Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

General evidence of malnutrition such as loss in body weight associated with intestinal parasitism has been attributed to decreased food intake, to intestinal malabsorption, and to change in host basal metabolism. To establish the relative importance of these factors in this regard, rats with trichinosis were studied. The weights of infected and uninfected animals were followed after being placed on one of three feeding regimens for 1 week--stock diet ad libitum, intraduodenal nutrition, and intravenous nutrition. Infected rats on a stock diet lost weight whereas those on the other two regimens maintained the same weight pattern as uninfected counterparts. The maintainance of body weight occurred despite alterations at the level of the intestinal brush border as indicated by a depression of intestinal disaccharidase activities (sucrase and lactase) and by reduction of monosaccharide absorption (measured as accumulation of beta-methyl glucoside) in the proximal, heavily infected region of the small intestine. There was no compensatory increase in enzyme activity nor in the absorptive capacity in the distal gut. Results support the conclusion that inadequate oral food intake rather than changes in basal metabolism or intestinal pathophysiology accounts for weight loss during the intestinal phase of infection.
 ...
PMID:Enteral and parenteral feeding to evaluate malabsorption in intestinal parasitism. 11 Jan 62

Lactase deficiency, manifested clinically by lactose malabsorption, is often the only biochemical evidence of a residual disturbance of jejunal mucosal function after Escherichia coli enteropathy in the infant. Villous morphology is usually normal. A sustained depression of the processes of biochemical differentiation of lactase biosynthesis has been postulated to explain similar states of lactase deficiency, but a possible influence of altered epithelial cell turnover on the mucosal lactase levels has not been investigated. In ten infants with a residual lactose malabsorption, after E. coli infection, jejunal cell renewal activity and disaccharidase activities were studied by analysis of the exfoliated cells collected by lumenal perfusion. Significant increases in DNA and protein exfoliation and in the brush border activities of sucrase and lactase were observed during recovery from the malabsorptive disturbance. DNA and protein efflux increased almost linearly during a 20-day period. Lactase was initially four times more deficient than sucrase activity in the exfoliated cells. Both enzyme activities increased at almost identical rates. Therefore, it took longer for lactase activity to return to normal levels. The lactase/sucrase ratios approached normal at the end of the 20-day period. The changes in the exfoliating levels of the two enzymes, when analysed in relation to the increases in cell renewal activity, suggested a relationship between sucrase and lactase levels and cell age.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal exfoliated cells in infant diarrhoea: changes in cell renewal and disaccharidase activities. 104 54

Feeding sodium deoxycholate orally to rats for four days caused depression of the activity of the small intestinal enzymes lactase, sucrase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. The first four are brush border enzymes, the last a lysosomal enzyme. Alkaline phosphatase activity recovered very rapidly and rebounded to above the normal level within 24 hours. The activity of the three disaccharidases returned to normal within seven days while no recovery was observed within 96 hours of the activity of the lysosomal enzyme, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, after removing the bile salt from the diet.
 ...
PMID:Deoxycholate depresses small-intestinal enzyme activity. 114 Jun 27

Intestinal disaccharidase activities were determined in 294 jejunal biopsies obtained from 254 children with various disorders of the small bowel, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in 251 biopsies. In normal mucosa a broad range of enzyme activity was found corresponding with the data in the literature. A primary disaccharidase deficiency was observed in 5 children with congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency and in a 12-year-old Egyptian boy with acquired lactase deficiency. A secondary generalized depression of disaccharidase activity and a diminution of alkaline phosphatase activity existed chiefly in patients who had severe or moderate mucosal damage, also in active coeliac disease and during gluten loading, in protracted diarrhoea of infancy, chronic malabsorption of unknown origin and agammaglobulinemia. During remissions enzyme activities recovered together with mucosal improvement. Low levels of enzyme activities were also seen in some cases of protracted diarrhoea of infancy and chronic malabsorption of unknown origin although only mild mucosal lesions were demonstrated.
 ...
PMID:[Intestinal disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase activities of jejunal biopsies in small bowel diseases of children (author's transl)]. 127 85

In suckling rats prematurely weaned on the 15th, 17th, 19th or 21st day of life, the body weight and the weight of small intestine were studied as well as the activity of enteral sucrase and lactase. A delay in the gain of body weight and small intestine weight was the greater the earlier the sucklings had been weaned. The sucrase activity did not depend on the term of weaning. Whereas weaning on the 15th or 17th days of life considerably delayed the decrease in lactase activity. The latter seems to be due to the changes in the suckling's thyroid state because of thyroid depression under these conditions and absence of thyroid hormones intake from maternal milk.
 ...
PMID:[Changes in the saccharase and lactase activities of the small intestine in suckling rats prematurely weaned from the nursing dam]. 133 Jul 17

Oral administration of the antiulcerogenic drug, cimetidine, was studied on kidney-bound hydrolytic enzymes at three different dose levels (30 mg, 100 mg, and 2000 mg/kg body weight) and for single administration for 2 and 24 h, and daily administration for 15 days in mice. It significantly inhibited Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase, and Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase in the isolated basolateral membrane (BLM). Brush-border-membrane-(BBM)-associated enzymes, sucrase, lactase, maltase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase also showed a marked reduction. Substrate saturation kinetics revealed the nature of inhibition was of mixed type in the case of sucrase, lactase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase (Km was increased, while Vmax decreased), whereas it was of non-competitive type for leucine aminopeptidase (Km was unchanged, while Vmax decreased). In vitro addition of cimetidine (5-20 mM) to the BBM also inhibited the enzyme activity. Dixon plot produced the inhibition constant (Ki) for cimetidine in the case of maltase, alkaline phosphatase, and leucine aminopeptidase in the order of 14.83, 32.83 and 11.5 mM, respectively. Analysis of lipids revealed a significant reduction in BBM-associated phospholipid and phospholipid/cholesterol molar ratio, while the neutral lipid fraction, i.e., cholesterol and triglycerides were not altered. Free fatty acid exhibited an increase after drug treatment, which was significant at higher dose after 24 h of single and 15 days of daily treatment. BLM-associated lipids did not exhibit any significant change. Cimetidine-induced depression in renal BLM- and BBM-associated disaccharidases and ATPases, at least at the higher dose level, may have serious consequences in the absorption of end-product nutrients.
 ...
PMID:Depression of membrane-bound hydrolases by cimetidine in mouse renal basolateral and brush border. 183 34

The influence of glucocorticoid administration and limited nursing on piglet carbohydrase enzyme development and subsequent growth was examined in three experiments using 371 piglets. Treatments in the first two experiments were formed by the factorial arrangement of hydrocortisone (-HYD or +HYD) and limited nursing (-LN or +LN) imposed form d 14 to weaning (d 28). Hydrocortisone was replaced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the third experiment. Growth rates were severely depressed by HYD (P less than .01), LN (P less than .001) and to a lesser extent (P less than .06) by ACTH during the last 2 wk of lactation. During the first 14 d postweaning, piglets continued to grow more slowly following HYD treatment (P less than .01), whereas LN piglets grew more rapidly than those allowed to suckle normally. Although piglets were smaller at weaning after HYD injection (P less than .01), relative weights of liver, pancreas and small intestine were increased (P less than .05). Only adrenal weights were increased by ACTH (P less than .09). Pancreatic and intestinal amylase activities were increased two- to three-fold by HYD injection (P less than .05) but were unaffected by ACTH or LN (P greater than .10). Sucrase and maltase activity increased linearly with age (P less than .001). This rate of increase was numerically enhanced by glucocorticoid treatment and LN. The normal decrease in lactase activity was accelerated by LN and HYD injection, with the greatest depression caused by the combination of LN and either HYD or ACTH administration (P less than .05). Glucocorticoid administration to nursing piglets can evoke premature elevation of the carbohydrase enzymes necessary for initiating the hydrolysis of starch.
 ...
PMID:Effect of glucocorticoids and limiting nursing on the carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets. 255 55

There was a significant depression of the activities of intestinal lactase, invertase, and alkaline phosphatase in rats given drinking water containing 2.5 mg of colchicine per 100 ml. Activities of intestinal maltase, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase were not affected by the drug. Injection of colchicine (1 mg/kg) caused depression of intestinal invertase activity within 8 hr. Investigation of the effect of colchicine on the disaccharides in vitro demonstrated that invertase and maltase were not affected by concentrations up to 125 mg/100 ml. Intestinal lactase was inhibited by concentrations exceeding 5 mg/100 ml. Calculation of the concentration of colchicine present in the intestine, after a single injection, indicated that the in vivo effect of colchicine was not due to simple enzyme inhibition. Histological examination showed an increase in crypt cells but no decrease in the length of the villi. Cellular migration along the villi, as well as activity of uridine kinase in intestinal mucosa, was increased in colchicine-treated rats. It was concluded that colchicine did not depress intestinal invertase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase by decreasing cellular renewal, but rather it exerted its effect directly on the differentiated cells of the villus.
 ...
PMID:Effect of colchicine on intestinal disaccharidases: correlation with biochemical aspects of cellular renewal. 541 79

Twenty-two calves between one and 20 days old were infected orally or by contact with cryptosporidia. Calves were maintained as either specific pathogen free, colostrum fed or sucking and were inoculated with either a bacteria free or a contaminated cryptosporidium preparation. Enteritis was characterised by depression, anorexia and diarrhoea and cryptosporidium oocysts were excreted during the clinical course of the illness. In the initial stages of the disease, cryptosporidium infestation was found throughout the small intestine; in the later stage the large intestine was also affected. Villous atrophy and fusion was present at small intestinal sites infected with cryptosporidia and lactase levels were depressed. No lesions were seen in infected large intestinal mucosa. Although the incubation period was longest (five to seven days) in calves infected by contact, there were few differences in the clinical course of disease or the pathological findings between any of the infected calves.
 ...
PMID:Experimental cryptosporidiosis in calves: clinical manifestations and pathological findings. 622 May 9

The present study was performed in order to clarify controversies concerning the effect of thyroxine on lactase activity in young mammals. Lactase activity was determined in suckling rats with two reference systems (protein and DNA) after one and three thyroxine injections (0.2 mg/100 g body weight). In comparison with control animals lactase activity was decreased after thyroxine administration. The thyroxine effect was dosage-dependent: three injections caused a more profound and prolonged depression of lactase activity. In both thyroxine-treated groups lactase activity returned to age-specific normal levels before the low lactase activity of adult rats was attained. The transient thyroxine-induced changes of lactase activity were similar to the reference parameters protein and DNA.
 ...
PMID:Temporary depression of lactase activity by thyroxine in suckling rats. 640 8


1 2 3 Next >>