UMLS:C0011570 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study evaluated whether macrophage activation would reduce the depression in the capacity of macrophages to produce H2O2 following EIgG phagocytosis. Macrophage activation was accomplished by exposing inflammatory rat peritoneal macrophages to 10 units of IFN gamma for 72 h. IFN gamma treatment caused a four to fivefold increase in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-triggered H2O2 production, but Fc receptor phagocytic function was unaltered. IFN gamma-activated macrophages were able to phagocytize a greater number of EIgG before a decrease in PMA-triggered H2O2 production was observed and the level of H2O2 production did not fall below that of untreated-inflammatory macrophages that had not received an EIgG phagocytic challenge. The depression in Fc receptor phagocytic function was unaltered with macrophage activation. These results indicate that activated macrophages are resistant to the depression of respiratory burst capacity caused by erythrocyte phagocytosis and suggests that IFN gamma treatment may be effective in preventing the impairment of host defense against bacterial infection that is associated with erythrocyte phagocytosis.
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PMID:Respiratory burst capacity of activated macrophages is resistant to depression by erythrocyte phagocytosis. 152 61

During the past decade, the development of various gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) agonists, which induce reversible hypo-oestrogenism has opened a new area in the medical management of endometriosis. In an open, multicentre phase III study, the efficacy, tolerance and safety of the Gn-RH agonist leuprorelin acetate were tested. The preliminary results of 104 women treated in seven German centres are presented. Pelvic endometriosis was diagnosed by laparoscopy and classified according to the American Fertility Society scoring system: 33% of patients had minimal, 22% mild, 28% moderate and 8% severe endometriosis and in 9% no pathological results were obtained. The patients' mean age was 30 +/- 6 years and 66 had infertility problems. Treatment was started within the first 3 days of the menstrual cycle and consisted of a subcutaneous injection of leuprorelin acetate 3.75 mg, repeated once monthly over 24 weeks. A follow-up period of 12 months after the last injection has been completed in 70 patients, including a second laparoscopy. At all visits, symptoms were evaluated, physical examinations performed, and blood samples collected for haematological screening, serum chemistry determinations and measurement of the gonadotrophins oestradiol and progesterone and leuprorelin acetate. The median score at laparoscopy fell from 12 before operation to 8 after operation and 2 after treatment with leuprorelin acetate. Of the total number of patients, 89% had improvements in their endometriosis, 8% a deterioration and 3% no change. Patients reported improvement in the following: dysmenorrhoea 93%, dyspareunia 62% and pelvic pain 70%. However, all women complained of at least one of the following symptoms: hot flushes 86%, sleep disturbance 62%, sweating 61%, headache 41%, nausea 32% and depression 20%. Fifty-five percent of patients reported additional side effects such as vaginal dryness, fatigue and lower abdominal pain. After the third injection, amenorrhoea persisted in 94% of the women. Four weeks after the first leuprorelin acetate injection median concentrations of oestradiol fell from 45 pg/ml to 11 pg/ml, follicle-stimulating hormone from 7 U/L to 3 U/L and luteinising hormone from 5 U/L to 1 U/L and remained almost unchanged over the observation period. During the 6 months' treatment, laboratory parameters showed no significant deviations from normal; only total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase increased. Treatment results were judged as good and satisfactory in 82% and 11% of cases, respectively. On the basis of this study, it can be concluded that leuprorelin acetate treatment is safe, well tolerated and effective in the medical management of endometriosis and endometriosis-related complaints.
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PMID:Treatment of endometriosis with leuprorelin acetate depot: a German multicentre study. 153 21

Medium hyperosmolarity between 300 (normal medium osmolarity) and 600 mOsm inhibited in a concentration-correlated fashion (r greater than 0.97, p less than 0.001) the rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and prolactin (PRL) secretion induced in GH4C1 cells by depolarizing 30 mM K+. [Ca2+]i concentration and PRL secretion were tightly related between 300 and 600 mOsm (r = 0.976, p less than 0.001); 50% inhibition of both occurred at 450 mOsm. Medium hyperosmolarity slowed the rate of Ca2+ influx. At 600 mOsm the rise in both [Ca2+]i and PRL secretion was abolished but PRL secretion induced by 1 microM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was not significantly reduced. Our data suggest that inhibition of Ca2+ influx may be the primary mechanism by which extracellular hyperosmolarity inhibits PRL secretion induced by high medium K+ in GH4C1 cells. Depression of the Ca2+ intracellular transduction system may play a pathophysiological role in vivo in conditions such as dehydration and hypertonic coma.
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PMID:Medium hyperosmolarity inhibits prolactin secretion induced by depolarizing K+ in GH4C1 cells by blocking Ca2+ influx. 155 72

Our previous studies have shown that the phagocytosis of IgG-coated erythrocytes (EIgG) in vivo increases the mortality rate with bacterial infection, and EIgG phagocytosis in vitro depresses phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-triggered H2O2 production. The present study was undertaken to determine if the depression of H2O2 production caused by EIgG phagocytosis could be reversed by exposing macrophages to priming agents. Macrophages exposed to 100 micrograms/ml of C. parvum, it's pyridine-soluble extract (PE), or the pyridine extract residue (PER) for 1 hr showed an enhanced production of H2O2 in response to PMA triggering. The priming effect of C. parvum, PE, and PER lasted for 3-6 hr. 18 hr after exposure to C parvum or PER, PMA-triggered H2O2 production was depressed, however PE did not have this effect. The priming effect of C parvum was not prevented by cycloheximide. EIgG phagocytosis caused a dose dependent depression of PMA-triggered H2O2 production. When macrophages were exposed to C. parvum, PE, or PER following EIgG phagocytosis, the priming of PMA-triggered H2O2 production was reduced but H2O2 production was maintained at levels equal to or greater than that of control macrophages. These results show that phagocytosis did not prevent the action of priming agents on macrophage respiratory burst capacity, and suggests that such agents may preserve macrophage bactericidal function following phagocytosis.
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PMID:Corynebacterium parvum can reverse the depression of macrophage hydrogen peroxide production caused by erythrocyte phagocytosis. 158 58

The expression of certain proteolytic enzymes involved in cell migration (collagenase, urokinase) can be enhanced by the disruption of cellular cytoskeletal organization, suggesting an association between cell shape and gene expression. We have examined the effect of cytoskeleton-disrupting agents on the production and secretion of another proteolytic enzyme, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), in human endothelial cells. Addition of 1 x 10(-6) M colchicine, 5 x 10(-6) M cytochalasin B, 10(-6) M nocodazole, or 10(-6) M tubulazole had no effect on the constitutive rate of release of tPA. However, the three microtubule-disrupting agents--colchicine, nocodazole, and tubulazole--depressed the stimulation of tPA secretion by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) by 50- to 65%. Disruption of microfilament structure by cytochalasin B had no effect. In contrast, microtubule disruption in the absence or presence of PMA stimulated PAI-1 secretion by 2.5 and 2 times, respectively. The depression of tPA secretion was not due to inhibition of the secretory function since tPA did not accumulate intracellularly during colchicine treatment. Nor did colchicine affect the PMA activation of protein kinase C-alpha, upon which stimulation of tPA is dependent; neither translocation of the kinase nor phosphorylation of the protein kinase C substrate protein, P80, was inhibited. Measurement of tPA mRNA levels demonstrated that the increase which precedes PMA-enhanced tPA secretion was also inhibited by colchicine by 50%. However, tPA gene transcriptional activity was only reduced 13%, suggesting that a post-transcriptional event was affected by microtubule disruption. PAI-1 mRNA levels and transcription rates were elevated 3.5 times. This study suggests that the changes that occur in endothelial cells during PMA-induced signal transmission leading to enhanced tPA mRNA levels and tPA antigen production can be partly blocked by agents that disrupt microtubule organization.
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PMID:Disruption of microtubules inhibits the stimulation of tissue plasminogen activator expression and promotes plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 expression in human endothelial cells. 163 33

Twenty multiparous and 12 primiparous Holstein cows were assigned at calving to one of three grass hay-based diets containing either 14, 18, or 22% CP or an alfalfa hay-based diet containing 22% CP to examine the effect of protein level and forage source on milk yield and composition. The diets contained 23% ADF during wk 1 to 4 postpartum, which was lowered to 11% for wk 5 to 12 postpartum. Cows fed the 18 and 22% CP grass-based diets produced higher yields of milk, 4% FCM, fat, protein, and SNF than those fed the 14% CP diet during the high fiber period. In addition, cows fed the 22% CP grass-based diet had higher milk fat tests than those fed the 14% CP diet during the high fiber period, due primarily to an increase in short-chain fatty acid synthesis. Milk fat depression was more severe when cows were changed to low fiber diets while fed the 22% CP alfalfa-based diet than when fed the 22% CP grass-based diet. Depression in milk fat content was 15.0, 17.0, 15.6, and 27.0% for 14, 18, and 22% CP grass-based and 22% CP alfalfa-based diets, respectively. Cows receiving the 18 and 22% CP grass-based diets exhibited higher blood NEFA during the high fiber feeding period than those fed the 14% CP diet. After fiber was lowered, changes in rumen acetate:propionate ratios were unaffected by treatment. Lowering fiber level resulted in an increased milk CP percentage regardless of treatment. Grass hay appeared to be more effective than alfalfa hay in preventing depression in milk fat test upon the change to a low fiber diet.
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PMID:Effects of protein level and forage source on milk production and composition in early lactation dairy cows. 164 5

1. After blocking K+ currents with 10 mM-tetraethylammonium (TEA) or TEA plus 250 microM-3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP). motor nerve terminal Ca2+ currents were recorded using focal extracellular electrodes. Two transmitters released from the terminal. ATP and acetylcholine (ACh), were then applied, and the effects on the nerve terminal Ca2+ current were measured. 2. ATP (50 microM) reduced the Ca2+ current by 34%, but this action is prevented when hydrolysis to adenosine is blocked by alpha,beta-methyladenosine 5'-diphosphate (200 microM). Thus, inhibition by ATP presumably occurs subsequent to ATP hydrolysis to adenosine. 3. Adenosine (50 microM) inhibited the terminal Ca2+ current by 29%. This was mimicked by the adenosine analogue L-phenylisopropyl adenosine (L-PIA) and blocked by theophylline (100 microM), which antagonizes adenosine receptors at micromolar concentrations. 4. ACh (100 microM) or the anticholinesterase methane sulphonyl fluoride (MSF; 1 mM) also depressed the terminal Ca2+ current. This response was mimicked by muscarine (100 microM) and antagonized by atropine (100 microM) or pirenzipine (4 microM), which is generally specific for M1 receptors. 5. Addition of Ba2+, which blocks adenosine-mediated K+ currents, had no effect on the inhibitory effects of either adenosine or ACh; similarly, neither adenosine nor ACh in the bath affected K+ current records obtained after blocking all inward currents with 10 mM-Co2+ and focal application of tetrodotoxin. 6. Incubation of the muscle for 4 h in pertussis toxin (10(-5) g ml-1) eliminated both adenosine- and ACh-induced inhibition of the terminal Ca2+ current. This result indicates the possible involvement of a G protein in the transduction of the feedback pathway. 7. Neither cyclic AMP analogues, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin (10 microM), the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 3 microM) nor the diacylglycerol analogue 1,2-oleoylacetylglycerol (OAG; 3 microM) had any effect on adenosine- or ACh-induced depression of the terminal Ca2+ current. Therefore, pathways involving these particular second messengers are most probably not involved. 8. The effects of adenosine and ACh are non-additive. 9. These results indicate that ATP and ACh, which are released during exocytosis, may inhibit their own release through attenuation of the terminal Ca2+ current via autoreceptors coupled to a G protein.
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PMID:Autoreceptor-mediated purinergic and cholinergic inhibition of motor nerve terminal calcium currents in the rat. 165 22

The effects of doxazosin (alpha-1-inhibitor) and enalapril (ACE-inhibitor) on blood pressure and exercise stress test were assessed in 10 hypertensive patients (8 M, 2 F, age 58 +/- 9 years) with coronary artery disease and exertional myocardial ischemia. A single blind, cross-over, placebo controlled trial was performed. Placebo was administered for 2 periods of 2 weeks, doxazosin and enalapril for at least 3 weeks. The sequence of the active drugs was randomized and the single daily dose, obtained by titration, was 7 +/- 5 mg for doxazosin and 18 +/- 13 mg for enalapril. Blood pressure measurements and treadmill tests (Bruce protocol) were performed at the end of each period. Rest systolic and diastolic pressures after placebo were respectively 173 +/- 15 and 106 +/- 9 mmHg and were reduced to 153 +/- 11 and 93 +/- 12 mmHg (p less than 0.05) after doxazosin and to 150 +/- 24 and 93 +/- 12 mmHg (p less than 0.05) after enalapril. Total exercise time was 473 +/- 91 s after placebo and increased to 545 +/- 84 s (p less than 0.05) after doxazosin and 529 +/- 100 s (p less than 0.05) after enalapril. Time to 1 mm ST depression (ST1) was 297 +/- 102 s after placebo and increased to 414 +/- 96 s (p less than 0.05) after doxazosin and to 396 +/- 133 s (p less than 0.05) after enalapril. Double product at peak exercise and at ST1 were respectively 26.3 +/- 2.8 and 22.1 +/- 2.8 x 10(3) and remained unchanged after enalapril and doxazosin. Peak exercise diastolic blood pressure was 107 +/- 5 mmHg after placebo, was reduced to 94 +/- 15 mmHg (p less than 0.05) after doxazosin and was unchanged after enalapril (101 +/- 10 mmHg, NS). Thus, doxazosin and enalapril induced a comparable decrease of rest blood pressure and a similar increase of exercise time in hypertensive patients with exertional myocardial ischemia. Doxazosin but not enalapril reduced exercise diastolic blood pressure.
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PMID:[Comparative effects of doxazosin and enalapril in patients with arterial hypertension and exercise-induced acute myocardial ischemia]. 168 51

A simple RNA isolation method was developed to purify bacterial RNAs from a large number of samples simultaneously in an hour. The method is based on boiling the cells in the presence of Triton X-100 and lysozyme, and then preferential RNA precipitation with ammonium acetate. There is no CsCl centrifugation required. For the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae, the depression condition can be maintained during the cell-harvesting process. The intact isolated RNAs appeared to be free of protein, with a yield of 100 micrograms RNA from a 4-ml cell culture of 100 Klett units (10(9) cells/ml). Any DNA present was in a form that did not react with a nifH probe following Northern blotting to nitrocellulose (i.e., was not single-stranded).
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PMID:Two-step isolation of bacterial ribonucleic acid without using a chaotropic agent or cesium chloride centrifugation. 169 54

The combination of high-resolution tantalum/tungsten (Ta/W) shadowing at very low specimen temperature (-250 degrees C) under ultrahigh vacuum (less than 2 x 10(-9) mbar) with circular harmonic image averaging revealed details on the surface structure of mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mi-CK) molecules with a resolution less than 2.5 nm. Mi-CK octamers exhibit a cross-like surface depression dividing the square shaped projection of 10 x 10 nm into four equally sized subdomains, which correspond to the four dimers forming the octameric Mi-CK molecule. By a combination of positive staining (with uranyl acetate) and heavy metal shadowing, internal structures as well as the surface relief of Mi-CK were visualized at the same time at high resolution. Computational image analysis revealed only a single projection class of molecules, but the ability of Mi-CK to form linear filaments, as well as geometrical considerations concerning the formation of octamers by four equal, asymmetric dimers, suggest the existence of at least two distinct faces on the molecule. By image processing of Mi-CK filaments a side view of the octamer differing from the top-bottom projections of single molecules became evident showing a funnel-like access each form the top and bottom of the octamer connected by a central channel. The general structure of the Mi-CK octamer described here is relevant to the localization of the molecule at the inner-outer mitochondrial contact sites and to the function of Mi-CK as an "energy channeling" molecule.
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PMID:Structure of the mitochondrial creatine kinase octamer: high-resolution shadowing and image averaging of single molecules and formation of linear filaments under specific staining conditions. 170 44

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