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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The following hemodynamic parameters: cardiac frequency, peripheral arterial pressure, pulmonary pressure and cardiac output were measured by direct catheterisation, as the total peripheral vascular resistance and the systolic ejection volume were calculated from the registered results. The cardiac frequency and the pulmonary arterial pressure were practically not modified in our patients, though we have observed a statistically significant decrease of systolic (-30p. 100) and diastolic (-27p. 100) arterial pressure. The total peripheral vascular resistance shows a marked diminution (-20p. 100) after giving Ethrane? for ten minutes. If it is possible that one part, surely important, of the cardiac output, is preserved under Ethrane anesthesia by a significant decrease of the total peripheral vascular resistance, a myocardial depression might be questionned, the decrease of cardiac output at 30 minutes being more important than the decrease of the total peripheral vascular resistance.
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PMID:[Hemodynamic effect of enflurane in man]. 0 16

The cardiac arrhythmicity of epinephrine and dopamine was compared in awake goats and during approximate equivalent levels of halothane, enflurane, methoxyflurane, and fluroxene anesthesia. The arrhythmic threshold dose for epinephrine and dopamine was significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced during halothane anesthesia when compared to values determined in awake animals. Enflurane anesthesia had no significant affect on the arrhythmic threshold dose for either catecholamine. However, methoxyflurane and fluroxene anesthesia significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated the arrhythmic threshold dose for dopamine. Epinephrine produced greater elevations in mean arterial pressure than dopamine with all anesthetics except enflurane, and dopamine produced significantly (p less than 0.05) higher heart rates in the awake animals and those anesthetized with halothane and enflurane. The authors conclude that, in terms of arrhythmic potential, there is no advantage in the use of dopamine rather than epinephrine for the reversal of halothane-induced myocardial depression during halothane or enflurane anesthesia.
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PMID:Arrhythmic doses of epinephrine and dopamine during halothane, enflurane, methoxyflurane, and fluroxene anesthesia in goats. 1 72

Isolated guinea pig nerve-lumbrical muscle preparations were exposed to halothane, methoxyflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, fluroxene, and diethyl ether. The temporal courses of the effects on indirectly and directly elicited twitch responses were determined over a range of concentrations for each agent. When the anesthetics were compared at concentrations equivalent in terms of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), a spectrum was observed in which halothane, methoxyflurane and isoflurane depressed the indirect twitch response at 3.5--5 MAC and the direct twitch response at 8--10 MAC. Diethyl ether and fluroxene depressed the indirect twitch response at 2--3.5 MAC and the direct twitch response at 3--6 MAC. Enflurane depressed the indirect response at 1.5--2.5 MAC and the direct response at 6--8 MAC. When the anesthetics were compared at concentrations equivalent in terms of their abilities to depress end-plate depolarization, however, all anesthetics were equipotent. Depression of the indirect twitch response occurred only when anesthetic concentrations were great enough to depress depolarization by 50 per cent.
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PMID:Effects of volatile anesthetics on directly and indirectly stimulated skeletal muscle. 3 42

Changes in heart rate and arterial pressure caused by enflurane and halothane anaesthesia were investigated in patients premedicated with diazepam and scopolamine. Enflurane caused a significant (12%) increase in heart rate and depression of arterial pressure (23%). Halothane depressed heart rate significantly (14%), whereas arterial pressure was unaffected. The authors conclude that enflurane possesses a positive chronotropic effect.
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PMID:Heart rate changes caused by enflurane and halothane anaesthesia in man. 27 56

Anesthetic indices for methoxyflurane, enflurane, and isoflurane in oxygen and halothane in nitrous oxide and oxygen (50:50), were determined in rats using measurements of heart and brain concentrations of the volatile agents at the endpoints of anesthesia, respiratory arrest and cardiac failure. The indices related respiratory arrest to anesthesia (respiratory index-A1r), cardiac failure to anesthesia (cardiac index-AIc) and respiratory arrest to cardiac failure (cardiorespiratory index-AIcr). Isoflurane had a significantly higher AIr (3.1) and AIc (5.7) than enflurane (AIr 1.8, AIc 3.3), methoxyflurane (AIr 2.2, AIc 3.7) and halothane in nitrous oxide and oxygen (AIr 2.4, AIc 3.7). These indices were also higher than those previously determined for halothane (AIr 2.3, AIc 3.0). Isoflurane had a higher AIcr (1.9) than halothane (1.6). Enflurane had a significantly lower AIr (1.8) than any of the other agents studied. These findings suggested a greater margin of safety for isoflurane, especially with respect to the heart, and a greater potential for respiratory depression for enflurane than for the other agents. Nitrous oxide decreased the amount of halothane necessary to produce anesthesia, but also that needed to produce respiratory arrest or cardiac failure. The addition of nitrous oxide, therefore, did not significantly enhance the overall safety of halothane anesthesia with respect to potential respiratory or cardiac depression.
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PMID:Anesthetic indices--further data. 62 24

The effects of equipotent concentrations of enflurane, isoflurane, and halothane on isolated human uterine muscle have been evaluated. Three anesthetic concentrations (0.5, 1.9, and 1.5 MAC) were studied. Specimens included myometrial strips from 45 non-gravid and seven gravid uteri. Both groups of muscle strips showed significant (P less than 0.05) and progressive depression of contractility with all anesthetics. However, the extents of depression at each anesthetic level studied were similar with all drugs. Enflurane, isoflurane, and halothane are equally depressing to isolated human uterine muscle.
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PMID:Enflurane, isoflurane, and halothane and isolated human uterine muscle. 83 87

Tracheal mucociliary flow rates in dogs were measured with a radioactive droplet technique during thiopental anesthesia, and subsequently during enflurane, either, and nitrous oxide-morphine anesthesia on different occasions. Enflurane, at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 MAC, produced a dose-dependent, reversible depression of mucociliary flow equal to that previously reported for halothane. Nitrous oxide-halothane and nitrous oxide-morphine depressed mucociliary flow to the same extent as halothane at equivalent MAC levels. Ether did not depress mucociliary flow significantly from the thiopental control at any MAC level.
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PMID:Mucociliary flow in the trachea during anesthesia with enflurane, ether, nitrous oxide, and morphine. 85 Dec 41

Enflurane anesthesia with thiamylal induction in the dog produced only slight, statistically insignificant, changes in the heart rate and the mean systemic blood pressure. A significant depression of the respiratory rate with an associated significant increase in the arterial partial pressure of CO2 was produced, accompanied by a decrease in the blood pH. Progressive drop of the body temperature occurred throughout anesthesia. Significant hematologic changes included a reduction in the packed cell volume and the erythrocyte and leukocyte counts. The only significant change in the blood chemistry was an increase in alkaline phosphatase at 24 and 48 hours after induction of anesthesia.
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PMID:Physiologic changes in the dog anesthetized with thiamylal and enflurane. 87 63

Enflurane (Ethrane; Abbott Laboratories Ltd), a new inhalation anaesthetic, was used on 30 clinical cases. A surgical plane of anaesthesia was quickly obtained and recovery was rapid. Respiratory depression occurred with a reduction in rate which was more marked in deeper planes of anaesthesia. Hypotension was not severe and was more marked in deeper plans of anaesthesia. Clinically the agent did not appear to be a good analgesic. No signs of spontaneous muscle activity were seen, possibly due to premedication with acepromazine.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of enflurane in the dog. 88 23

Fifty patients scheduled for elective Caesarean section were anaesthetised with nitrous oxide, oxygen, relaxant, and 0,5 - 1,5% Ethrane. The mothers were tilted laterally throughout the operation. Analysis of the maternal blood gas status before induction and at delivery revealed a mild respiratory alkalosis with an associated metabolic acidosis. The mean modified Apgar score (Apgar minus colour) of the infants 1 minute after delivery, was 7/8. All infants achieved the maximum score at 5 minutes. Blood gas studies on umbilical cord blood indicated a relative lack of fetal acidaemia. The results suggest that Ethrane does not cause significant perinatal depression, and that fetoplacental exchange is well maintaned during anaesthesia. The anaesthetic was well tolerated by the mothers and there were no instances of factual recall, no cardiac arrhythmias were observed, no significant hypotension was encountered and blood loss was average.
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PMID:Ethrane anaesthesia for caesarean section. 119 16


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