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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigates the coping styles of bulimic patients with personality disorders (PDs) and the effects of the level of depression on the relations between PDs and coping. The sample consisted of 75 Argentinean bulimic outpatients engaged in treatment. Patients completed the SCID II (Structural Interview for DSM IV-Personality Disorders), COPE (Coping Inventory), and the SCL-90-R (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised). No differences in the coping styles of bulimic patients with or without a PD were found. However, when three specific PDs were considered-Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive, or Borderline PDs-clear differences in the coping styles of the bulimics were found. However, the differences disappeared when depression was controlled. Regarding the severity of the three specific PDs, coping styles were only found to be associated with the Avoidant PD. Depression showed to affect the relations between coping styles and two specific PDs-Avoidant and Borderline PDs-in bulimic patients.
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PMID:Personality disorders, depression, and coping styles in Argentinean bulimic patients. 1523 47

There is increasing evidence that major depression impacts the course of HIV infection, yet few studies have explored demographic and clinical predictors of depression in people who with HIV/AIDS. This study investigated predictors of depression (e.g., demographic and clinical variables, negative life events, and coping response) among outpatients with recently diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients in South Africa. One hundred forty-nine recently diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients (44 males and 105 females; mean time since diagnosis = 5.8, standard deviation [SD] 4.1) were evaluated. Subjects were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Carver Brief COPE coping scale, and the Sheehan Disability Scale. In addition, previous exposures to trauma and past risk behaviors were assessed. Three variables: gender (odd ratio [OR] = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56, 1.93), impact of negative life events (OR = 1.13; CI, 1.03, 1.23), and disability (OR = 1.51, CI, 1.28, 1.80) predicted current major depression. It is well known from non-HIV populations that female gender and increased negative life events predict depression. These data also emphasize the importance of these links in HIV.
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PMID:Predictors of major depression in recently diagnosed patients with HIV/AIDS in South Africa. 1532 Oct 19

This study was concerned with identifying the impact of variables such as gender, length of time caring, coping style, depression and perception of caregiving burden on the physical and psychological well-being of carers of persons with dementia. Forty-two carers aged between 21 and 88 years from Blue Care's Homecare Dementia Service and Cairns Aged Care Health Service participated in the study. A cross-sectional survey research design was used, with participants providing information on the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the COPE, Short Form (SF)-12 and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. Perceived burden accounted for 41.7% of the variance in satisfaction with life as a subjective measure of well-being. There were no significant differences between male and female carers. Satisfaction with life was not found to decrease with length of time caring for the dementia sufferer. There were no significant findings in regard to coping style or physical health of carers. The well-being of carers can be enhanced through strategies which lead to a reduced perception of burden, with respite services providing tangible relief from burden.
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PMID:Caring for a person with dementia: exploring relationships between perceived burden, depression, coping and well-being. 1587 84

The present study evaluated the efficacy of an individualized psycho-education (PE) program in reducing psychological distress and risky sexual behavior and enhancing self-disclosure associated with an HIV diagnosis among attendees of a walk-in non-governmental voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center in Nigeria. Ninety-four consecutive individuals were asked to complete a pre-counseling, baseline questionnaire detailing their sociodemographic characteristics, psychopathology, sexual practices, self-disclosure intention and coping behaviors. They were screened for HIV and post-test counseled. Sixty-seven individuals (72.2%) who tested positive were consecutively randomly assigned to one of two groups: a PE program (four 60-minute weekly manual driven sessions) (N=34) and a wait-list (WL) control group (N=33). The major outcome measures used were the Crown Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Beck et al., (1961), self-report sexual practices in past three months, self-disclosure intention and the brief COPE. At four weeks post-intervention, significant reductions on all measures as well as reduction in risky sexual practices were observed in the treatment group compared with the wait-list group. Treatment group members were also significantly more likely to disclose their serostatus and accept their HIV status as a way of coping, compared with the wait-list group. Overall, support was found for the efficacy of a manual-driven PE program for self-disclosure, reduction of depression and improvement in safe sexual practices.
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PMID:Improving well-being through psycho-education among voluntary counseling and testing seekers in Nigeria: a controlled outcome study. 1701 95

This study aimed to characterize the process of psychosocial adjustment following a newly diagnosed seizure. Eighty-five adult patients were assessed 1 and 3 months after a first seizure presentation with a purpose-developed semistructured interview, the NEWQOL, and the COPE. Among a broad range of patient concerns, psychological issues were paramount, representing a process of losing and restoring perceived control. Two psychological adjustment trajectories were identified, which hinged on the experience of a limited (n=37) or pervasive (n=48) loss of control. These adjustment trajectories were predicted by demographic and clinical factors. The pervasive group described a more extensive process of reevaluation, leading to an improved sense of self at 3 months. Pervasive loss of control, anxiety, and depression predicted subsequent seizure recurrence. Overall, a first seizure can trigger a complex adjustment process, which might require therapeutic management in some patients.
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PMID:The psychological impact of a newly diagnosed seizure: losing and restoring perceived control. 1729 74

Parents of children affected by haemophilia must face, often without prior knowledge, the difficult challenge imposed by such a pathology. To satisfy the need of information, guideline and psychological support for a better quality of life, 30 parents with haemophiliac children have participated in a programme of counselling and psychological support. Such a programme has the aim of guiding the group trough a process of discovery, comparison and personal growth and stimulating adaptive processes of problem-solving and decision-making. The aim of this paper was to verify how the programme influenced coping strategies and other psychological constructs such as depression and anxiety. Subjects of this study were administered the following psychological tests: COPE (coping, orientation to problems experienced), BDI (beck depression inventory), STAI-Y form (state-trait anxiety inventory) at the beginning and at the end of the programme. The results show that by the end of the programme subjects are characterized by a greater use of problem-focused coping strategies, typical of individuals who think that the situation is susceptible to change, and a minor use of emotion-focused coping strategies, related to individuals who regard the situation as immutable. The use of avoidance -focused coping strategies seems to remain at the same level even if it was low. Also the other psychological aspects investigated, namely depression and anxiety, did receive a positive influence. The results show how significant such programme has been for parents.
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PMID:Psychological aspects and coping styles of parents with Haemophilic child undergoing a programme of counselling and psychological support. 1749 80

The total of 178 firefighters from the Littoral Mountainous County, the Republic of Croatia, have undergone psychotestings in three groups--99 professionals from city Rijeka, 44 professionals from suburb and 35 volunteers from suburb. The scores of PSS 10 Cohen Stress Perception Scale, COPE questionnaire, STAI X1 anxiety test as condition and STAI X2 anxiety test as trait personality and Beck Depression Inventory were analyzed. The results have shown that firefighters do not suffer from negative effects of stress. There is slight anxiety as condition in city firefighters and medium anxiety as trait personality in all firemen. All firefighters are often problem-oriented, need only occasionally compassion of environment and sometimes react by avoiding to face stress. They differ significantly by depression (p < 0.001), which is negligible in relation to ordinary population. "Working anxiety", i.e. medium anxiety which is a distinctive trait of their personality becomes the necessary initiator of functioning in the most difficult working conditions.
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PMID:Examining psychic consequences in firefighters exposed to stress. 1784 22

The aim of this study was to evaluate determinants of consultation for migraine in a representative sample of the French general adult population. We interviewed 10,032 subjects, of whom 1534 fulfilled the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria for migraine. These were categorized into migraine, probable migraine and chronic migraine. Information was collected on consultation experience; 436 subjects (28.4%) had never consulted for headache, 473 (30.8%) were in active consultation and 625 (40.7%) had previously consulted but lapsed. Subjects with chronic migraine showed the highest active consultation rates (51.8%). All subjects completed rating instruments for headache [Headache Impact Test (HIT)-6], psychiatric (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scale) and psychological [Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Brief COPE Inventory and Coping Strategy Questionnaire] variables. The strongest determinants of active consultation were BIPQ scores, HIT-6 scores and migraine type. Consultation was associated with maladaptive coping strategies (social support, emotional expression and acceptance). Determinants of remaining in consultation were catastrophizing coping scores and previous consultation experience.
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PMID:The GRIM2005 study of migraine consultation in France I. Determinants of consultation for migraine headache in France. 1788 13

The SMILE study was conducted among migraine patients consulting in primary care in France. The first phase aimed to describe the study sample of patients at entry to the study, especially emotional dimension (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale), functional impact (abridged Migraine Specific Questionnaire), stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and coping behaviours (brief COPE inventory avoidance subscale, Coping Strategies Questionnaire catastrophizing subscale), as well as treatments used and their effectiveness and treatments prescribed at end of consultation. Results indicate that consulting migraine patients suffer frequent migraine attacks, exhibit substantial levels of anxiety, functional impact and stress, and often use maladaptive coping strategies. Abortive treatments appear ineffective in most patients (74%). Patients with more affected psychometric variables and treatment ineffectiveness are more likely to be deemed eligible for prophylactic treatment. These data highlight the seriousness of migraine and maladjustment of patients consulting in primary care.
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PMID:SMILE: first observational prospective cohort study of migraine in primary care in France. Description of methods and study population. 1803 38

Patterns of psychological coping are associated with a variety of health outcomes but the underlying pathways are not yet established. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between salivary cortisol output over the course of a day and coping style. Data were available from 350 men and 192 women with an average age of 60.9 years. Participants were drawn from the Whitehall II cohort, and had no history of cardiovascular disease. Individuals who were taking medication that might affect cortisol levels were also excluded. Saliva samples were provided on waking, then 0.5, 2.5, 8 and 12h after waking, and just before the participant went to sleep. Coping style was measured with a standard instrument, the COPE, and data were factor analysed to generate three factors: seeking social support, problem engagement and problem avoidance. The relationships between these factors and the cortisol awakening response (CAR), the slope of cortisol change over the day and total cortisol output over the day (excluding the waking period) were assessed using multiple linear regression. Cortisol output over the day was inversely associated with coping with stress by seeking social support (p=0.034) and by problem engagement (p=0.003), independently of age, gender, body mass index, smoking, depression, self-rated health, time of waking and income. Individuals who coped by problem engagement and seeking support had lower cortisol levels. Additionally, gender, BMI, smoking, self-rated health and time of waking were independently related to cortisol output over the day. There were no significant associations between coping and the CAR or cortisol slope over the day. The results indicate that adaptive coping styles are related to low levels of cortisol over the day, suggesting that neuroendocrine pathways may partly mediate relationships between psychological coping and health.
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PMID:Psychological coping styles and cortisol over the day in healthy older adults. 1832 82


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