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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety two major depressed outpatients were rated with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) in Cotonou, in Benin (West-Africa). Patients satisfied modified DSM III major depression criteria and were French-speaking. Men, civil servants, and city dwellers were over-represented in the population sample. The examination of item frequency yielded rather 'western-like' clinical features of depression: with differences described previously: a lower frequency of suicidal thoughts and guilt feelings, a higher frequency of somatic complaints and ideas of persecution. Principal component analysis reinforced 'western-like' aspects. The relationship between the so-called 'western culture-bound symptoms' and the so-called 'African ones' is discussed.
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PMID:Depression in Benin: an assessment using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and the principal component analysis. 152 72

Multi-infarct dementia (MID) and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) are the main syndromes in the elderly. This study aims at evaluating the possible differentiation of these syndromes on a clinical basis. The patient population consisted of demented patients hospitalized during the period April 1, 1988-September 30, 1990 at the Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases. The study included 40 patients with MID and 25 with DAT. The clinical diagnosis of dementia included medical history, neurological examination, psychiatric interview and laboratory diagnostic investigations. The severity of the dementia symptoms was rated by many rating scales and a battery of neuropsychological tests. This model of clinical procedure permitted for differential diagnosis between vascular and degenerative dementia, according to DSM-III-R criteria. Patients with multi-infarct dementia of the Alzheimer type did not differ significantly with regard to age, mean duration of cognitive impairment and level of education. In the DAT group women outnumbered men, and this was statistically significant. It should be emphasized, that a great majority of patients with cerebrovascular lesions developed early cognitive impairment, that means within the first year after stroke. In the MID group hypertension, heart disease and smoking were statistically more frequent than in the DAT group. For the preliminary evaluation the severity of cognitive impairment was quantified by Mini-Mental State and Dementia Scale. These scales showed that the degree of dementia was significantly greater in DAT patients as compared to MID patients, whereas the severity of depression assessed by Hamilton's Scale was mild and similar in both group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical and differential diagnosis of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease]. 152 70

We evaluated 20 patients with Cushing's disease (i.e., Cushing's syndrome due to ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenoma) and 20 patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) and Research Diagnostic Criteria. The diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) was most common in Cushing's disease (79%), followed by MDD (68%), and Panic Disorder (PD) including subthreshold PD (53%). The combination of MDD and GAD and/or PD was also common in Cushing's disease (63%). Behavioral symptoms, if present, usually first occurred at or after the onset of the first physical symptoms. However, the onset of PD was associated with more chronic stages of Cushing's disease. In both Cushing's disease and MDD, more female than male relatives suffered from MDD, whereas more male than female relatives suffered from substance abuse. The data demonstrate a syndrome of anxious depression in patients with active Cushing's disease; such comorbidility has not been previously noted. The data also point to intriguing epidemiological, clinical, and biological associations between Cushing's disease, MDD and substance abuse.
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PMID:Psychiatric phenomenology in Cushing's disease. 152 59

Specific sleep disturbances such as reduced slow-wave sleep (SWS) and decreased serotonergic (5-HT) activity have been observed in depressive disorders. Ritanserin, a specific 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, has been shown to increase SWS in healthy subjects. This study explored the effects of a single dose or ritanserin (5 mg) on sleep electroencephalography in 18 major depressed patients and in 10 control subjects. Ritanserin affected SWS differently in the two groups. Although stage 3 increased significantly in the groups, in contrast to controls, there was no significant effect of ritanserin on stage 4 in depressed patients. In the depressed group, irritability and DSM-III-R melancholic type predicted 40% or the variance of stage 4 increment after ritanserin, as assessed by stepwise multiple regression. These results are in agreement with a potential 5-HT disturbance, particularly at the 5-HT2 receptor level, in some clinical forms of depression.
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PMID:5-HT2 receptor antagonism and slow-wave sleep in major depression. 152 36

Psychiatric disorders are studied in a 94 drug addict population using structured interviews. Beck Depression Inventory and DSM-III and CIE-9 criteria for diagnosis. Fifty five percent of drug abusers have a psychiatric disorder not related with drug abuse. Personality disorders and affective disorders are the most frequent diagnosis.
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PMID:[Psychopathology associated with drug consumption]. 152 48

Paroxetine is an investigational antidepressant that acts through selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake at the synapse. In this study, 81 outpatients with major depression according to DSM-III criteria were treated with either paroxetine or placebo in a 6-week, randomized, double-blind study. Paroxetine was significantly superior to placebo on all major efficacy variables, including depression as well as anxiety, cognitive disturbance, insomnia, psychomotor retardation, and sleep disturbance. Significant differences in favor of paroxetine were apparent by Week 2. Paroxetine was also well tolerated. The results support the efficacy and safety of paroxetine as a treatment for patients with major depression.
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PMID:A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of paroxetine in depressed outpatients. 153 18

Paroxetine is a novel antidepressant that selectively inhibits neuronal reuptake of serotonin. Results are reported from a 6-week, double-blind trial of paroxetine, imipramine, and placebo in 120 outpatients with DSM-III major depression. Paroxetine was significantly superior to placebo on almost all measures. This included the main outcome variable, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and its factor scores, anxiety-somatization, cognitive disturbance, psychomotor retardation, and sleep disturbance. There were no significant differences between paroxetine and imipramine on the same scales. Imipramine-treated patients were significantly more likely than those taking placebo to report one or more adverse effects, which were predominantly anticholinergic in nature. There was no significant difference in the number of paroxetine and placebo patients who reported one or more adverse effects. The results of this and similar studies indicate that paroxetine is an effective treatment in major depression and has a favorable side effect profile.
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PMID:A 6-week, double-blind trial of paroxetine, imipramine, and placebo in depressed outpatients. 153 23

Ten children with trichotillomania (hair pulling) were systematically evaluated with structured psychiatric interviews and rating scales assessing anxiety, depression, life events, self-esteem, and family functioning. Six of the subjects met diagnostic criteria for overanxious disorder on the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents--Revised--Child or Adolescent Version and/or Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents--Revised--Parent Version. Two met the criteria for dysthymia, including one of the subjects with overanxious disorder. No children reported associated obsessions or compulsions. Only one subject experienced tension before hair pulling and relief associated with hair pulling. The DSM-III-R criteria for trichotillomania, which currently require an increasing sense of tension before hair pulling and gratification with hair pulling, may be overly restrictive and in need of redefinition. Additional research with increased sample size is necessary to define diagnostic criteria for trichotillomania and clarify its relationship with other psychiatric diagnoses.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity in children with trichotillomania. 1059 42

With the advent of DSM-III-R, the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) shifted in emphasis from the autonomic arousal to the cognitive component of the disorder, namely worry. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire was developed to assess the trait of worry and has proven to be a reliable and valid measure in a series of studies largely based on college student samples. The purpose of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties and utility of the PSWQ in a clinical sample of 436 anxiety disorder patients and 32 normal controls. Factor analysis indicated that the PSWQ assesses a unidimensional construct. Furthermore, the PSWQ evidenced quite favorable internal consistency using GAD patients and each of the other anxiety disorder groups and normal controls. The validity of the PSWQ was supported by an analysis indicating that the measure distinguished. GADs from each of the other anxiety disorder groups including those with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Moreover, correlations between the PSWQ and measures of anxiety, depression, and emotional control supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the measure. Collectively, the findings speak favorably to the use of the PSWQ in research examining the nature and treatment of GAD and the processes of normal and pathological worry.
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PMID:Psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in a clinical anxiety disorders sample. 154 Jan 10

A group of 480 patients, aged 19-78 with an HRSD score of at least 17 and who met DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder were studied. Patients were given placebo for a one-week single-blind run-in period, after which sertraline was administered for eight weeks. This was followed by 44 weeks in which patients received sertraline or placebo on a double-blind, randomised basis. Patients were assessed periodically using the 17-item HRSD and the Clinical Global Impression scales. During the entire double-blind period 24 (13.0%) sertraline patients relapsed compared with 48 (45.7%) placebo patients (P less than 0.001). The protective effect of sertraline was maintained throughout the 44 weeks. The study provides evidence that sertraline prevents relapse of the index episode of depression as well as recurrence of further episodes and has few side-effects.
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PMID:Sertraline in the prevention of depression. 152 Nov 16


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