Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High-speed memory scanning (Sternberg paradigm) was tested in a collective of 20 parkinsonian patients (10 newly diagnosed, untreated patients, duration of the disease 0.5-3.8, mean 1.5 years; 10 levodopa-treated patients, duration of the disease 4.2 to 11, mean 7.6 years). The levodopa-treated patients stopped taking levodopa before the test. There was a tendency towards retarded memory scanning in the patients' collective compared with 20 healthy controls with similar ages and verbal IQs (p = 0.076, Mann-Whitney U test). The mental slowing correlated significantly with bradykinesia and the sum-score of the Columbia University Parkinson Rating Scale (p = 0.021 and 0.019; Spearman rank correlation). Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA revealed a significant mental slowing in the subgroup of patients with Parkinson's disease for greater than 4 years compared with the newly diagnosed patients and the controls (H = 8.54; p = 0.019 and 0.006, Mann-Whitney U test). The findings suggest a mental slowing in Parkinson's disease, which is associated with the progression of parkinsonian motor symptoms and not with depression.
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PMID:Slowing of high-speed memory scanning in Parkinson's disease is related to the severity of parkinsonian motor symptoms. 196 55

A depression in autoantibody titers to tooth root antigens has been shown to coincide with active root resorption in the dog. Since a murine model would facilitate immunologic studies of root resorption because of the availability of syngeneic and immunodeficient strains, the objectives of this study were to develop a quantitative mouse model for root resorption and to determine if a similar drop in tooth root autoantibodies coincides with active root resorption in this species. Uniform areas of necrosis were created in the periodontal ligaments of lower incisors of 36 male Swiss albino mice by inserting a cryoprobe through a skin incision (-80 degrees C; 5 minutes). Contralateral incisors served as controls. At 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days; six mice were killed, and blood and incisors were collected. Relative surface areas of root resorption were quantified with micrographs taken at a standardized position, tilt, and magnification with a scanning electron microscope. Serum autoantibody titers were determined with an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay with antigen prepared from a 5 mol/L guanidine-HCl-EDTA (pH 5.0) extract of incisor roots that were harvested from syngeneic mice. ANOVA and the paired Student t test were used to compare data at the various time points. No root resorption was evident on control teeth. Localized lesions on treated teeth were found to be of significant size between 7 and 14 days (p less than 0.05), but most of these erupted into the mouth by 21 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Humoral immune response to active root resorption with a murine model. 223 45

It has been suggested recently that the therapeutic effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be mediated in part through stimulation of pineal melatonin secretion. If melatonin does mediate the antidepressant effects of ECT and depression itself is associated in some patients with reduced melatonin secretion, patients with reduced melatonin secretion could respond less readily to ECT. There is evidence to suggest an inverse relationship between melatonin secretion and the degree of pineal calcification. Specifically, heavy pineal calcifications in animals have been reported to be associated with reduced plasma melatonin levels. In this study, an investigation was conducted to establish more precisely the relationship between the clinical response to ECT in 17 bipolar patients and the degrees of pineal calcification present on CT scan. There was a significant association between ECT nonresponsiveness and the presence of pathologically enlarged pineal calcification (i.e., greater than 1 cm in diameter) (p.01). In addition, there was a significant difference in ECT responsiveness in patients without pineal calcification compared to those with pathologically enlarged pineal calcification (F = 6.10; p = .01, one-way ANOVA). These findings indicate an association between enlarged pineal calcification and ECT nonresponsiveness and suggest that reduced melatonin secretion may be associated with ECT nonresponsiveness. An enlarged pineal calcification could be a useful radiological marker of ECT nonresponsiveness and administration of melatonin precursors (i.e., L-tryptophan; 5-HTP) and its cofactors (i.e., pyridoxine, folate) as well as melatonin-release enhancing agents (i.e., 5-methoxypsoralen) prior to ECT might augment its antidepressant effects in bipolar patients.
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PMID:The relationship between ECT nonresponsiveness and calcification of the pineal gland in bipolar patients. 226 80

Recent studies have suggested that bipolar patients may be at high risk for developing tardive dyskinesia (TD) if exposed to chronic neuroleptic therapy. It has been suggested that reduced melatonin secretion may favor the development of TD in bipolar and schizoaffective patients. Since pinealectomized rats have been reported to develop increased incidence and severity of abnormal chewing movements, and as depression is associated with reduced melatonin secretion, the increased risk of TD in bipolar patients may be associated with diminished melatonin secretion. Evidence suggestive of an inverse correlation between pineal calcification and reduced melatonin secretion, led me to study the relationship between pineal calcification on CT scan and the severity of axial (truncal) and limb and orofacial dyskinesias in bipolar patients with TD. The incidence of pathologically enlarged pineal calcifications (i.e., greater than 1 cm in diameter) in the bipolar patients was 25 times greater than the reported incidence in the literature among nonpsychiatric patients. In addition, there was a significant difference in scores of axial dyskinesias between patients with pineal calcification of less than 1 cm in diameter compared to those with pineal calcification of greater than 1 cm in diameter (F = 3.24; p = .04, one-way ANOVA). There was no significant association between scores of limb and orofacial dyskinesias and pineal calcification. These findings suggest a meaningful association between the presence of enlarged pineal calcification, and axial dyskinesias in bipolar patients. Further studies using direct plasma melatonin measurements are required to more precisely define the association between TD and melatonin secretion in bipolar patients.
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PMID:The relationship of pineal calcification to subtypes of tardive dyskinesia in bipolar patients. 226 81

Nurses are continually promoting health and healthy lifestyles. This contribution requires that nurses understand client values and priorities. Traditionally, women have had responsibility for their own and their families' health. Nurses must recognize and understand the complex influences shaping the value women place on health. The literature indicates that women want to participate actively in their own health care by assuming more responsibility for their health and well-being. This research evolved as a result of nursing student and faculty interactions with mothers of pre-school children enrolled in a Headstart program. During these experiences, observations related to the needs of the mothers included poor health practices (smoking, being overweight), lack of motivation, statements of feeling depressed, difficulty making decisions, feelings of being overwhelmed by parenting demands, powerlessness, and disenfranchisement. This descriptive, correlational study was designed to determine the value of health, incidence of depression, and characteristics of self-esteem among low-income mothers of pre-school children. This sample of convenience was comprised of 133 low-income mothers who responded to a mailed survey. Three instruments were used in the study: the Wallston and Wallston Health Values Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Data were analyzed by collection of frequency of response, which was then converted to a percentage. To determine if differences existed in respect to demographic variables, ANOVA (self-esteem and depression) and Chi Square (health) measures were used. Participation in activities outside the home accounted for a significant difference in self-esteem. Mothers involved in activities reported higher self-esteem. The findings suggest that participation in activities may increase self-esteem and lower depression. Over three-quarters (85%) of mothers placed a high value on health. Based on their high valuing of health and the potential for increasing self-esteem through activity, it can be concluded that the women in this sample will benefit from planned health activities. It is also anticipated that, because of the strong relationship between self-esteem and depression, women who participate in these activities will demonstrate lower levels of depression.
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PMID:Value of health, incidence of depression, and level of self-esteem in low-income mothers of pre-school children. 227 53

This study examined the possible mediating effects of hardiness and Type A behavior on the relationship between stressful life events and physical and psychological well-being in a Japanese male sample (N = 78). The ANOVA showed the main effects of hardiness on both physical symptoms and depression. It is indicated that hardiness protects individuals from both physical symptoms and depression. There was a significant stressful life events x Type A interaction, indicating that the Type As tended to possess physical symptoms even when stressful life events decreased. No three-way interaction among hardiness, Type A behavior, and stressful life events was found. The results suggested that hardiness and Type A were independently related to physical and psychological well-being. Implications for the influence of Japanese culture on hardiness and Type A behavior are discussed.
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PMID:Hardiness, type A behavior, and physical symptoms in a Japanese sample. 229 91

The purpose of this study was to explore who in the network provided what type of support in relation to psychosocial adjustment for women experiencing chronic illness. The Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire was administered to 125 chronically ill women, along with measures of depression (CES-D), family illness demands (Demands of Illness Inventory), marital quality (Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale), and family functioning (FACES-II). Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to examine the average amount of support from four main sources: partner, family, friends, and others. Women perceived more support from the partner than from any other source. Family members provided more affective support than friends or others. Friends provided more affirmation than family or others. After the partner, women reported confiding about their illness more to health care providers, counselors, or religious personnel than family or friends. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed for the amount of support from each source and the measures of individual, dyadic, or family adjustment. In general, affect, affirmation, and reciprocity from both the partner and family were associated with less depression, higher marital quality, and better family functioning.
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PMID:Social support for women during chronic illness: the relationship among sources and types to adjustment. 234 56

The purposes of this study are to delineate a profile of the state of a stroke patient's adaptation at 3 months after hospitalization and to explore the relationship between the level of adaptation and the variables which influence the adaptation of hemiplegic patients. To these ends, theoretical framework was derived basically from the stress adaptation model. The basic assumption underlying the level of adaptation is influenced by the presenting focal, contextual and residual stimuli. This group of stimuli is further operationalized and represented by a perception of stress, which is the perceived effect of the disability and by the mediating variables such as sociodemographic factors as an external conditioning variables and perceived social support and hardiness personality characteristics as an internal intervening variables. The dependent variables in this study is the level of physical, psychological and social adaptation and is hypothesized to be a function of the interaction between 3 sets of variables namely, the perceived disability effect, external conditioning variables and internal intervening variables. A total of fourty three subjects from 3 general hospitals in Seoul were observed and interviewed with the aid of 7 structured instruments. The data were collected twice on each subject: first, at the pre-discharge period and at 3 months post-discharge from hospital for the second time. The study was carried out for the period from February to August, 1988. The instruments used for the study include 4 existing scales and 3 scales developed by the researcher for this study. They are: 1) The ADL dependency scale and the scale of the clinical physical functions for the assessment of physical adaptation. 2) the SDS (self report of depression) to measure the level of psychological adaptation. 3) The scale for the amount of social activities for the measurement of the level of social adaptation. 4) The scale for the perceived effect of disability for the measurement of the focal stimuli. 5) The health related hardiness scale and the perceived interpersonal support self evaluation list (ISEL) for the measurement of the hardiness personality character and the perceived social support. The data obtained were analyzed using percentage, one way ANOVA, Pearson coefficients correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The findings provide valuable information about the present level of physical adaptation at 3 months after discharge. The patient revealed a decreased ADL dependency and lowered limitation of physical function as compared with pre-discharge state. Psychologically, the average degree of depression at follow up was within normal range of depression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A study of factors influencing the state of adaptation of hemiplegic patients]. 236 4

Because the clinical actions of psychotherapeutic agents can be influenced by their pharmacokinetics, we investigated plasma tranylcypromine in relation to treatment outcome in 26 patients with bipolar depression. After oral administration of a tranylcypromine dose, plasma drug levels were measured hourly from 5-8 hours (N = 16) or 0-8 hours (N = 10) postdose, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Depressive symptoms were rated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and subjects were categorized as responders, partial responders, or nonresponders, based on end-pair ratings. Twelve subjects were responders, seven were partial responders, and seven were nonresponders (mean scores = 3.2, 13.1, and 24.9, respectively); pretreatment HAM-D scores did not differ among the three groups. Tranylcypromine elimination (t1/2) was unrelated to clinical outcome. However, plasma tranylcypromine measured 5 hours postdose (5hTCP) was correlated with the end-pair HAM-D scores (r = 0.48, p less than 0.015) and was significantly higher in nonresponders than in responders (ANOVA, F = 4.7, p less than 0.02; Newman-Keuls test, p less than 0.05). For subjects who were studied from 0-8 hours postdose, the time to peak absorption (Tpeak), the area under the plasma tranylcypromine-versus-time curve, and the volume of distribution (Vd) were determined. Two subjects having delayed (3-4 hours) Tpeak also manifested elevated mean 5hTCP (63.9 vs. 34.1 ng/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Plasma tranylcypromine: relationship to pharmacokinetic variables and clinical antidepressant actions. 237 18

Well trained subjects (N = 12) were studied before and after losing approximately 6% of body weight to determine whether physical performance could be maintained while consuming a hypocaloric, high percentage carbohydrate diet. During a 4-d period of weight loss, subjects were randomly assigned to a high carbohydrate (HC) or low carbohydrate (LC) diet. A crossover design was used; subjects were measured before (PRE) and after (POST) weight loss on both diets for a 6-min bout of high intensity arm cranking, weight, skinfold thickness, and profile of mood states (POMS). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and glycerol concentrations were analyzed for resting blood samples, while lactate, pH, and base excess were analyzed for blood samples drawn at rest and 1, 3, and 5 min after arm cranking. A three-way ANOVA of sprint work revealed a weight loss effect, a diet by weight loss interaction, and an order by diet by weight loss interaction (P less than 0.05). Total sprint work (mean +/- SE) PRE and POST HC was 37.7 +/- 2.1 kJ and 37.4 +/- 2.2 kJ, respectively. Sprint work was higher for PRE LC vs POST LC, with mean values of 37.4 +/- 2.1 kJ and 34.4 +/- 2.2 kJ, respectively. Post-arm cranking lactate was significantly higher PRE compared to POST for both HC and LC. Post-exercise blood pH was lower (P less than 0.05) at PRE vs POST, with no diet effect. Regardless of the diet, POMS variables tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion were significantly elevated from PRE to POST; vigor was significantly lower.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Weight loss, dietary carbohydrate modifications, and high intensity, physical performance. 240 6


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