Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Platelet serotonin and plasma tryptophan were studied in healthy subjects and in depressed patients before and during their antidepressant drug treatment. Before treatment, mean platelet serotonin level was normal in depressed patients compared with healthy subjects while a significant decrease in patients' plasma TRP was noted (t = 6.0, p < .001). The concentrations of platelet 5-HT level did not correlate with either plasma TRP or with clinical variables, that is, AMDP depression and AMDP anxiety scores. Antidepressant drugs treatment decreased platelet 5-HT level (ANOVA F = 8.27, p < .001) whatever the clinical outcome of the patient, whereas the changes observed in plasma TRP were positively related to the mood state change. These results suggest that platelet serotonin could be a good pharmacological model but has no relevance concerning the mood state.
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PMID:Platelet serotonin and plasma tryptophan in depressed patients: effect of drug treatment and clinical outcome. 791 18

In experimental endolymphatic hydrops (EEH) a decrease in the endocochlear potential (EP) has been reported and is thought to be due to decreased activity of the enzyme Na+/K(+)-ATPase in the stria vascularis. By stimulating Na+/K(+)-ATPase, the EP, and thereby cochlear function as a whole, might be restored. On the other hand, stimulation of stria vascularis Na+/K(+)-ATPase might result in excessive production of endolymph and thus produce or augment hydrops. In this study we have investigated the effect of intraperitoneally applied nimodipine on cochlear potentials and on Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity in the stria vascularis, both in normal cochleas (control) and in cochleas with EEH. Nimodipine is an L-type Ca(2+)-channel blocking agent with Na+/K(+)-ATPase stimulating properties at concentrations as low as 1.5 nM. The compound action potential (CAP), evoked by 2,4 and 8 kHz tone bursts was found to be depressed in the EEH ears with and without nimodipine treatment, and in the nimodipine treated control ears. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that the effects of EEH and nimodipine on the CAP were additive. The negative summating potential (SP), measured extracochlearly at the apex, in response to 4 and 8 kHz tone bursts was significantly enhanced in the EEH ears. Nimodipine treatment did not affect the SP, neither in the control, nor in the EEH ears. Cytochemically, Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity appeared to be decreased in the oedematous stria vascularis of hydropic cochleas. No effect of nimodipine on Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity could be established ultracytochemically, neither in the controls nor in the EEH ears. In the lower turns of some of the nimodipine treated control cochleas a mild hydrops was seen during light-microscopic evaluation. Although it was not possible to prove a stimulatory effect of nimodipine on the enzyme Na+/K(+)-ATPase cytochemically, the finding of mild endolymphatic hydrops in nimodipine treated control ears suggests (a history of) increased endolymph production. This hydrops might be responsible for the depression of the CAP in the nimodipine treated ears.
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PMID:The effect of nimodipine on cochlear potentials and Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity in normal and hydropic cochleas of the albino guinea pig. 792 42

A comparison of teacher-ratings and self-ratings of adolescents' social competency was investigated. One hundred five high school students completed the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS; Reynolds, 1987) and were divided according to their scores into three groups: the lowest quartile [low-depressive symptoms (LDS) group (n = 27)], the highest quartile [high-depressive symptoms (HDS) group (n = 28)], and the remainder. Students also rated themselves and were rated by their teachers on a social competency scale. A 2 (High- and Low-Depressive Groups) x 2 (Teacher-Ratings and Self-Ratings) ANOVA was conducted using social competency rating scores as the dependent variable. The two main effects were significant (p < .01). Adolescents with low-depressive symptoms rated themselves and were rated by their teachers as more socially competent than adolescents with high-depressive symptoms; additionally, self-ratings of social competency were higher than teacher-ratings. Results are discussed in the context of an adolescent optimistic bias or a teacher pessimistic bias.
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PMID:Teacher-ratings and self-ratings of social competency in adolescents with low- and high-depressive symptoms. 796 79

This paper discusses the problem whether burnout is an evidence of a psychological distress subsequently resulting in a clear psychiatric disorder or can be deemed an already well-defined psychiatric syndrome. The aim of this study was: 1) To assess the frequency of psychological distress in two groups of subjects at high risk for burnout; such perceived psychological distress was self-rated as anxiety, depression or impulse dyscontrol by the subjects. 2) To evaluate whether subjects reporting anxiety, depression or impulse dyscontrol showed an higher emotional and mental exhaustion (EME); EME was intended as a marker of burnout. 3) To investigate relationships between self-reported psychoactive drug use or psychosomatic disorders and levels of EME score. 109 air traffic controllers (ATC) and 88 health service professionals (HSP) were given a questionnaire, the Rome burnout inventory (RBI) developed as an easy-to-administer, easy-to-complete self-rating tool to be filled out during breaks in working environments. RBI assessed: a) EME; b) physical exhaustion; c) social support by components of the social network; d) work- and non-work-related stressors; e) self-reported psychosomatic disorders and perceived psychological distress in terms of anxiety, depression, impulse dyscontrol; f) psychoactive drug use. EME was positively related to years in office and was higher in ATC independently from the different seniority between professional groups. By using a factorial ANOVA, subjects with self-reported psychological distress (anxiety, depression, impulse dyscontrol) showed higher levels of the EME score although these levels were not higher in individuals reporting psychoactive drug intake. These findings were the same in both the professional groups. Psychosomatic disorders were significantly more frequent in ATC (chi 2 with Yates' correction); this is likely to be due to an higher overall level of EME score in ATC but ATC and HSP with self-reported psychosomatic disorders did not show higher levels of EME score. There was a different way to refer to perceived psychological distress in the two professional groups. ATC mainly emphasized the role of impulse dyscontrol as a way to express the subjective feelings of an augmenting distress. Otherwise, HSP seemed to stress depression as the proper descriptor of their own psychological distress.
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PMID:[Mental distress, psychoactive drug use and psychosomatic disorders in two groups of subjects at high risk for the burnout syndrome]. 796 12

An ambulatory multimodal cognitive-behavioural treatment programme (MMCBT) for Swedish workers with chronic spinal pain was formally evaluated. The design was a matched cohort study with three repeated measures done in two groups of 35 referred patients (one exposed to MMCBT and controls exposed to usual care). The MMCBT package includes standardised modules of physical treatment, cognitive-behavioural treatment, education of worker patients, and education of subjects' supervisors. The primary outcome variables assessed were absenteeism, disability, pain, and depression. Because of a change in Swedish sick leave compensation laws affecting records of absence during the study period, absenteeism could not be reliably measured among controls. The trend, however, suggested a reduction of absenteeism among the subjects in the MMCBT cohort. The findings for disability, pain, and depression all showed clinically important and significant beneficial changes (ANOVA for repeated measures: disability p = 0.05; pain p = 0.001; depression p = 0.01). The direction of the improvements and the size of effect were coherent and clinically plausible. The benefits were only among the women in the study. These comprised 74% of each group. Further research on larger sample sizes and in cohorts more representative of the whole country are needed to confirm these encouraging findings and to explore how the benefits might be extended to men.
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PMID:Cognitive-behavioural treatment for workers with chronic spinal pain: a matched and controlled cohort study in Sweden. 813 Aug 41

Interactive effects between exogenous dopamine (DA) and isoflurane (I) combined with thoracic epidural blockade (TEA) were studied in dogs during chloralose anesthesia. The I-TEA intervention per se decreased heart rate (HR; 28%), mean arterial pressure (MAP; 63%), cardiac output (CO; 54%), left ventricular dP/dt (LVdP/dt; 75%) and LVdP/dt/systolic arterial pressure (SAP; 42%). Prior to the I-TEA intervention, dopamine increased MAP, CO, LVdP/dt, LVdP/dt/SAP and stroke volume (SV) already at the dose 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 and, additionally, increased mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) at the dose 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. During the I-TEA intervention, the DA-induced increases in MAP and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were significantly higher than prior to I-TEA, as indicated by significant ANOVA interactive effects. At the dose 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, DA restored MAP, CO, LVdP/dt, LVdP/dt/SAP and SV to levels found before the I-TEA intervention, while HR was restored first at the dose 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. At the dose 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, DA also increased MAP (39%), LVdP/dt (119%), LVdP/dt/SAP (73%), SVR (28%) and MPAP (70%) above levels prior to I-TEA. To conclude, exogenous dopamine effectively and dose-dependently counters cardiovascular depression induced by the anesthetic technique of combining I and TEA. The pressor and systemic vasoconstrictor actions of dopamine are potentiated by conjoint administration of I and TEA.
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PMID:Cardiovascular depression by isoflurane and concomitant thoracic epidural anesthesia is reversed by dopamine. 817 48

Abnormalities of the noradrenergic system have been documented in the central nervous system of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). To evaluate the autonomic sympathetic system in DAT, we measured lying and standing blood pressure (BP), pulse, and plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in 60 DAT patients (mean age +/- SD = 65 +/- 8 years), and 20 normal elderly controls. DAT patients had normal baseline findings (BP, pulse, NE, and E). Upon standing, plasma NE and E significantly increased in both DAT patients and controls, without group differences. However, the systolic BP response to standing was reduced in DAT patients compared with the normal controls (repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.01). This impaired response of the systolic BP on standing was particularly evident in DAT patients with symptoms of depression. Severely impaired DAT patients did not differ in E, NE, BP, pulse, or in orthostatic changes from mild-to-moderately impaired patients. These results suggest that the sympathetic response to the stress of standing is functionally impaired in DAT. This deficit was especially evident when DAT was accompanied by depression, consistent with prior studies in non-demented depressed patients.
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PMID:Autonomic dysfunction in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. 826 27

This study examines the impact of social support on whether Israeli women experience negative emotional consequences after an abortion and determines what factors influence pre-abortion distress. The study sample includes 77 women, who are planning an abortion, and 32 women who are in their 40th week of pregnancy. 45 nonpregnant women are the controls. Women are recruited from an urban hospital. 77 women are participants in the pre-test, but only 17 agree to the post-abortion testing. The assumption is that personal and contextual factors are key to emotional adjustment. These factors include the stage in the life cycle, trait anxiety (Spielberger et al. and Lubin tests), contextual factors (ethnicity and religiosity), and private context (Olson, Portner, and Lavee's Family Adaptability Cohesion scale). The highest levels of anxiety states, anxiety traits, and depression are among women pre-abortion. ANOVA differences between the three groups are statistically significantly different. Personality differences are outruled as a reason for group differences. Post-abortion persons are found to have a significant decline in emotional distress and, surprisingly, lower anxiety trait levels. Couple perception measures of cohesion and adaptability also change significantly post-abortion. Marital status is the only significant factor related to distress. Unmarried women have higher levels of anxiety state and depression. High anxiety trait women experience higher levels of anxiety states and depression that low anxiety trait women. Women with high levels of cohesion have higher depression levels than women with a balanced level of cohesion with husbands. The interaction between anxiety traits and adaptability have an influence on depression and depression states only in the extreme adaptability relationship. The lowest levels of anxiety and depression are reported by women with low anxiety trait and extreme couple relationships. The quality of the couple relationship appears to be the most important factor in determining the stress level of pre-abortion married women. Israeli women follow the typical pattern of elevated emotional distress and discomfort in couple relationships pre-abortion and reduced levels post-abortion.
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PMID:Emotional distress in Israeli women before and after abortion. 848 32

We sought to determine the influence of nitrous oxide on the compromised heart during propofol anesthesia. This study investigated the cardiovascular effects of the combination propofol and nitrous oxide (N2O). Seven beagles were monitored to measure global and regional left ventricular function. Recordings both before and after critical constriction (CC) of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) were performed after propofol, 300 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, and 10 min after exposure to and discontinuation of 67% N2O. Data were analyzed with ANOVA for repeated measures at 95% confidence level. In the absence of CC, N2O caused moderate, reversible hemodynamic depression (LVdP/dtmax, -13.8%; cardiac output, -17.2%; LAD coronary blood flow, -10.9%) and no regional dysfunction. After CC global hemodynamic depression was of similar magnitude (LVdP/dtmax, -19.9%; cardiac output, -9.2%; stroke volume, -9.2%) but did not recover completely. Systolic shortening in the compromised area decreased (-30.3%) and postsystolic shortening developed to represent 20.3% of total shortening. Despite only moderate hemodynamic depression, 67% N2O causes substantial regional dysfunction in compromised myocardium when added to propofol.
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PMID:Nitrous oxide causes myocardial ischemia when added to propofol in the compromised canine myocardium. 849 72

A continuous fentanyl infusion was administered to eight adult, male beagle dogs for a duration of approximately 400 min at a rate of 30 micrograms/kg/h. The extent of respiratory depression was quantified by continuous, noninvasive, transcutaneous pCO2 recordings. Upon reaching a pseudosteady-state of respiratory depression at approximately 120 min of fentanyl infusion, the animals then received, in a 2 x 2 crossover fashion separated by approximately 3 weeks, 30-minute equiefficacious infusions of nalmefene (12 micrograms/kg/h) or naloxone (48 micrograms/kg/h). Multiple venous blood samples were taken throughout the dosing regimen, and the resulting fentanyl, nalmefene, or naloxone plasma concentrations were determined. The concentration-time data were analyzed by noncompartmental methods and subsequently linked to the pharmacodynamic effect data by a competitive antagonism link model. Separately, the biophase concentrations were linked to the plasma concentration-time profiles through a single-exponential conduction function. The various pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters resulting from this semiparametric analysis were analyzed by ANOVA, using a statistical model that considers carryover effects. The results of these analyses indicate that several pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of the two antagonists were comparable. However, nalmefene had a significantly more protracted terminal disposition and a significantly greater persistency in the biophase evaluated over the experimental time frame from 0 to 450 min.
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PMID:Duration of opioid antagonism by nalmefene and naloxone in the dog: an integrated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic comparison. 853 89


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