Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Swiss mice treated with an antithymic reticuloepithelial cells serum (ATRES) showed a drastic and prolonged depression of the serum thymic factor. A similar but less pronounced effect was also observed following the administration of the antithymocyte (ATS) and the antilymphocyte (ALS) sera. Conversely, the azathioprine sensitivity of spleen spontaneous rosette-forming cells was highly modified by the ATRES but not by the ATS or the ALS. The probable mechanisms of such effects are discussed.
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PMID:Effects of antithymic reticuloepithelial cells serum on the levels of circulating thymic factor and on the sensitivity to azathioprine of spleen spontaneous rosette-forming cells. 79 65

Out of 49 former inpatients diagnosed as suffering from myatrophic lateral sclerosis, 21 with a median illness duration of 33 months and severe physical handicaps took part in follow-up examinations as outpatients (n = 8) or have been visited at home (n = 9) or in nursing institutions (n = 4) another 21 patients had already died from the disease). Investigations included medical history (course of illness), neurological and psychiatric examination and interviews with relatives. Measures of daily living handicaps, quality of medical care, density of social network and amount of social support were obtained. In 16 cases, patients and relatives have been able to answer rating scales concerning patient's physical complaints, present mood, depression and anxiety. According to independent, but corresponding judgements of patients (selfrating), relatives and investigators, three out of four patients suffered from moderate or severe reactive depression. The severity of mood disturbance depended on the degree of physical disability in basic daily functions, rated as "loss of autonomy", and on measures of social isolation (number of relatives available). Handicapped and lonely patients seemed unable to cope with their fate, even if regular care was provided. According to former reports, ALS patients have a reputation of heroic stoicism with a low frequency of depression. Our own findings, obtained in patients with advanced disease, do not support these observations. The medical care--e.g. prescription of specific medication, nursing care, physiotherapy, supply of auxiliary devices and aids, nutrition--could often be considerably improved. Special emphasis is given to the indication and appropriate timing for a gastric feeding tube resp. a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). A second focus of the discussion is the urgent need for communication devices for paralysed speechless patients.
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PMID:[Disability in everyday tasks and subjective status of patients with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. 237 92

Positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was employed to assess regional cerebral glucose metabolism which is tightly coupled to neuronal activity in the brain. In Alzheimer's and multi-infarct dementia, hypometabolism of glucose was found in frontal, temporal, and parietal association cortices. Focal hypometabolism in association cortices was observed in depression, epilepsy, ALS and other neurological diseases without any symptoms of mental deterioration. These results might indicate that not focal but global decrease of neuronal activity in the association cortex induces demented state.
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PMID:[Cerebral glucose metabolism in dementia (PET-FDG study)]. 260 Oct 96

The yeast ILV2 gene encodes acetolactate synthase, the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine. Its multiple regulation has precluded the clear demonstration of whether ILV2 is under general amino acid control. Nonderepressible gcn4 strains were used as recipients for transformation with a YCp plasmid carrying GCN4. Parental gcn4 cells and their isogenic GCN4 transformants were evaluated for ALS derepression following induced amino acid starvation. GCN4 cells showed 1.5- to 1.7-fold derepression but no derepression was observed in isogenic control gcn4 strains. A similar depression of ILV2 mRNA was also observed. Genetic evidence for general amino acid control was the gcn4 suppression of high level resistance to sulfometuron methyl by the SMRI-410 allele of ILV2.
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PMID:The yeast ILV2 gene is under general amino acid control. 306 83

Three aspects of neuropsychological functioning in patients with ALS are examined. Contrary to previous research, a new psychometric study of psychological adjustment suggested significant depression-distress in this population and related psychological disturbance differentially to signs of upper versus lower motor neuron involvement and to respiratory failure. An association between ALS and impaired neuropsychological functioning is discussed through an examination of the clinical and pathologic literatures. ALS appears to be a multisystem degenerative disease with a variety of expressions that may frequently include loss of cognitive-behavioral competency with progressive involvement of the prefrontal cortex and, in a few instances, profound dementia. Finally, the article describes an analysis of trends in psychological adjustment and in the perception of physical capability over the course of a pilot clinical trial.
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PMID:Neuropsychological perspectives in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 310 53

Many medical professionals feel that a choice of long-term ventilatory support leads to a life of hopeless desperation. We compared the sociodemographic, physical and psychological status of 18 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease (ALS/MND) patients on ventilatory support for 1 to 120 months with that of 126 nonventilatory-supported ALS/MND patients. Patients filled out a comprehensive data form and completed ten psychological tests. A composite psychological status score was computed, representing a continuum from psychological distress to psychological well-being. Mann-Whitney and chi 2 tests were used to compare the two groups. There were no significant differences in sociodemographic makeup, depression, hopelessness, overall quality of life or psychological well-being. However, ventilatory-supported patients had a more internal health locus of control. Many patients on ventilatory support were able to live high quality lives. When ventilatory support is an option, we suggest that medical professionals be supportive of the patient's choices and recognise that a decision for ventilatory support is probably the best predictor of an acceptable quality of life on a ventilator.
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PMID:Evaluation of the psychological status of ventilatory-supported patients with ALS/MND. 882 Nov 86

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can be associated with profound sleep disturbances resulting from factors such as reduced mobility, muscle cramps, swallowing problems and anxiety. Although few studies have examined sleep patterns in ALS, disease-related symptoms such as restless legs and increased myoclonic activity can disturb both the initiation and maintenance of sleep. In addition, sleep-disordered breathing, exhibiting as hypoventilation, has been reported in patients with ALS. Interference with sleep patterns may produce daytime symptoms and activities of daily living can be further affected by an increased incidence of depression. Pharmacotherapy of sleep disturbance should be directed at the underlying cause and when hypnotics are required these should be short acting to minimise the carry-over effect into daytime.
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PMID:Sleep in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 911 83

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists have therapeutic potential in numerous CNS disorders ranging from acute neurodegeneration (e.g. stroke and trauma), chronic neurodegeneration (e.g. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, ALS) to symptomatic treatment (e.g. epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, drug dependence, depression, anxiety and chronic pain). However, many NMDA receptor antagonists also produce highly undesirable side effects at doses within their putative therapeutic range. This has unfortunately led to the conclusion that NMDA receptor antagonism is not a valid therapeutic approach. However, memantine is clearly an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist at therapeutic concentrations achieved in the treatment of dementia and is essentially devoid of such side effects at doses within the therapeutic range. This has been attributed to memantine's moderate potency and associated rapid, strongly voltage-dependent blocking kinetics. The aim of this review is to summarise preclinical data on memantine supporting its mechanism of action and promising profile in animal models of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The ultimate purpose is to provide evidence that it is indeed possible to develop clinically well tolerated NMDA receptor antagonists, a fact reflected in the recent interest of several pharmaceutical companies in developing compounds with similar properties to memantine.
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PMID:Memantine is a clinically well tolerated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist--a review of preclinical data. 1046 80

Twenty-five ALS subjects filled out five questionnaires: the ALS Functional Rating Scale, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, multidimensional McGill Quality of Life, Center of Epidemiologic Study--Depression Scale, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Fatigue, depression, and excessive somnolence are more pronounced in ALS subjects than in normal controls. Both fatigue and depression are associated with poorer quality of life in subjects with ALS, and should be treated aggressively.
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PMID:Fatigue and depression are associated with poor quality of life in ALS. 1515 19

The authors provide an extensive review of new data related to the role of glutamate in CNS disorders, describing new aspects in glutamate and glutamatergic receptors-NMDA receptors, NR2B-selective antagonists, non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, and glutamate and glycine transporters. New findings in animal models and in human diseases-stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, tardive dyskinesia, ALS, olivopontcerebellar degeneration, AIDS, allergic encephalomyelitis, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, liver disease, aminoglycoside antibiotic-induced hearing loss, hemiplegia, chronic pain and drug tolerance and abuse-are presented. Finally, the authors cite the progress achieved in the development of agents that interact with the glutamatergic system: NMDA channel blockers, competitive NMDA receptor antagonists, NR2B-selective antagonists, glutamate release inhibitors, glycineB antagonists, AMPA and kainate receptor antagonists, AMPA receptor-positive modulators and agents that act by modifying endogenous kynurenic acid metabolism.
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PMID:Glutamate in CNS disorders as a target for drug development: an update. 1561 69


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