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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concentrations of plasma ceruloplasmin, plasma fibrinogen, serum haptoglobin and the major cell types in blood together with liveweight changes were monitored during the acute phase response in sheep. Five control sheep, five sheep that underwent sham bronchial obstruction, and five sheep that developed pneumonia after bronchial obstruction were examined. Blood samples were taken and liveweights were recorded from four to six days before until 14 days after the surgical operations (sham and bronchial obstruction). The operations led to an acute phase response in the sheep and the development of pneumonia increased and sustained the response or led to a secondary response. Statistically significant changes observed in the blood of the sheep during the acute phase response included increased concentrations of plasma ceruloplasmin and plasma fibrinogen, depression of erythrocyte numbers and elevation of neutrophil numbers (means on day of maximum change as percentage of pretreatment values; 250 per cent, 400 per cent, 80 per cent and 200 per cent, respectively). Serum haptoglobin showed a pronounced and significant increase in concentration (over 6000 per cent of pretreatment values in some sheep). All three groups of sheep showed significant depression of liveweight after overnight confinement in the surgery but this was sustained for the period of the experiment only in the bronchial obstruction group. The results indicated that measurement of the concentrations of the three plasma proteins may be more useful in the diagnosis of tissue injury and infectious disease than the number of circulating neutrophils in sheep.
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PMID:Acute phase response of sheep: changes in the concentrations of ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and the major blood cell types associated with pulmonary damage. 246 10

Serum viscosity's increase in diabetes has been linked to the presence of microvascular sequelae and to changes in serum protein composition. The major change is a decline in albumin and an increase in the levels of acute-phase proteins. In this study, albumin and five acute phase proteins--alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, alpha-1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and C-reactive protein--were measured. Levels in adult diabetes (principally type II) were compared with those in both subjects with glucose intolerance and control subjects (healthy subjects and nondiabetic ambulatory patients). Haptoglobin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and C-reactive protein increased markedly in both diabetes and glucose intolerance; ceruloplasmin and alpha-1 antitrypsin increased more marginally. Serum albumin level decreased more strikingly as hyperglycemia advanced. Acute-phase proteins also increased in advanced glucose intolerance as in established diabetes. The acute-phase protein elevation did not differ with degree of control or duration of diabetes. When diabetics were divided into those with and without clinically detectable evidence of microvascular sequelae, elevation of haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and depression of albumin were found to progress with number of sequelae. The levels of these proteins, particularly haptoglobin, were also highly correlated with serum viscosity expressed as viscosity number. Mild serum albumin depression and a more striking acute-phase protein elevation are greater in diabetes with microangiopathy, develop in glucose intolerance, and contribute substantially to elevated plasma viscosity in diabetes.
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PMID:Increased levels of acute-phase serum proteins in diabetes. 247 61

A heterogeneous group of surgery patients at septic risk was studied through monitoring of acute phase proteins (APP). Plasma levels of 8 acute phase proteins (C-reactive, alpha-1 antitrypsin, fibrinogen, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, prealbumin, alpha-2 macroglobulin) were measured in the pre- and postoperative period of septic surgery patients suffering from disease processes in various sites and with different aetiopathogenesis. The experiment is related to some interesting research proposed by authors in the Shock Physiopathology Study Centre of the Catholic University of Rome and their results. The constant finding of increased values of PCR, fibrin, cerul, alpha-1 Tryp in the septic risk surgery patient and their normalisation following treatment is particularly significant. In these same cases, a depression or, depending on circumstances, normal findings of Transf, alpha-2 Macro, Albu and Prealbu were observed. The results point to the practical utility an high reliability of APP changes as markers of septic risk.
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PMID:[Acute phase proteins as markers of septic risk in surgical patients]. 248 55

Certain metabolic effects were investigated in post-menopausal women undergoing oral estrogen replacement therapy for 6 months using various substances. The increases in serum concentration of the estrogen-sensitive proteins, pregnancy zone protein (PZP), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) had very similar and dose-dependent patterns. Ethinyl-estradiol was found to be much more potent than the "natural" estrogens. Estriol in various doses did not increase the protein level. Gonadotropin inhibition occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In terms of FSH suppression ethinyl-estradiol was approximately 120 times as potent as the "natural" estrogens. There was a striking resemblance between the "estrogenicity" of four different estrogens when expressed both in inhibition of gonadotropins and in induction of the two serum proteins SHBG and ceruloplasmin. Estriol caused a significant depression of FSH when given orally in a dose of 2 mg three times daily. Prolactin was found to decrease during treatment with low doses of estrogens. Estrogen therapy was found to have only moderate effects on adrenal androgens. Tamoxifen, and anti-estrogen, was found to exert distinctly estrogenic effects during treatment of post-menopausal women. In post-menopausal women with low amounts of circulating estrogens the tamoxifen-receptor complex itself may produce a net estrogenic response. Serum samples from post-menopausal women treated with ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg and estrone sulphate 2.5 mg daily were found to reduce the lymphocyte reactivity in mixed lymphocyte cultures.
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PMID:Estrogen replacement therapy after the menopause. Estrogenicity and metabolic effects. 628 33

Male ICR mice were either given water containing Cd at a level of 192-200 ppm for 45 days (ingestion group), or were injected subcutaneously once a week with Cd (1 mg/kg) as CdCl2 for 7 weeks (injection group). The control group was given Cd-free water. In both Cd groups, the hematocrit and hemoglobin values did not change markedly. In the ingestion group, the Fe concentration decreased greatly in the liver, kidney, spleen, and duodenum. These decreases may be due to depression of Fe absorption from the intestine. In the injection group, Fe increased in the liver, spleen, and duodenum, although it decreased in the kidney. By Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, Fe-proteins in the hepatic supernatants were located in the void volume region of this gel column in both Cd groups. Apparently, Fe was not a component of metallothionein (MT) protein. The hepatic MT induction by Cd resulted in an increase in hepatic supernatant Cu. Serum Cu and ceruloplasmin (Cp) activity were stimulated only in the injection group. The enhancement of Cp activity may possibly be due to the increase in hepatic Cu which was accompanied by an increase in hepatic Fe, rather than a decrease. Our observations suggest that Fe metabolism is influenced differentially by the administration route of Cd.
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PMID:Effects of subcutaneous and oral cadmium on iron metabolism: role of ceruloplasmin and metallothionein. 651 7

There is little absolute data in the form of prospective studies in patients with specific illnesses who are on oral contraceptives (OCs). Consequently, the clinician must depend on well-founded empiric decisions in prescribing the pill for these patients. The basis for the decision should be a firm understanding of the pathophysiology and laboratory effects of OCs. This needs to be juxtaposed with an understanding of the efficacy and effects of the estrogen and progestational components of the birth control pill and their interactions with maintenance medications. Available evidence is reviewed for the following medical disorders: central nervous system disorders (depression, Wilson's disease, headaches, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and the eye); immunologic and connective tissue diseases; diseases of the endocrine system, the gastrointestinal system, the genitourinary system, the memopoietic system; and skin disorders. 7% of women on OCs have increased or newly reported depression. Whether these are primarily psychogenic or metabolically derived is yet to be definitively determined. Wilson's disease can be exacerbated by OCs because of increased plasma ceruloplasmin and increased absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract. Headaches can be either a vague or a specific symptom, such as migraines, but 1/3 of these patients will become worse on OCs. There is good evidence that the headaches are caused by falling estrogen levels. There is no good evidence that epilepsy, in general, becomes worse on OCs. OCs have relatively no effect on the longterm prognosis in multiple sclerosis. Increased corneal sensitivity has been observed with OC use, and this has usually presented an intolerance to the use of contact lenses. This is primarily the result of increased edema of the cornea and changing of its contour. By inference, OCs cause some basic universal changes in the immunologic system. OCs have been reported as a cause of a rare form of rheumatoid arthritis, but the Royal College reports a decrease in incidence of cell-mediated immunologic disease, specifically rheumatoid arthritis in its more familiar form. There is no evidence that OCs markedly influence thyroid disease, but they do markedly alter thyroid function testing. OCs do not produce a chronic addisonian state nor do they inhibit the ability of the adrenal-pituitary axis to respond to stress. OCs can be used in thyroid disease but with some caution in hypothyroid states. They should not be used in patients with Cushing's syndrome and are not recommended in patients with adenomas. In general, estrogen works as an irritant to the gastric mucosa, but there is no increase in peptic ulcer diseases associated with OC use, and the incidence of duodenal ulcer disease is decreased. The most striking liver disease seen with OCs is cholelithiasis. The incidence is increased 2-fold. OCs should not be prescribed for patients with chronic renal disease because of the vascular effects as well as the reported increased risk of urinary tract infection. The Royal College report has shown a decreased incidence of iron deficiency anemia in patients on OCs. Various skin changes have been reported in women using OCs. The most common of these is chloasma. In all the diseases studied thus far, the use of OCs has not precipitated a catastrophic change.
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PMID:The use of birth control pills in women with medical disorders. 702 14

The effects of varying doses of a short-acting (methylprednisolone) and a long-acting (dexamethasone) synthetic glucocorticoid on extent and duration of alterations in plasma zinc and copper concentrations in normal humans are documented. Early after intravenous administration of either steroid, increases in plasma zinc and copper levels were observed. By 12 hours, plasma zinc concentrations had decreased below control levels and the extent and duration of the depression depended on the dosage of the steroid administered. No significant decrease was noted beyond 48 hours. The plasma copper levels did not decrease until after zinc levels began returning toward normal, reaching a peak depression at 48 hours and, at high doses of steroids, persisting until completion of the study at 96 hours. This difference in the time sequence suggests that different mechanism control plasma concentrations of the two metals. The serum zinc levels may depend on ACTH-adrenal interactions, while the slower response of the serum copper levels may depend on changes in the rate of synthesis of the serum copper-binding protein, ceruloplasmin.
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PMID:Influence of synthetic corticosteroids on plasma zinc and copper levels in humans. 732 87

Acute phase protein concentrations in blood, food intake and liveweight changes were compared in 10 sheep given intrathoracic injections of yeast and 10 control sheep over a period of 61 days. The yeast injections caused acute pleuritis and limited necrotising lung lesions which progressed to fibrous pleural adhesions and walled-off abscesses. The responses of ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen and haptoglobin were closely correlated (r = 0.87 to 0.91) in the yeast-injected sheep with peaks on days 5 or 7 after treatment (4, 4.6 and over 130 times control, respectively). Albumin concentration fell to a nadir of 89 per cent of control on day 12 after treatment. Depression of food intake was temporally related to the 'positive' acute phase protein responses with a nadir on day 5 after treatment (30 per cent of control). Liveweight showed a pronounced fall to five days after treatment and thereafter remained depressed relative to the controls for most of the experimental period. The data suggest that the 'positive' acute phase proteins may be useful indicators of production losses due to inflammatory diseases in sheep.
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PMID:Acute phase protein response, food intake, liveweight change and lesions following intrathoracic injection of yeast in sheep. 750 37

It is found that antioxidative activity (AOA) and activity of glutathione-transferase in postmitochondrial placenta fraction of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus is lowered. Depression of AOA in placenta associated with a decrease of UDA and ceruloplasmin amount in blood of the newborns shows the exhaustion of the antioxidative protection system. A decrease of enzyme activity at the sorbitol way of glucose exchange (sorbitol-dehydrogenase and aldose reductase) in placenta reflects accumulation of sorbitol in tissue, which intensifies the damage of membrane structures in placenta.
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PMID:[Status of the antioxidant system and sorbitol pathway of glucose metabolism in diabetes mellitus]. 823 22

Studies of immune function during depression in persons without intellectual disability (ID) have revealed elevated levels of alpha2 macroglobulin (alpha2M) and an acute phase protein (APP) response. Clinical observation suggests that people with Down's syndrome (DS) may have associated genetic abnormalities in their immune systems. The APP response and alpha2M changes in depressed versus non-depressed adults with DS was the subject of the present study. The serum pan-proteinase inhibitor alpha2M, and the AP proteins c-reactive protein (CRP), alpha1 antitrypsin (alpha1AT), ceruloplasmin (Cp), beta2 Macroglobulin (beta2M), transthyretin (Trans), serum amyloid protein (SAP), and albumin (Alb) were measured in 38 adults with DS, 19 of whom were diagnosed with and 19 without depression using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The DSM-IV criteria were used for diagnoses. Medical and neurological examinations excluded medical disorders associated with APP response. Only alpha2M and CRP were significantly different in the depressed versus non-depressed groups. The alpha2M was higher, a response similar to one observed in depressed people without ID, but the CRP was lower in the depressed group, especially in those subjects not on psychotropic medications, contrary to the expected APP response to depression. The results suggest that alpha2M elevation in depressed adults with DS is independent of the APP response. An alternative explanation for its elevation is proposed linking the core symptom of depression with the mammalian dormancy/hibernation process. Further studies are needed to confirm that alpha2M elevation is specific to depression and that it might provide a helpful marker for the diagnosis of depression in people with ID.
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PMID:Alpha2 macroglobulin elevation without an acute phase response in depressed adults with Down's syndrome: implications. 1111 19


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