Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Coping was examined as an intervening variable between the stressor of bereavement and its effects on subjective health and immunity in thirty-nine recently bereaved Norwegian women. Coping was defined as: "positive response outcome expectancies". Data were collected approximately one month after the death of the husband, and twelve months thereafter. Data collected were: expected coping success (self-scoring), subjective health (UHI), anxiety and depression (GWB), and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) with components (C3, C4). Statistics were: frequencies, paired t-test, ANOVA, and MANOVA. Permissions and confidentiality were in accordance with the Helsinki-declaration. Coping was found to be related strongly to health and to health changes. Few relations were found between immunity and health. Coping, health, and anxiety and depression formed a triangle of interrelations. It was concluded that coping defined as "positive response outcome expectancies" may be a predictor of the adaptational outcome after a crisis.
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PMID:Immunity and health after bereavement in relation to coping. 930 55

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mood and hormonal responses to cholinergic challenge with physostigmine in order to assess cholinergic system responsiveness in borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients, other non-BPD personality disorder patients, and normal controls. Thirty-four personality disorder patients, 10 of whom met criteria for BPD and 24 of whom met criteria for other, non-borderline, personality disorders, and 11 normal controls participated in a double blind, placebo controlled physostigmine challenge paradigm. The Profile of Mood States depression subscale (POMS-D) self report measure was obtained at baseline and following the physostigmine or placebo infusions. A repeated measures ANOVA of POMS-D scores in placebo and drug conditions indicated a significantly greater depressive response in the total cohort of personality disorder patients than in the normal comparison group (p < 0.05). However, the depressive response to physostigmine was significantly greater in BPD patients, but not other personality disorder patients, compared to normal controls (p < 0.05). There was a correlation between the peak placebo-corrected depressive response to physostigmine and a group of BPD traits related to affective instability but not a group of BPD traits related to impulsivity. There was no correlation in any group between mood response to physostigmine and changes in plasma cortisol, prolactin, or growth hormone, or to nausea or other side effects following physostigmine infusion. These data suggest that there is an association between BPD and acute depressive responses to physostigmine challenge, and that the cholinergic system may be involved in the regulation of affect in Axis II disorders.
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PMID:Depressive response to physostigmine challenge in borderline personality disorder patients. 932 51

Information processing deficits characteristic of remitted major depression, which may be a vulnerability marker for the disease, were examined from two aspects by means of visual event-related potentials (ERPs) obtained during simple and discriminative response tasks: 1. To clarify the difference in cognitive dysfunction between both depressives and schizophrenics in remission, we compared the ERPs in remitted depressive patients (n = 11) and remitted schizophrenic patients (n = 9) with those of age, and sex-matched controls (n = 10). 2. To clarify the influence of aging on information processing in remitted depression, ERPs in young remitted depressives (20-46 years old, n = 11) were compared with those in older remitted depressives (52-75 years old, n = 11) in contrast to young (n = 10) and older (n = 11) controls. The remitted schizophrenics showed a retardation in NA and N2 latencies and a reduction in P3 amplitude. However, P1 increased in amplitude exclusively in the remitted depressives. The effect of stimulus discrimination on N1 seen in the controls was absent in both patient groups. The results suggest that the remitted depressives had an attentional deficit in early information processing reflected on P1 and N1 potentials, while the remitted schizophrenics had an extensive cognitive dysfunction reflected on N1, NA, N2, and P3 potentials. Although the effect of stimulus discrimination on N1 was absent in both young and older remitted depressive patients, older patients showed no effects of normal aging on ERPs such as P1 increase or N1 increase during discrimination tasks. Significant interaction effects between diagnosis and aging were found by ANOVA only in the laterality of the P1 amplitude. Older remitted depressives showed an unbalanced right-predominance in P1 amplitude. These results suggest that older remitted depressives had the same early information-processing deficit seen in the young remitted depressives as well as an overactivation over the right hemisphere in the attentional mechanism, irrespective of normal aging.
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PMID:[Information processing deficits in depression in terms of event-related potentials: in comparison with schizophrenics and normal controls]. 936 83

To study the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized young women, 60 women between the ages of 16 and 25 were randomly assigned to two sessions of either EMDR or an active listening (AL) control. Factorial ANOVA interaction effects and simple main effects for outcome measure (Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Penn Inventory for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Impact of Event Scale, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale) indicated significant improvement for both groups and significantly greater pre-post change for EMDR-treated participants. Pre-post effect sizes for the EMDR group averaged 1.56 compared to 0.65 for the AL group. Despite treatment brevity, the posttreatment outcome variable means of EMDR-treated participants compared favorably with nonpatient or successfully treated norm groups on all measures.
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PMID:Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. 947 74

The present study proposes a validation of a french translation of the TRQ initially published by Wilson et al., for evaluating the psychological distress of tinnitus sufferers. The 26 items translated into french were used on a sample of 173 tinnitus sufferers, who also filled out the Mini-Mult, a short version of the MMPI proposed by Kincannon. Internal validity was demonstrated by strong correlations (i) between each item (except items 5 and 20) and total TRQ score (0.33 < or = r < or = 0.87, p < or = 0.0001), (ii) between each internal TRQ factor (0.58 < r < 0.81, p < 0.0001) and the others. Cronbach's alpha test also showed the questionnaire to have a good internal validity (alpha = 0.94). The external factors used for testing concurrent validity were the scores on depression, psychaesthenia and anxiety Mini-Mult scales. The strong correlations (one factor ANOVA and simple linear regression tests) between scores on depression and psychaesthenia scales and (1) each TRQ item, (2) each TRQ factor, (3) total TRQ scores, confirmed concurrent validity. Scores obtained on anxiety index showed high correlations only with TRQ score, factor 3 score and some TRQ items (most of them included in factor 3). The internal and concurrent validities of the French version of the TRQ justify the use of this questionnaire, with the reserve that items 5 and 20 appeared irrelevant for the measuring of tinnitus distress in French-speaking countries. Such a questionnaire should improve our knowledge of tinnitus' life-impact and enable detection of patients whose psychological distress necessitates rapid intervention.
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PMID:[Validation of French translation of the "Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire", Wilson et al. 1991]. 948 27

Factors influencing natural history and clinical course of pain in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are largely unknown. Physical, psychological and behavioral data from a population-based epidemiologic study of TMD were examined in 234 cases of persons reporting TMD pain. The cases were assigned to one of five pain pattern groups based on changes in average TMD pain from baseline to 5-year follow-up: (i) remitted (49% of the sample), (ii) high-improvement (14%), (iii) low-improvement (9%), (iv) same (13%), and (v) worse (16%). For each pain change group, an ANOVA-derived pattern analysis was performed to assess whether the pattern of change in each of seven physical and three psychological variables was congruent or dissimilar to the pattern of change in average pain intensity. For none of the physical or psychological variables was the change over time completely congruent with the changes in pain. Changes in ambient average TMD pain were most closely related to those clinical variables whose assessment is influenced by pain or other self-reported symptoms (e.g., number of muscle sites painful to examiner palpation), while the amount of pain change was less closely related to changes in clinical variables, such as joint sounds, where assessment is not dependent on subjective report. The three psychological variables, anxiety, depression, and somatization, displayed similar change patterns, but these patterns were distinctly different from those of the physical variables in that the remitted pain group was at the population mean at baseline for these psychological variables and remained there; significant improvement in psychological status was observed only in the pain group showing high improvement. The other three pain change groups exhibited elevated psychological distress scores at both baseline and 5 years. These results indicate that although the relationships among the course of pain, of physical variables, and of psychological variables are complicated, the 5-year outcome in pain is largely independent of readily discernible changes in clinical signs.
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PMID:Five-year outcomes in TMD: relationship of changes in pain to changes in physical and psychological variables. 1006 79

This study explored the relationship of anxiety and depression with two major symptoms of fibromyalgia, pain and fatigue, among fibromyalgia patients (N = 322). Due to collinearity between anxiety and depression scores, extreme groups were defined according to high versus low anxiety and depression scores. Two-thirds of the initial sample were excluded by this approach, which permitted a two by two factorial split-plot ANOVA for the assessment of main effects and the interaction of anxiety and depression upon pain and fatigue. Results stated independent, additive, effects of anxiety and depression upon levels of pain and fatigue, whereas interaction between anxiety and depression failed to significantly explain symptom differences among the participants. Correlational analyses indicated widespread pain among the low anxiety subgroups. In contrast, widespread pain was not indicated among anxious patients with low scores on depression. The findings support the hypothesis that (1) anxiety and depression are independently associated with severity of pain symptoms in fibromyalgia, and that (2) patients with high anxiety and low depression may communicate to the medical doctor in ways that involve a risk of diagnosing fibromyalgia when the criterion of widespread pain is not supported. These conclusions were confirmed by results from ANCOVAs that permitted more extensive control of collinearity among variables.
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PMID:The role of anxiety and depression in fatigue and patterns of pain among subgroups of fibromyalgia patients. 961 72

We have evaluated the enhancement of cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular block by potent inhalation anaesthetic agents, by constructing dose-effect curves for cisatracurium in 84 patients during anaesthesia with 1.5 MAC (70% nitrous oxide) desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane or total i.v. anaesthesia (TIVA). Acceleromyography (TOF-Guard) and train-of-four (TOF) stimulation of the ulnar nerve were used (2 Hz every 12 s). Cisatracurium was administered in increments of 15 micrograms kg-1 until depression of T1/T0 > 95% was reached. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis (alpha = 0.05, beta = 0.2). Depression of T1/T0 during potent inhalation anaesthesia was enhanced compared with TIVA. ED50 and ED95 values of cisatracurium were 15 (SD 5) and 34 (10) micrograms kg-1 for desflurane; 15 (4) and 32 (7) micrograms kg-1 for sevoflurane; and 15 (5) and 33 (9) micrograms kg-1 for isoflurane. These were significantly lower than the values for TIVA (21 (4) and 51 (13) micrograms kg-1) (P < 0.01 in each case). After equi-effective dosing, times to T1/T0 = 25% were similar in all groups (19 (7), 19 (5), 20 (5) vs 16 (4) min). Recovery index25-75% and time to a TOF ration of 0.70 were prolonged significantly by desflurane and sevoflurane compared with TIVA (18 (5), 19 (8) vs 12 (4) min and 43 (11), 44 (10) vs 35 (5) min, respectively), whereas the difference was not significant for isoflurane (14 (6) and 41 (7) min).
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PMID:Augmentation of the neuromuscular blocking effects of cisatracurium during desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane or total i.v. anaesthesia. 962 29

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of epidural bupivacaine (BUP) and oxymorphone/bupivacaine (O/B) and intravenous (i.v.) oxymorphone (IVO) on halothane requirements during hind end surgery and postoperative analgesia in 24 dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment groups: O/B--oxymorphone (0.1 mg/kg) in 0.75% bupivacaine (1 mg/kg for a total volume of 0.2 ml/kg); BUP--0.5% bupivacaine (1 mg/kg for a total volume of 0.2 ml/kg) with i.v. oxymorphone (0.05 mg/kg) postoperatively; and IVO--oxymorphone (0.05 mg/kg) pre- and postoperatively. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide and halothane, and arterial blood gases were recorded prior to treatment and every 15 minutes thereafter. Once surgery had begun, end-tidal halothane concentrations were decreased as low as possible while still maintaining a stable anesthetic plane. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with P < 0.05 considered significant. End-tidal halothane requirements did not differ significantly among treatments. Respiratory depression was increased and HR was decreased in the O/B and IVO groups. Postoperative analgesic requirements were significantly less in dogs receiving O/B.
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PMID:End tidal halothane concentration and postoperative analgesia requirements in dogs: a comparison between intravenous oxymorphone and epidural bupivacaine alone and in combination with oxymorphone. 963 70

General anesthetics are thought to depress the central nervous system (CNS) by acting at synapses; however, only a few studies have compared effects on axonal conduction with effects on synaptic responses using mammalian CNS preparations. The present study used glutamate receptor antagonists (CNQX/APV) or low calcium to block synaptic transmission, allowing Schaffer-collateral axon fiber volleys to be recorded from rat hippocampal brain slices. Since fiber volleys are compound action potentials, they provide a measure of axonal conduction in Schaffer-collateral fibers. Clinical concentrations of the inhalational anesthetic, halothane (1 rat MAC, 1.2 vol.%), produced an 18 +/- 2.3% depression of fiber volley amplitudes (mean +/- S.D.; p < 0.001 ANOVA, n = 10). Depression of action potential conduction accounted for approximately 30% of the overall depression of synaptic transmission produced by halothane at this concentration. Halothane-induced fiber volley depression occurred with little change in conduction velocity, similar to the effect seen with decreased stimulus intensity, but significantly different from the decreased velocity produced by tetrodotoxin (100 nM, p < 0.005). The results indicate that halothane can depress axonal conduction at clinically relevant concentrations and that this depression could contribute to the CNS depression that is associated with anesthesia.
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PMID:Halothane depresses action potential conduction in hippocampal axons. 968 73


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