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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A low NDF drought-stressed 1988 alfalfa silage (32.6% NDF) and a higher fiber 1988 alfalfa silage (46.4% NDF) were fed to lactating cows to evaluate effects on feed intake, fat test, and chewing behavior. Two groups of Holstein cows, 16 primiparous housed in tie stalls and 16 multiparous in free stalls, were assigned to diets based on parity and milk yield. The low NDF silage was fed for 6 wk in a TMR with 21.5% NDF and was compared with a TMR with 31.9% NDF. During an additional 4-wk period, one-half of each dietary group was fed a ration in which one-half of each silage was rechopped to reduce particle size. All rations contained a 1:1 ratio of forages to concentrates (DM basis) and were fed for ad libitum intake. Diets with 21.5% NDF and reduced particle size had no influence on milk fat percentage, 4% FCM yield, or plasma glucose. Cows fed these diets had reduced chewing time, due largely to decreased rumination time. Rumination and total chewing times per unit DMI and FCM also were lowest on these diets. Intake of DM on a BW basis was lowest for cows fed the low NDF rechopped silage diet. Cows fed in tie stalls had more eating bouts than those in free stalls, but total eating times were similar. Sufficient amounts of effective fiber appeared to be present in low NDF and rechopped silage diets to prevent the systemic events leading to milk fat depression but not to prevent a reduction in chewing time.
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PMID:Effect of fiber content and particle size of alfalfa silage on performance and chewing behavior. 165 45

This is the last of a series of three papers dealing with the role of self-esteem in the onset of clinical depression. On the basis of a longitudinal population enquiry a comprehensive psychosocial model of depression is developed. It is concluded that self-esteem (primarily in terms of a negative measure) does play a significant role. However, this can be only properly interpreted in the light of the full model. This highlights: 1. the importance of the occurrence of both a negative environmental factor (negative interaction with children or husband for married or negative interaction with children or lack of a very close tie for single mothers) and a negative psychological factor (low self-esteem or chronic subclinical condition); and 2. how a relatively small group of high risk women in these terms (23% of total at risk based on measures collected well before any onset) contain three-quarters of all instances of onset of depression occurring over a 12 month period.
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PMID:Self-esteem and depression. III. Aetiological issues. 223 4

The concept culture-bound syndrome' (CBS) is elusive. In this paper an attempt has been made to tie the concept down more firmly by proposing a strict definition, examining the appropriateness of this definition in determining the CBS status of two new syndromes (anorexia nervosa and brain-fag) and analysing the usefulness or not of the basic CBS concept. A CBS is defined as a collection of signs and symptoms of disease (not including notions of cause as recently proposed in the anthropological literature) which is restricted to a limited number of cultures by reason of certain of their psychosocial features. Anorexia nervosa appears to fit the definition but further empirical evidence is required to assure that the illness is restricted to Western cultures or cultures strongly influenced by them. The question of the CBS status of brain-fag demonstrates the need to clearly differentiate such disease features as symptom clusters, labels for those clusters, and notions of etiology. Failure to keep such features distinct has led to considerable controversy, but if the proposed definition is strictly adhered to, brain-fag does qualify for the CBS designation. As regards the usefulness of the CBS concept, it is proposed that the question hinges upon whether CBS's signal a difference that makes a difference. It is demonstrated that the CBS concept is useful for medical anthropologists or transcultural psychiatrists who are concerned about relationships between symptom patterns and cultural processes. It is also useful to epidemiologists who, for example, may be interested in estimating the prevalence of depression; it is important to know that they must count some cases of CBS's along with cases of depression with a more typically Western symptomatology. The concept may be redundant for psychopharmacologists who find that they successfully treat many different culture bound syndromes with the same drugs.
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PMID:The concept of culture-bound syndromes: anorexia nervosa and brain-fag. 241 52

The Generalised Health Questionnaire and Standardised Psychiatric Interview were used to determine psychiatric morbidity among 126 patients consecutively admitted to a medical oncology unit. Senior house officers and nurses also rated anxiety and depression. 36 (29%) patients were psychiatrically ill and affective disorders (29, 23%) predominated. Psychiatric morbidity was associated with feeling moderately or severely physically ill, and previous psychiatric illness, but not with awareness of having cancer or lack of a confiding tie. The General Health Questionnaire identified 79% of affective disorders at the cost of a 34% false positive rate. Doctors and nurses recognised only 49% of the depressed group; more of those with morbid anxiety (79%) were identified but only because they assumed most patients were anxious. Training in interviewing skills could substantially improve the identification and referral rates of patients with psychiatric morbidity.
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PMID:The recognition of psychiatric morbidity on a medical oncology ward. 272 99

A prospective study of 400 largely working-class women with children living at home has used measures of self-esteem and 'social support' to predict the risk of depression in the following year once a stressor had occurred. Actual support received at the time of any crisis in the follow-up year was also measured. Self-esteem was correlated quite highly with some of the measures of support. A core tie was defined as a husband, lover or someone named as very close at first contact. Negative evaluation of self (i.e. low self-esteem), and various indices of lack of support from a core tie at the first interview, were associated with a greatly increased risk of subsequent depression once a stressor occurred. Lack of support from a core tie at the time of the crisis was particularly highly associated with an increased risk. There was also a high risk among those who were 'let down' - that is, for those who did not receive the support which they might have expected in terms of the first interview material. It is concluded that it is essential for prospective enquiries to take account of the actual mobilization of support in the follow-up period.
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PMID:Social support, self-esteem and depression. 382 99

Haemostasis of Santorini's venous plexus during radical prostatectomy or total cystoprostatectomy is a delicate phase of the procedure which facilitates the conditions of the surgery and the postoperative course. Based on a series of 150 prostatectomies, the authors describe their technique using Babcock forceps for "en bloc "ligation of the venous plexus. After opening the pelvic aponeurosis and section of the puboprostatic ligaments, a Babcock forceps is placed above the urethra and prostatic apex, including all of Santorini's plexus enclosed by its fibrous tissue, allowing exposure of the abascular plane of cleavage situated between the anterior surface of the urethra and this plexus. Klikenberg scissors are then introduced into the depression formed underneath the jaws of the Babcock forceps and are guided by the index finger into the symmetrical depression of the other side. The hypogastric connective tissue is perforated lateromedially and the scissors are gently opened to enlarge the passage. A right-angle dissector is then inserted and grips n.1 or 2 absorbable suture material which, after removing the Babcock forceps, is used to tie all of the anterior venous complex. This technical device allows a more reproducible and standardised approach to this operative step.
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PMID:[The use of the Babcock forceps for hemostasis of the pre-prostatic veins in radical prostatectomy of total cystoprostatectomy]. 785 31

Daughters' responses to an elderly mother's death are found to be multidimensional. In the first six months of bereavement many daughters experience themes of both holding on and letting go. Measured were depression, grief, somatic reactions, as well as impact on the sense of self, degree of acceptance of the death, and ways in which the tie with the mother endures. Though many of these reactions are intercorrelated, they are differentially associated with characteristics of the daughter, mother, and the quality of their relationship. Relatively sudden deaths were associated with more intense grief, less acceptance, and more thoughts of reunion than deaths that occurred in a nursing home.
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PMID:Impact of elderly mother's death on middle age daughters. 837 14

The ultrastructure of spermatogenesis and of the spermatozoon of Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Sparidae) are described. The testis is of the unrestricted type. Germ cells are surrounded by cyst cells. Spermiogenesis involves conspicuous modifications such as intracellular movements (diplosome and mitochondria migration, nuclear rotation, and depression) and structural changes (chromatin condensation, shape of mitochondria, and loss of cytoplasm). The mature spermatozoon has a spherical nucleus with a deep, axial nuclear fossa, and an unusual notch, shaped like a bow tie. The short midpiece contains four spherical mitochondria and encircles the basal body of the flagellum. It is concluded that the A. schlegeli spermatozoon is of a primitive type, but that it is characterized by a unique feature which may provide a useful systematic character.
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PMID:Spermatogenesis in the black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Teleostei: Perciformes: Sparidae). 839 33

Psychological distress, as expressed through symptoms of depression, was studied in a cross-sectional sample of parents providing homecare to developmentally disabled children. Mothers and fathers were interviewed separately in 73 households. The intent of the study was to explore predictors of symptoms of depression to better understand what child, family and life circumstances might be differentially related to psychological stress in the cohorts of men and women. Hierarchical regression analyses showed similar levels of variance explained in depression of mothers (42%) and fathers (40%). Mothers with younger children, and fathers with male children, appeared to be at higher risk for depression. Personal or intra-psychic coping resources (self-esteem), and strong-tie social support resources (spousal relationship) were found to be significant predictors of depression in both mothers and fathers. Informal respite resources were related to mothers' well-being.
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PMID:Gender differences in the psychological adjustment of parents of young, developmentally disabled children. 884 82

Manipulations of the sleep-wake cycle, whether of duration (total or partial sleep deprivation [SD]) or timing (partial SD, phase advance), have profound and rapid effects on depressed mood in 60% of all diagnostic subgroups of affective disorders. Relapse after recovery sleep is less when patients are receiving medication; it may be prevented by co-administration of lithium, pindolol, serotonergic antidepressants, bright light, or a subsequent phase advance procedure. Diurnal and day-to-day mood variability predict both short-term response to SD and long-term response to antidepressant drug treatment. These mood patterns can be understood in terms of a "two-process model of mood regulation" based on the model well established for sleep regulation: the interaction of circadian and homeostatic processes. The therapeutic effect of SD is postulated to be linked to changes in disturbed circadian- and sleep-wake-dependent phase relationships and concomitant increase of slow-wave-sleep pressure; additionally, SD-induced sleepiness may counteract the hyperarousal state in depression. This model has the advantage of providing a comprehensive theoretical framework and stringent protocols ("constant routine," "forced desynchrony") to dissect out specific disturbances. Many aspects tie in with current serotonergic receptor hypotheses of SD action. A treatment inducing euthymia in severely depressed patients within hours is an important therapeutic option that has come of age for clinical use.
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PMID:Sleep deprivation in depression: what do we know, where do we go? 1045 93


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