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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of regular exercise on cognitive functioning and personality was investigated in 32 subjects representing 4 discrete groups based on sex and age. Before and after a 10 week exercise programme of jogging, calisthenics, and recreational activities, a test battery was administered to assess functioning in a number of domains: intelligence (WAIS Digit Symbol and Block Design); brain function (Trail-Making); speed of performance (Crossing-Off); memory and learning (WMS Visual Reproduction and Associate Learning); morale and life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction and Control Ratings); anxiety (MAACL); and depression (MAACL). Improvement was observed on several physiological parameters. ANOVA revealed significant sex and age differences on Digit Symbol and Block Design and age differences on Trail-Making, Crossing-Off, Associate Learning, and anxiety. Regardless of sex and age, significant improvement in performance was observed from pre to post-test on Digit Symbol, Block Design, Trail-Making, Crossing-Off, and on Associate Learning. In addition, an increase on health status rating (p less than .01) and decrease in anxiety were observed from pre to post-test. These data illustrate beneficial effects of exercise on certain measures of cognitive functioning and personality.
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PMID:The effect of regular exercise on cognitive functioning and personality. 48 82

Paired-pulse depression (PPD) technique was used to investigate the potency of recurrent synaptic inhibition mediated by GABA in area CA1 of 54 hippocampal slices from coriaria lactone (CL)-kindled and control rats. When paired stimuli were sent to the axon of CA1 pyramidal cell and Schaffer collaterals, the effect of population spike PPD lasted about 40-60ms; no significant change was observed on PPD potency between kindled and control groups (P = 0.06, 2-way ANOVA). The results indicate that the GABA-ergic synaptic inhibition seemed not to play a key role in the maintenance of the chemical kindling induced by CL.
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PMID:[Observation of paired-pulse depression in CA1 region of hippocampal slices from coriaria lactone-kindled rats]. 130 44

1. The present study investigated regulation of reflex excitability after experimental contusion injury of the spinal cord. 2. Four measures of H-reflex excitability were evaluated in normal rats and at 6, 28, and 60 days after contusion injury at the T8 level: 1) reflex thresholds, 2) slope of the reflex recruitment curves, 3) maximal plantar H-reflex/maximal plantar M-response (Hmax/Mmax) ratios, and 4) rate-sensitive depression (i.e., the decrease in reflex magnitude relative to repetition rate). 3. Tested as a function of the afferent volley magnitude, the thresholds for reflex initiation fell progressively subsequent to contusion injury. No change was observed at 6 days postinjury, and the decrease at 28 days was not significant. However, by 60 days postinjury, the threshold had decreased by 23% of the maximal afferent volley, and this decrease was significant, [analysis of variance (ANOVA, P < or = 0.01)]. 4. Hmax/Mmax ratios elicited in postcontusion animals at 0.3 Hz were not significantly different from those recorded in normal animals. 5. The slopes of the recruitment curves were markedly reduced subsequent to contusion injury. The decrease was greatest at 6 days postinjury. Although some recovery toward normal occurred at 28 and 60 days postinjury, the slopes of recruitment curves in postcontusion animals remained significantly decreased. 6. H-reflexes elicited at 1-5 Hz were less sensitive to rate depression in postcontusion animals than in normal animals at the same respective frequencies. The decrease was progressive in onset, becoming significant by 28 days postinjury, and of an enduring nature, i.e., still significantly different from normal in the reflexes tested 60 days postinjury. 7. Rate sensitivity of the tibial nerve monosynaptic reflex (MSR) was also compared in normal and postcontusion animals. Rate sensitivity of the tibial MSRs was significantly reduced at 28 and 60 days post-contusion, compared with normal animals. 8. These data indicate that significant changes in lumbar reflex excitability result from midthoracic contusion injury of the spinal cord. These changes include reflex threshold, slope of recruitment, and rate-sensitive depression. Although recruitment slope was most altered in the shortest postinjury interval tested, followed by some recovery, the other changes were progressive in onset and enduring in duration.
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PMID:Altered patterns of reflex excitability subsequent to contusion injury of the rat spinal cord. 147 25

The major goal of this descriptive study with repeated measures was to better understand the pain and psychological distress of patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). A second goal was to gain insight into potential treatment strategies by examining the pattern of locus of control and coping strategies used by the subjects. The sample was composed of 17 people (12 men and 5 women) diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and pretreated with high-dose chemotherapy prior to ABMT. Data collection instruments were the Pain-O-Meter (POM) (Gaston-Johansson, Omaha, NE), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), and the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (CSQ). The instruments were administered two days prior to the ABMT and 5, 10, and 20 days following the ABMT. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an ANOVA for repeated measures. The study showed that the patients experienced a low-grade, persistent pain that was multifocally located. Mild to moderate anxiety and depression were present throughout the hospitalization. The patients used inadequate coping strategies and reported that they had little ability to control or decrease their pain. These findings indicate a need for clinicians to develop treatment strategies to deal with pain and psychological distress experienced by patients undergoing ABMT.
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PMID:Pain and psychological distress in patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation. 153 87

Depression and alcoholism are associated with impaired immune responses. Complement proteins and fragments participate in the induction and modulation of both specific and non-specific immune reactions. This study examined the effect of prolonged ethanol ingestion on complement CH50 levels in two strains of rats, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) and the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL), that differ in cholinergic sensitivity and depressive tendencies. Chronic ethanol exposure given as either the source of drinking fluid or as a liquid diet had a significant inhibition on mean CH50 unit responses in both FSL (41-48%) and FRL (23-24%) rats. The difference in group response to ethanol was confirmed by a significant interaction of ethanol treatment versus group in the two-way ANOVA. The FSL rats appear to be more easily affected than FRLs. Genetic differences in the neurotransmitter systems, therefore, may play a role in susceptibility to immunosuppression resulting from ethanol exposure.
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PMID:Ethanol and complement hemolytic activity of selectively bred hypercholinergic rats. 158 Sep 28

The most frequently used postoperative analgesia techniques are intramuscular injection (IM) and patient controlled analgesia (PCA). Recently, the use of epidural catheter injection (EPI) has been done with success. This study was done to prospectively compare these three techniques for postoperative analgesia after extensive operations upon the colon and rectum. Patients were randomized to one of three analgesia groups--IM, intramuscular morphine sulfate; PCA, patient controlled morphine sulfate, and EPI, epidural morphine sulfate. Data collected included age, time to first bowel movement, amount of narcotic, number achieving 75 per cent of preoperative forced vital capacity, postoperative pruritus, headache, nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, atelectasis or pneumonitis. A visual analog pain scale was used to evaluate postoperative pain severity (0, no; 1, partial; 2, marked, and 3, total relief). Sixty-eight patients were eligible for study (IM, 19; PCA, 22; EPI, 23, and excluded, four). The EPI group required significantly less daily narcotic compared with either the IM or PCA groups (17.0 +/- 6.12 milligrams; 67.8 +/- 26.8 milligrams; 40.5 +/- 20.6 milligrams, respectively, less than 0.05 ANOVA) and total narcotic (81.3 +/- 31.3 milligrams; 355.4 +/- 147.7 milligrams; 215.3 +/- 105.4 milligrams, respectively, p less than 0.05 ANOVA). EPI achieves excellent pain control in more patients with a significantly lower dose of narcotics and significantly fewer pulmonary complications. Therefore, epidural analgesia is the optimal method of postoperative analgesia after extensive abdominal operations.
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PMID:Epidural analgesia. 173 72

The prevalence of depression was examined in 54 patients recruited by speech pathologists and separated into four groups according to aphasia type (Broca's vs Wernicke's) and the duration of illness (less than six months vs more than six months). Evaluation of depression was made through questionnaires, completed by the spouse or speech pathologist, and patient interviews. The four groups were similar in demographical variables, in severity of aphasia and in lesion size (from CAT scan analyses). The prevalence of depression for the total sample was low (15%). Univariate analyses (ANOVA) did not show significant differences between the groups on the depression scales. The severity of depression was not correlated with lesion size or location. It was concluded that Wernicke's aphasics do not experience depression less often nor less severely than Broca's aphasics and that the incidence of depression in aphasia is not high. These results are in contrast with those obtained in earlier studies. Reasons for the discrepancies between this and other studies are discussed.
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PMID:The relationship of depression to symptomatology and lesion site in aphasic patients. 174 34

The purpose of this study was to subclassify clinically depressed patients based on a cluster-analytic examination of the MMPI. Subjects were 79 female inpatients with major depression. A cluster analysis of the MMPI validity and clinical scales resulted in three clusters labeled psychotic (287 MMPI profile), hostile (24 MMPI profile), and histrionic (32 MMPI profile) depression. The psychotic group exhibited the greatest depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The psychotic and hostile groups, however, did not differ on other associated aspects of depression, such as negative cognitions, nonassertiveness, or personality style. The hostile group reported the fewest physical difficulties and the most excessive alcohol use. The groups, however, did not differ on other aspects of depression history or presentation such as family history of depression or previous hospitalizations. A repeated measures ANOVA for the three cluster groups on the BDI at admission, discharge, and 6 months after discharge indicated that all groups showed improvement at discharge but that only the hostile depressive group continued to show improvement at the 6-month follow-up.
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PMID:Derivation and implications of MMPI cluster groups in clinically depressed inpatient females. 180 67

Whether the major action of anesthetics is to depress the central nervous system (CNS) by reducing excitation or enhancing inhibition remains unknown. Using whole cell patch-clamp recording in hippocampal slices, halothane and pentobarbital were found to prolong the decay time constant (TAU(D)) of GABAA-mediated spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). Intracellular administration of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA or the Ca2+ release inhibitor dantrolene significantly (ANOVA, P less than 0.005) reduced halothane's effect; in contrast, the pentobarbital effect was unchanged. Halothane induced depression of population spike amplitude was blocked by the GABAA antagonist bicuculline. Together, these findings suggest that a major depressant effect of halothane involves enhancement of GABAA-mediated inhibition through release of intraneuronally stored Ca2+.
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PMID:Halothane enhances tonic neuronal inhibition by elevating intracellular calcium. 190 6

Fifty-six patients who were hospitalised for a schizophrenic episode were followed up for nine months after discharge. The Psychiatric Assessment Scale (PAS, Krawiecka et al., 1977) was administered at monthly intervals during this period. Twenty-three patients relapsed of which data were available for sixteen. In these sixteen patients who relapsed comparisons were made of the PAS symptoms between the month prior to relapse and the month preceding this. Sixteen patients who did not relapse were randomly matched with the relapsing patients and an index point comparable in time to relapse onset in the matched relapsed patient was identified. Comparisons were made on the PAS symptoms using a repeated measures ANOVA to compare relapsers and non relapsers on the month prior to relapse and the month which preceded this. Discriminant function analysis was used to predict relapse by analysis of those PAS symptoms which showed an increase in the month before relapse. This suggested that the measures of depression and hallucinations significantly increased in the month prior to relapse compared to the preceding month in relapsers but not non-relapsers. The results of this study closely agree with previous published results even though there were some differences between studies in the patient samples.
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PMID:Prodromal signs of relapse in schizophrenia. 194 95


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