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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An infusion of propofol was compared with intravenous boluses of diazepam as sedation for minor oral surgery under local anaesthesia in 12 healthy patients who had elective bilateral surgical extraction of lower third molars; the patients served as their own controls. Plasma catecholamine, vasopressin and cortisol concentrations were determined from repeated blood samples. The total administered dose of propofol was 3.93 (SD 1.34) mg/kg and of diazepam 0.28 (SD 0.07) mg/kg. No cardiovascular depression or airway problems occurred. Other side effects were also rare but some discomfort on injection was frequent with propofol. Recovery times were faster after propofol than after diazepam as assessed by the Maddox wing and visual analogue scales. Propofol also provided better amnesia compared to diazepam at the time of the extraction of the teeth. Eight of the 12 patients subjectively preferred propofol sedation. There was no hormonal stress response in either group.
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PMID:Propofol infusion for sedation in outpatient oral surgery. A comparison with diazepam. 280 18

Propofol 2.5 mg/kg was compared with thiopentone 5 mg/kg as an induction agent for elective Caesarean section. Thirty-two healthy women with cephalopelvic disproportion were included in an open randomised study. The placental transfer of propofol was also studied in 10 other mothers given a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg. The induction characteristics and haemodynamic response to propofol and thiopentone were similar. Side effects were rare with both agents, but propofol caused more discomfort on injection compared to thiopentone. Recovery times were shorter after propofol as evaluated by time to orientation, recovery scoring after anaesthesia and measurements with the Maddox wing. Rapid placental transfer and significant fetal uptake were detected for propofol. There was no significant neonatal depression as assessed by Apgar scores and blood gas analyses. Propofol appears to be a suitable alternative to thiopentone as an induction agent for anaesthesia in elective Caesarean section.
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PMID:Comparison of propofol and thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. 280 24

Propofol is a rapidly acting intravenous anesthetic agent which has many advantageous kinetic properties explaining its usefulness by bolus dose for induction of anesthesia or for administration by continuous intravenous infusion. It is rapidly distributed in the body with a half-life of only around 2 min and has an efficient hepatic and extrahepatic clearance (total body clearance may exceed liver blood flow). Premedication has little effect on the already good induction characteristics of propofol. The incidence of cardiorespiratory depression appears to be higher than that of other induction agents, but, on the other hand, the absence of tachycardiac response prevents the increase in cardiac oxygen demands. In patients with cardiac disease, especially after high or repeated doses, propofol may be more depressant to the cardiovascular system than thiopentone resulting in imbalance of regional myocardial oxygen demand and supply. Recovery from propofol is rapid and clear-headed with almost no hangover effect. This makes it very suitable for out-patient anesthesia and for cardioversion. However, even with the new emulsion formulation of the drug, pain on injection is still a problem. With regard to a longer lasting combination anesthesia propofol remains an alternative to older induction agents. When given as a continuous intravenous infusion for total intravenous anesthesia or for sedation in intensive care unit propofol has shown little accumulation. Its clinical effects are predictable, consistent and recovery is rapid, independent of the dose given. Propofol has proved to be a useful induction agent regardless of the age of patients, but in the elderly there appears to exist a marked sensitivity to it. Up to now there is no evidence that propofol in emulsion drug form can produce allergic or anaphylactoid reaction more often than other induction agents in use and no severe hematological nor visceral toxicity have been reported. In the present situation, when althesin is not marketed any more due to a high frequency of anaphylactoid reactions and etomidate will have a limited use in clinical practice because of its blocking effect on adrenocortical function, propofol offers an important alternative anesthetic agent to thiopentone.
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PMID:Propofol, the newest induction agent of anesthesia. 304 41

In 42 patients undergoing major surgery, anaesthesia was induced by intravenous alfentanil 10 micrograms/kg together with methohexitone 1.5 mg/kg or propofol 2 mg/kg. An infusion of six times these doses per hour was then started; the rate was varied subsequently as indicated by the monitoring of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, EEG and frontalis electromyogram. The mean duration of infusion was 76.7 minutes for propofol and 74.5 minutes for methohexitone and the infusion was stopped about 10 minutes before the end of surgery in each group. The induction dose differed, but the total dose requirement for the two drugs was similar. In every case, anaesthesia was satisfactory. Methohexitone caused a significant rise in mean pulse rate throughout anaesthesia (p less than 0.05, paired t-test). There was no change in mean pulse rate during propofol infusion. The dose of alfentanil used provided excellent control of autonomic reflexes, with negligible respiratory depression. Naloxone was not required. Propofol provided better anaesthesia than methohexitone, with fewer side effects (p less than 0.05, Chi squared test), easier control of the level of narcosis and faster recovery (p less than 0.001, t-test after log transformation).
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PMID:Propofol and alfentanil infusion. A comparison with methohexitone and alfentanil for major surgery. 308 51

The induction characteristics, dosage requirements, cardiovascular and respiratory effects of propofol with added lignocaine were compared with those of thiopentone and halothane inhalational induction in two groups of children aged 1-5 years and 5-10 years. Propofol induction produced significantly greater decreases in blood pressure, particularly in the 1-5 year age group. Heart rate was maintained well with all three induction techniques. Pain on injection into a vein on the dorsum of the hand was significantly more common with propofol despite the addition of lignocaine. However, this was mild in the majority of children and did not interfere with the induction of anaesthesia. The incidence of respiratory depression and other adverse effects was low with all three induction methods. The mean induction doses of both intravenous agents were greater in the 1-5-year age group. The ratio of thiopentone to propofol dose was approximately 2.5:1 in both age groups. The high incidence of pain on injection with propofol may prove to be a significant drawback to its otherwise satisfactory use in children.
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PMID:Propofol for induction of anaesthesia in children. A comparison with thiopentone and halothane inhalational induction. 326 Nov 39

Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic currently available for clinical investigative use. The intraoperative and postoperative effects of propofol were compared to methohexital when used as an adjuvant to nitrous oxide for outpatient anesthesia. Sixty healthy young women were randomly assigned to receive either methohexital, 1.5 mg/kg intravenously (IV), or propofol, 2.5 mg/kg IV, for induction of anesthesia. Both drugs produced transient cardiovascular and respiratory depression after induction. Maintenance of anesthesia consisted of either methohexital, 6 +/- 2 mg/min, or propofol, 7 +/- 2 mg/min (mean +/- SD) by continuous infusion in combination with nitrous oxide, 70% in oxygen. Use of a propofol infusion was associated with lower blood pressures and heart rates during maintenance. Propofol was associated with fewer side effects (e.g., hiccoughing, nausea, and vomiting) intra- and postoperatively. Recovery times for awakening, orientation, and ambulation were consistently shorter with propofol. We conclude that propofol is a useful alternative to methohexital for induction and maintenance of outpatient anesthesia.
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PMID:Comparison of propofol with methohexital for outpatient anesthesia. 349 Jan 95

Thirty unpremedicated patients for day-case surgery were anaesthetized with 2.5 mg kg-1 of a new formulation of I.C.I. 35868 (propofol: Diprivan--I.C.I.) in a lipid emulsion. An initial bolus of fentanyl (1-1.5 micrograms kg-1) was given. Anaesthesia was maintained with intermittent boluses of propofol (1 mg kg-1) with no other agent added. The significant problems were: a high incidence of pain on injection (30%) and apnoea following induction lasting more than 30 s (57%). Cardiovascular depression was significant but not considered excessive. Recovery from the drug was rapid and uneventful, with no reported hangover effect.
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PMID:The new formulation of I.C.I. 35868 (propofol) as the main agent for minor surgical procedures. 349 Sep 71

The induction and recovery characteristics of equivalent doses of propofol and methohexitone were compared in 50 patients undergoing day case isoflurane anaesthesia. Propofol induction was smoother but was associated with greater cardiorespiratory depression. Both the speed and quality of recovery were superior with propofol compared with methohexitone.
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PMID:A comparison of propofol and methohexitone as induction agents for day case isoflurane anaesthesia. 349 24

The new emulsion formulation of di-isopropyl phenol (propofol) was compared with methohexitone and thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia in day cases. Propofol produced significantly smoother induction of anaesthesia, but caused more cardiovascular and respiratory depression. Pain on injection was significantly less than with methohexitone. Post-anaesthetic recovery was superior with propofol, with virtual absence of side effects, and rapid recovery with little impairment of psychomotor function 30 min after anaesthesia.
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PMID:Comparison of the new emulsion formulation of propofol with methohexitone and thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia in day cases. 387 40

Assessment of pain on injection of the emulsified formulation of di-isopropylphenol (propofol, 'Diprivan') was undertaken in 120 unpremedicated patients and comparison made with thiopentone. A high incidence of pain (37.5%) was found using dorsal hand veins, but use of forearm veins showed only a 2.5% incidence of pain. The use of intravenous lignocaine immediately before propofol injection only partially reduced the incidence of pain using dorsal hand veins (17.5%). A degree of cardiorespiratory depression accompanied induction but the incidence of other side effects was low.
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PMID:Assessment and modification of pain on induction with propofol (Diprivan). 387 3


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