Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rapid sequence induction is necessary in emergency surgical operations to lessen the chance of aspiration of stomach contents. Succinylcholine usually is the relaxant of choice, because of its rapid onset. However, succinylcholine has side effects which may result in potentially life-threatening conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare two short-acting non-depolarizing muscle relaxants-vecuronium and atracurium, using the priming principle, with a depolarizing muscle relaxant, succinylcholine. The comparison may determine if a more suitable method for rapid sequence induction can be identified. Conditions at intubation and at the time to 80-90% neuromuscular blockade were evaluated. Subjects were intubated when the train of four revealed an 80-90% twitch depression. In Group I, the control group using succinylcholine, the mean time to 80-90% neuromuscular block was 74.8 seconds. In Group II subjects, who had received vecuronium, the mean time was 149.4 seconds. Subject in Group III, who received atracurium, had a mean time of 163.7 seconds. There was statistical significance within all three groups (ANOVA, p less than 0.01). Group I subjects showed a significantly faster time to 80-90% neuromuscular block when compared with subjects in Group II and III, but no difference in the time to 80-90% block was revealed between Group II and Group III subjects. Conditions for intubation at 80-90% neuromuscular blockade were the same for all three groups. It was concluded that the administration of vecuronium and atracurium using the priming principle did not allow onset times similar to succinylcholine and that the intubating conditions were similar among all three groups at 80-90% neuromuscular blockade.
 ...
PMID:A comparison study of vecuronium bromide and atracurium besylate for rapid sequence induction. 256 15

The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to daily activities of post myocardial infarction patients. Data were collected from Aug. 1 to Aug. 31, 1988 through an interview schedule lasting for about 30-60 minutes by the investigators. Tools for this study were a daily activities scale and a subjective physical symptom scale developed by the researchers, and Zung's self rating depression scale. The subjects were 45 men 18 women post myocardial infarction patients who were receiving follow up care at SNU Hospital. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson moment Correlation Coefficient test, and Cronbach's a reliability test. The results were as follows. 1. Reliability of the daily activities scale was 0.91 by Cronbach's a. In the daily activities scale, items about transfer, exercise, and job related activities were most highly rated as meaningful to the post myocardial infarction patients. 2. The average daily activities score of these patients was 3.30 (maximum point:4) all scores were high except for exercise and job related activities. 3. There was a significant difference in daily activities according to sex; men had a higher daily activities score than women (T=2.32, P less than 0.05). 4. There was a significant difference in daily activities according to job status. Subjects having a job had a higher daily activities score. 5. The lower the depression score, the higher the daily activities score (gamma=-0.5748, P less than 0.05). 6. The lower the subjective physical symptoms score, the higher the daily activities score (gamma=-0.6015, P less than 0.05).
 ...
PMID:[A study on factors related to daily activities of post myocardial infarction patients]. 273 31

A number of authors have questioned the rationale for subdividing the DSM-II schizoid diagnosis into three separate personality disorders in DSM-III, the schizoid, avoidant, and schizotypal. The present study was designed to explore differences between psychiatric patients with schizoid and avoidant personalities as compared to psychiatric controls with no personality disorder. Differences were examined on demographic data, self-report measures, and clinical information. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed a significant overall effect for groups across MMPI subscales. However, subsequent univariate Analyses of Variance (ANOVA's) revealed that almost all differences were between the two personality disorder groups as compared to the psychiatric controls. Contrary to expectations, schizoid and avoidant personalities were found to display equivalent levels of anxiety, depression, and psychotic tendencies as compared to psychiatric control patients. No meaningful distinctions were found between the avoidant and the schizoid personalities. Results are discussed in terms of problems with the assessment methods and the diagnostic criteria.
 ...
PMID:Differentiation between schizoid and avoidant personalities: an empirical test. 237 58

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the energy metabolism of an experimental rodent sarcoma was selectively depressed by the combination of inhibition of glycolysis and respiration. In vivo phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor the response of tumor or brain high-energy phosphate compounds to insulin hypoglycemia, rhodamine 123, or both agents in fasting rats with subcutaneous methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. Insulin or rhodamine 123 alone produced a similar 50% to 60% reduction in tumor adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration compared with controls injected with saline solution (p less than 0.05, one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]). The combination of insulin plus rhodamine 123 resulted in a 90% reduction of tumor ATP concentration, which was significantly different from the effect of either agent alone (p less than 0.05, one-way ANOVA). Brain phosphocreatine and ATP concentrations were unchanged by these agents. Administration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/glycerol, the vehicle for rhodamine, produced a 35% reduction of tumor ATP, which was similar to the effect of insulin alone but significantly different from rhodamine. The combination of DMSO/glycerol plus insulin hypoglycemia resulted in a 70% reduction in tumor ATP, which was significantly elevated compared with the combination of rhodamine plus insulin. Glucose deprivation induced by insulin, and combined with the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, produces an additive depression of tumor energetics. The drug vehicle DMSO/glycerol significantly depresses tumor energy metabolism, presumably because of its DMSO component, which may explain the previously reported antineoplastic efficacy of this solvent. Combinations of inhibitors directed at different points of tumor metabolism produced an enhanced depression of tumor energetics, whereas host tissue was protected.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of tumor high-energy phosphate metabolism by insulin combined with rhodamine 123. 304 41

Twelve male swimmers were studied psychologically before, during, and after 10 d of increased training. Daily training distance was increased from 4,000 to 9,000 m.d-1, and intensity was maintained at 94% of VO2max. Three of the swimmers were unable to tolerate the increased training load, and they did the same distance at slower speeds. Swimmers completed the Profile of Mood States, a muscle soreness scale, and a 24-h history each morning prior to the first of two daily training sessions. Changes across days were evaluated statistically with a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Significant (P less than 0.005) increases occurred in the ratings of exercise intensity, muscle soreness, depression, anger, fatigue, and global mood disturbance, along with a reduction in general sense of well-being. Swimmers were classified as "responders" or "non-responders" on the basis of distress patterns using separate physiological and psychological criteria, and these classifications were performed in a double-blind setting. Close agreement (89%) was achieved between the psychometric and physiological judgments, and the physiological results appear in related papers. It is concluded that significant psychometric changes occur with an intense 10-d training regimen, and these alterations resemble those observed in swimmers exposed to increased training across several months. These findings underscore the potential utility of monitoring mood states in the prevention of staleness.
 ...
PMID:Mood disturbance following increased training in swimmers. 317 50

Although myocardial revascularization relieves anginal symptoms, the effect on ventricular function remains controversial. Sixty-six patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery with normal right and left ventricular function were studied 1 month preoperatively (PRE), 3-5 hours perioperatively (PERI) and 3-5 months postoperatively (POST). Nuclear ventriculograms were employed to calculate right and left ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF, LVEF), end diastolic volume indices (RVEDVI, LVEDVI) and end systolic volume indices (RVESVI, LVESVI). Cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI) and an approximation of left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) were also calculated from the scintigraphic data. Right and left ventricular ejection fractions were lower perioperatively (PRE:RVEF 37 +/- 2.5, LVEF 61 +/- 3; PERI:RVEF 32 +/- 3, LVEF 51 +/- 4; POST:RVEF 35 +/- 3, LVEF 56 +/- 4%, p less than 0.01 by analysis of variance, ANOVA) despite lower end diastolic volume indices perioperatively, (p less than 0.05 by ANOVA). The ratio of systolic blood pressure to LVESVI was significantly lower PERI than PRE or POST, (p less than 0.01 by ANOVA). SI, LVSWI, LVEF and RVEF were lower perioperatively at any level of LVEDVI or RVEDVI (p less than 0.01 by paired analyses of covariance), suggesting transient depression of right and left ventricular performance perioperatively. Right ventricular recovery was incomplete 4 months postoperatively. The patients were able to exercise longer at higher workloads postoperatively (p less than 0.01 by ANOVA). Chest pain resulted in discontinuation of exercise in 57% of patients PRE but only 5% POST (p less than 0.01), even though all patients were receiving full medical therapy preoperatively and no therapy postoperatively. Myocardial revascularization provided symptomatic relief and increased work capacity. However, right and left ventricular function were transiently depressed in the early perioperative period.
 ...
PMID:Transient biventricular dysfunction following coronary bypass surgery with potassium cardioplegia. 349 45

Fourteen Alzheimer subjects participated in a parallel group study of desamino-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP, desmopressin). All subjects received one week of single-blind placebo. Then on a double-blind basis, the active group received DDAVP intranasally in doses starting at 30 micrograms per day and increasing over a 3 week period to 180 micrograms per day; the control group received an identical placebo. Using a repeated measures ANOVA, three measures out of thirty-one were found to be statistically significant for DDAVP treatment: the Hamilton depression scale and the affect and interpersonal subscales of the SCAG. However, the magnitude of these changes was probably too small to be clinically significant. Except for one subject who transiently became hyponatremic (Na of 120) and confused while receiving 180 micrograms of DDAVP, there were no adverse effects. There were no significant group changes in sodium, potassium, plasma osmolality, blood pressure, and weight.
 ...
PMID:Desamino-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP) in Alzheimer's disease. 352 91

Because of the methodologic differences and limited data, the sensitivity and specificity of the dexamethasone suppression test in children are in question. In our study we used 0.5 mg of dexamethasone and a 4 p.m. cortisol sample to perform the DST on 32 hospitalized prepubertal children diagnosed by a structured interview (DICA) and DSM-III criteria. Cortisols differed significantly by ANOVA among principal diagnoses, with highest values in children with major depression (MDE) or separation anxiety (SAD) and lowest in those with behavior disorders (BD). Using 5.0 micrograms/dl as a cutoff value for positive DST, MDE and SAD are positively and BD negatively associated with positive DST results. Rating scales for anxiety and depression showed no significant association with cortisol level. We conclude that the DST in this sample shows excellent sensitivity but its specificity is limited to distinguishing depressed or anxious children from those with pure behavior disorder.
 ...
PMID:Depression, anxiety and the dexamethasone suppression test in hospitalized prepubertal children. 365 43

To assess the effects of age on the left ventricular function at rest and during exercise in patients with first recent myocardial infarction, a symptom-limited exercise test was performed in 470 patients within 2 months from the acute episode, in supine position during hemodynamic and electrocardiographic monitoring after drug interruption and wash-out period. According to the age, the patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (less than or equal to 40 years) 68 patients; group 2 (41-59 years) 319 patients and group 3 (greater than or equal to 60 years) 83 patients. Coronary angiography was performed within 6 months in 159 patients. The possible differences in the hemodynamic pattern of these groups were analyzed with ANOVA and chi 2 test. Pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure and cardiac output of each patient were compared to the normal values obtained in different age groups. The normal limits adopted are reported. At rest cardiac output and stroke volume were significantly lower and the rate pressure product higher in patients of group 3. Maximal work load was significantly lower (62 +/- 26 watts p less than .05) and pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure higher (27 +/- 7 mmHg, p less than .05) in group 3 as compared to groups 2 (78 +/- 29 watts, 23 +/- 8 mmHg) and 1 (94 +/- 28 watts, 19 +/- 9 mmHg). However using different normal limits according to age (less than or equal to 20 mmHg in patients less than or equal to 60 years and less than or equal to 25 mmHg in patients greater than 60 years) the number of patients with an abnormal increase of pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure was similar in all groups: 39.7%, 60.6% and 50.6% (NS) in group 1, 2 and 3 respectively. On the contrary cardiac output was abnormally low during exercise in 16.8% of group 3 vs 5.6% and 5.8% of groups 2 and 1 (p less than .05). The greater hemodynamic impairment of group 3 was independent from the electrocardiographic size of necrosis, from ST-segment depression during exercise and from the number of involved coronary vessels. In conclusion, age seems to play a significant role in determining the hemodynamic pattern in patients with recent myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:[The influence of age on left ventricular function in patients with recent myocardial infarct]. 383 97

This study illustrated the relationship between swimming, an aerobic activity, and mood. One hundred college students, voluntarily enrolled in beginning or intermediate swimming classes or in lecture-control classes, completed the POMS before and after class. Results of a 5-way ANOVA confirmed that, as predicted, swimmers reported significantly less tension, depression, anger, confusion, and more vigor after exercising than before. Both novice and intermediate swimmers changed significantly more than did controls on all scales except fatigue, while none of the controls' pre-, post-instruction mood changes were significant. The results have implications, similar to those with running, for use in psychotherapy. Despite different social connotations of exercise for women and men, there were no gender differences in the amount of mood change associated with swimming. However, in direct contradiction of existing literature, the women reported significantly less tension-anxiety, depression, anger, and confusion than the men.
 ...
PMID:Mood alteration with swimming--swimmers really do "feel better". 663 5


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>