone cortisol levels significantly lower than those of depressed patients with high Hamilton depression scores. Older subjects in all diagnostic categories, including normal subjects, had higher postdexamethasone plasma cortisol levels.
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PMID:Dexamethasone suppression in dementia, depression, and normal aging. 395 88

Dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) were given to 65 acute and chronic stroke patients. For patients who had had a stroke less than 1 year earlier, nonsuppression on the DST was significantly associated with the presence of poststroke depression. The authors, who used the DSM-III symptom criteria for major depression, found that DST sensitivity was 67% but specificity was only 70%. False positive tests in the stroke patients seemed related to large lesion volume. The DST, although of limited clinical utility in this population because of false positive tests, may help define more homogeneous subtypes of poststroke depression for research.
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PMID:The dexamethasone suppression test and mood following stroke. 397 Feb 68

The lipoidal amine, N,N-dioctadecyl-N',N'-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) propanediamine (avridine or CP 20,961), formulated in liposomes, was evaluated for its effect on leukocyte kinetics, lymphocyte blastogenesis, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function in dexamethasone-treated and nontreated cattle. In the 1st experiment, cattle were given avridine in a single IM injection of 0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg/kg of body weight. All doses induced swelling at the injection site, a febrile response, and a leukocytosis due to a neutrophilia. Mononuclear cell numbers were normal. All 3 groups of avridine-treated animals had a higher mean lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens on the 4 days after administration than did the control nontreated animals. Avridine administration was associated with an enhanced ability of PMN to ingest Staphylococcus aureus and to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The highest dose (10 mg/kg) was associated with a depression of the ability of PMN to iodinate protein. An effect of avridine on PMN random migration under agarose or nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction was not observed. In a 2nd experiment, cattle were given no treatment, 0.04 mg of dexamethasone/kg IM, or 10 mg of avridine/kg IM followed 24 hours later by 0.04 mg of dexamethasone/kg. Dexamethasone administration caused a leukocytosis due to a neutrophilia with normal mononuclear cell numbers, an enhancement of PMN random migration under agarose, and an inhibition of NBT reduction, iodination, and ADCC activity of PMN. Dexamethasone did not have a detectable effect on lymphocyte blastogenesis or on ingestion of S aureus by PMN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Enhancement of lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function by avridine in dexamethasone-treated and nontreated cattle. 397 Apr 43

This study describes a method for investigating clinical correlates of biological subtypes of depression, using cognitive functioning as the principal behavioral variable. Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) escapers were compared to DST suppressors and healthy controls on a battery of learning and memory procedures designed to investigate cognitive functioning in detail. DST suppressors, but not escapers, were cognitively impaired on our tasks. The performance of controls and DST escapers was related to depth of semantic processing, whereas performance of DST suppressors varied inversely with degree of felt hopelessness. Examination of cognitive functioning in future studies may provide useful insights into the clinical significance of biological markers of depression.
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PMID:Cognitive functioning in biological subtypes of depression. 399 12

Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was done for Chinese melancholics. The overall sensitivity of DST is 41.0%, and its specificity is 85%. The prevalence of abnormal DST is higher in inpatient melancholics (66.7%) than in outpatient melancholics (7.1%). Three schizophrenic patients who had abnormal DST were found to have severe degree of depression and impaired social function. The clinical diagnostic value of DST for severely impaired inpatient was tested. 35.7% of primary depressives (28 cases) had abnormal DST. 50% of secondary depressives (26 cases) had abnormal DST. 11 cases (50%) of 22 initially admitted, undiagnosed cases were found to have abnormal DST. 5 (45.5%) of these 11 cases were of primary depressives. 6 (54.5%) of these were of secondary depressives. DST was found to be of limited value in differential diagnosis for inpatient undiagnosed cases. Yet, DST could be a powerful research tool in psychopathology.
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PMID:The clinical diagnostic value of dexamethasone suppression test in depressive illness. 400 15


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