Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic pain has been considered as a variant of depression or as a masked depression. In an attempt to unravel the complex relationship between chronic pain and depression, we administered the TRH stimulation test to a uniform group of chronic pain patients classified into those with and without major depression using DSM-III criteria. Eighteen percent showed blunting of TSH response to TRH. There was no significant difference between the two groups.
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PMID:Preliminary study of thyrotrophin releasing hormone stimulation test in chronic low back pain patients. 294 31

Despite a lack of documented efficacy in controlled trials, triiodothyronine (T3) is frequently administered as an adjunctive therapy for tricyclic resistant depressions. In this study, we tested the efficacy of T3 as an adjunctive treatment using a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Sixteen depressed patients who were unresponsive to 4 weeks of imipramine therapy (mean dose = 206 +/- 54 mg daily, mean combined blood level = 220 +/- 132 ng/dl) received T3 25 micrograms and placebo for 2 weeks each. There was no evidence of a T3 effect using both Hamilton depression scores and global improvement. No subgroup of responders using baseline TRH stimulation tests could be identified. T3 treatment lowered plasma free T4 (P = 0.001) and TSH (P greater than 0.02) while raising plasma T3 levels (P less than 0.01), indicating the physiological effect of the drug.
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PMID:Failure of T3 to potentiate tricyclic antidepressant response. 296 Jul 19

We studied the prolactin response to TRH in 53 unmedicated psychiatric inpatients. The prolactin response of females was significantly greater than the response of male subjects. There was no significant difference in the prolactin response to TRH between depressed patients and those with other psychiatric diagnoses. There was no significant relationship between the prolactin response to TRH and the severity of depression, the TSH response to TRH or the resistance to suppression of cortisol secretion by dexamethasone.
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PMID:Prolactin response to TRH in depression. 308 43

The relationship between circulating thyroid hormones and nutritional status was studied in sarcoma-bearing inbred C57BL/6J mice and control mice. Supplementation with exogenous thyroxine (T4) was also evaluated. Tumor-bearing animals had depressed levels of circulating thyroid hormones. This was also found in food-restricted (pair-fed and pair-weighed) controls. Plasma levels of thyroid hormones decreased with increased tumor burden. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone caused an increased response of thyroid-stimulating hormone in tumor-bearing animals. Low levels of thyroid hormones in sarcoma-bearing mice were due to depressed hormone production by the thyroid gland rather than to increased clearance rate of hormones. Plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T3) correlated to the amount of whole-body nitrogen among sarcoma-bearing mice and food-restricted controls. Exogenous T4 increased food intake by 20% in sarcoma-bearing mice. The benefit of this was probably counteracted by an increased metabolic rate, since reversal of plasma levels of T3 and free T4 had no net effect on body composition of freely eating sarcoma-bearing mice, although it had a negative effect on body and muscle composition in food-restricted controls. Exogenous T4 did not stimulate tumor growth. The results indicate that low circulating levels of thyroid hormones in experimental cancer cachexia are probably caused by the reduced food intake (anorexia), which is in agreement with findings in clinical cancer. Depression of thyroid hormones is probably a physiological means to reduce energy expenditure and to preserve substrates in progressive cancer disease.
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PMID:Thyroid hormones and experimental cancer cachexia. 309 Mar 41

TRH-induced thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) responses were investigated together with a dexamethasone suppression test in female psychiatric inpatients with major melancholic depression (n = 21), schizophrenic disorder (n = 20), alcohol dependence (n = 11), and adjustment disorder with predominantly depressed mood (n = 13), as well as in 15 healthy women. Abnormal responses for all four endocrine variables were noted most frequently in melancholia; however, a significant number of the non-depressed patients also had abnormal hormonal responses in the individual test. The association of two or three abnormalities proved to be quite specific for the melancholic group. There were no statistically significant differences in TRH-induced TSH responses among the patient subgroups. Non-suppression of cortisol after dexamethasone was associated with blunted TSH-responses only in melancholia. There was a tendency for non-suppressor schizophrenics to show more abnormal GH-responses to TRH administration.
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PMID:Associations among dexamethasone non-suppression and TRH-induced hormonal responses: increased specificity for melancholia? 309 67

TRH tests were performed on 131 patients with RDC diagnoses of major depressive disorders to study altered endocrine control mechanisms in subtypes of depression. The TSH response to TRH was measured in all patients. In more than a third of the sample the prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) responses were also analysed. There were no differences between bipolar, primary unipolar and secondary unipolar patients in means of any endocrine variable. However, the expected positive correlation between baseline TSH and delta TSH was absent in the secondary unipolar group, indicating a dysregulation of pituitary TRH receptor sensitivity in this depressive subtype. Only delta TSH was dependent on depressive state, being lower in currently ill primary unipolar patients only. Patients with melancholic features (endogeneity scores high) had blunted TSH responses. Weight loss was connected with TSH blunting in all depressive subtypes. Among patients with blunted delta TSH (less than 5 mU/l) there was no relationship between degree of weight loss and delta TSH. Further, examination of partial correlation coefficients suggests weight loss of affect delta TSH by virtue of its being part of the melancholic syndrome. A significant correlation between blunted delta TSH and nonsuppression of cortisol in the DST was found only among primary unipolar patients, arguing for some independence of the TRH test and the DST in mirroring disturbed endocrine controls in depression.
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PMID:TRH tests with analyses of TSH, prolactin, and GH responses in subtypes of patients with major depressive disorders. 309 81

The aims of the present study were to investigate the value of adding DSM-III diagnosis and Newcastle Scale Rating to the ICD-8 diagnosis currently used and to investigate the association between Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) and the Thyrotropine Releasing Hormone- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TRH-TSH) test and the three classification systems for depression. Twenty-six depressed in-patients were included, 17 women and 9 men, with a mean age of 51.5 years. Fourteen patients were psychotic depressed. DST and Newcastle Scale Rating were performed on 18 patients and TRH-TSH test was performed on 16 patients. The addition of DSM-III diagnosis on the 4-digit level did not have any value compared to the ICD-8 diagnosis. However, DSM-III diagnosis on the 5-digit level added important clinical information which corresponded better to Newcastle Scale scores and DST and TRH-TSH test results than ICD-8 diagnosis. The main advantage of the DSM-III classification of depression on the 5-digit level compared to ICD-8 concerns depression on the border between psychosis and neurosis. In clinical practice there is a risk of underestimating the severity of a depression if ICD-8/9 is used as the only criterion for severity. This may have tragic consequences for the patient. This study suggests that rating of the depression on the Newcastle Scale or provision of a DSM-III diagnosis on the 5-digit level are valuable assessment procedures of severity.
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PMID:A comparison of DSM-III and ICD-8 diagnoses for major affective disorders and the use of biological markers for depression. 309 84

In an evaluation of the possible role of dopamine on TRH test results, 21 depressed patients were given TRH before and after one week of treatment with a low dose of haloperidol. Haloperidol significantly increased serum prolactin (both basal and after TRH) and cortisol levels, decreased body temperature, and had no effect on serum TSH, growth hormone, or thyroid hormone levels. Five of six patients with initial TSH blunting were retested with TRH; in four patients the TSH response remained blunted. These data render it unlikely that dopamine exerts a major inhibitory input on TSH secretion in depression.
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PMID:The TRH test during dopamine receptor blockade in depressed patients. 309 92

Although relationships between hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and behavior have been suspected for more than two centuries, there existed no framework within which they could be understood. It now appears that disturbances in the HPT-axis have more to do with affective state than with any other aspect of mentation, save possibly cognition. First, depression is the most frequently observed psychiatric symptom in patients suffering from hypothyroidism. Second, approximately 30% of euthyroid patients with major depression show a blunted, i.e., attenuated TSH response after TRH administration. Third, it is now well established that a small dose of thyroid hormone will accelerate the antidepressant effect of tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) in women, and convert TCA non-responders into responders in both sexes. Fourth, administration of TRH may induce an increased sense of well-being and relaxation in some patients and healthy volunteers. However, little is known about the pathophysiologic mechanism whereby evocative emotional factors express their effect on the HPT axis, or whereby thyroid gland alterations express their behavioral effects. Longitudinal, prospective studies of both patients with thyroid disease and patients with depression (through close collaboration between endocrinology and psychiatry) are most likely to separate cause and effect in most instances.
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PMID:Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis: a psychoneuroendocrine perspective. 309 18

The TRH stimulation test was administered to 10 cocaine and 10 phencyclidine abusers as well as to 10 controls. No subjects had clinical evidence of depression. Significantly more blunting of the response of TSH to TRH was shown in cocaine and phencyclidine abusers compared with that seen in controls. No significant differences in blunting of response were seen between the cocaine and phencyclidine groups.
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PMID:Blunting of TSH response to TRH in chronic cocaine and phencyclidine abusers. 310 May 9


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