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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pattern recognition methods were carried out on a sample of 80 depressed men, assessed by means of 14 items relevant to depressive symptomatology of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. 1985 edition (SCID). A cluster analysis generated two classes, which were described as a vital (n = 35) and a nonvital cluster (n = 45). Vital depressives were characterized by psychomotor disorders, loss of energy, cognitive disturbances, a distinct quality of mood, early morning awakening and nonreactivity (the "vital" symptoms). Our findings support the descriptive validity of the DSM-III melancholia diagnostic category, although the DSM-III criteria are too conservative and include nonrelevant symptoms (e.g., diurnal variation, anorexia-weight loss) whilst excluding some important items (e.g., loss of energy, cognitive disorders). Vital depressed men were significantly older, more severely depressed and they exhibited biological disturbances (abnormal dexamethasone suppression test, lower basal thyroid secreting hormone) as opposed to nonvital depressives. There are several arguments to support the possibility that both clusters constitute relevant stages in the overall severity of illness continuum, whilst showing qualitative differences with regard to the vital symptoms. In other words, both clusters are continuous categories within the overall severity of illness continuum and form discrete categories with regard to the vital symptoms. By merging the dimensional and categorical hypotheses, we were able to construct a new integrated threshold model: unipolar depression in men is probably a homogeneous disease with reference to overall severity of illness, but--as severity increases--vital symptoms emerge, grouping together into a distinct profile, i.e., vital depression.
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PMID:A clinical and biological validation of the DSM-III melancholia diagnosis in men: results of pattern recognition methods. 143 45

Depression frequently is diagnosed in persons with chronic illness or following the onset of disability. The overlap of symptoms of many chronic illnesses and disabling conditions with depression may lead to an overestimation of depression in such populations. Some investigators have proposed revised criteria for diagnosing depression in these conditions without an understanding of the contribution of diagnostic criteria in disabling conditions. This study investigated the nature of depressive symptom criteria constellations by individually factor analyzing the Inventory to Diagnose Depression (based on DSM-III diagnostic criteria) in spinal cord injury (n = 134), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 78), student (n = 140), and community (n = 150) groups. A four-factor solution emerged, with the first factor labeled "dysphoria" being represented by symptoms of negative self-evaluations, depressed affect, and suicidal ideation. The results indicate that a core element of the syndrome of depression is dysphoria, which suggests that the contribution of somatic items may be less important to the identification of the depressive syndrome in chronic illness.
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PMID:Dysphoria: a major symptom factor in persons with disability or chronic illness. 143 22

Diabetic and psychiatric out-patients were studied to determine whether the symptom profile of depression was similar in medically ill and medically well subjects. The diagnosis of major depression was determined using psychiatric interviews and DSM-IIIR criteria. The 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to characterize the prevalence and severity of depression symptoms, and the measure was divided into cognitive (13 symptoms) and somatic (eight symptoms) subsets. Seventeen (81%) of 21 symptoms (including 12/13 cognitive and 5/8 somatic symptoms) were not statistically different in prevalence or severity between the depressed diabetic patients (N = 41) and the depressed psychiatric patients (N = 68). Both of these depressed groups were significantly different from a nondepressed diabetic comparison group (N = 58) in the prevalence and severity of every BDI symptom except weight loss. These data show that the symptom profile of depression in diabetic patients (in particular the cognitive symptoms) is similar to that in depressed psychiatric patients and is readily differentiated from the symptom profile in nondepressed diabetic patients. Our observations support the diagnostic validity of the DSM-IIIR criteria for major depression in this medically-ill outpatient sample.
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PMID:Similarity of depression in diabetic and psychiatric patients. 143 62

As part of a military universal HIV screening program, 442 men were assessed for the presence of DSM-III-R defined psychiatric disorders and symptoms of anxiety and depression after notification of HIV seroconversion. Of them, 84.4% were in the earliest, asymptomatic stages of disease at the time of interview (96% did not have AIDS). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales were used. Relevant comparisons were made to Epidemiologic Catchment Area prevalence data. HIV seropositive men were more likely than age-matched men in the community to have current diagnoses of major depression (ages 18-44) and anxiety disorders (ages 25-44). Higher lifetime rates of major depression and alcohol use disorder, and high current prevalence of sexual dysfunction (21.7%) were noted. We conclude that men who become HIV seropositive have high rates of mood and substance use disorders prior to knowledge of seroconversion, and that early in the course of HIV infection men are at risk for developing major depression, anxiety disorders, and disorders of sexual desire.
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PMID:Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in early stages of HIV infection. 143 61

This paper reports on the regional prevalence of symptoms of depression and clinical depression (current major depressive episodes) in Greece in the years 1978 and 1984. Prevalence rates were estimated from two extensive, nationwide cross-sectional home surveys on psychosocial issues and health, carried out in four geographical areas: the Greater Athens area, the Greater Thessaloniki area, the rest of the urban areas and rural areas. The methodology used, the sampling procedure and the screening instrument (The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale) were the same in both surveys. Within the 6-year period a substantial increase in the prevalence of symptoms of depression in all geographic areas was observed, with the Athenian respondents expressing a higher number of symptoms of depression than their counterparts from the other areas. The prevalence of current major depressive episodes, according to specific criteria matched with criteria from the DSM III R, was increased in 1984 in Athens and in the rural areas only. We suggest that economic instability between 1978 and 1984 probably contributed to the changes in the rates of depressive disorders.
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PMID:Changes in the prevalence of symptoms of depression and depression across Greece. 143 93

Major depressive disorder using Feighner et al. (Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 26, 57-63, 1972) and DSM-III or DSM-III-R criteria has proven to be a heterogeneous diagnosis. It apparently includes a wide variety of clinical conditions. This report, based upon the results of a multi-year blind follow-up of 500 randomly selected psychiatric outpatients focuses on certain problems associated with the diagnosis of primary unipolar affective disorders. At index, 141 patients received diagnoses of primary unipolar depression. At follow-up, only 62 (44%) of these received the same diagnosis, with an additional 14 (10%) receiving a diagnosis of undiagnosed: questionable primary unipolar depression, and 5 (4%) a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Thus, about 43% received other diagnoses at follow-up: 35 (25%) diagnoses of secondary depression and 25 (18%) other diagnoses without indication of an affective component. Bipolar patients' stability was significantly better for those who were manic at intake.
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PMID:Unipolar depression: diagnostic inconsistency and its implications. 144 28

The identification of depression in women is a challenge for nurses. Case finding for health promotion can be performed when risk factors are identified, when a determination of symptoms using DSM III-R2 criteria is made, and when the clients are referred for appropriate interventions. The referring nurse can be a support system while the client is in the initial phases of intervention. Nurses can have a major role in the identification of and planning of treatment for women who are depressed or at risk for depression.
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PMID:Predictors of depression in women. 144 71

This study investigated the relationship between depression, physical disability, cognitive deficit and brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with early MS. Eighteen relapsing-remitting MS patients were evaluated: depression was diagnosed according to DSM-III R and measured by the MMPI depression subscale, physical disability was assessed by using the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and cognitive functions by means of an extensive neuropsychological test battery. A neuroradiologist blinded to clinical findings quantified cerebral lesion on MRI. Weighted brain area lesion score were developed according to number and size of cerebral lesions. On the basis of DSM-III criteria, six patients were classified as having major depression, seven patients had minor depression and five patients were without depressive symptoms. No significant differences were found among the three groups on both neuropsychological performances and weighted MRI lesion scores. However patients with major depression exhibit greater physical disability than the other MS subgroups. A significant correlation was found between MMPI depression subscale and physical disability. This study suggests that at least in the early phase of MS, depression appears more related to the physical disability than to the severity of pathological brain involvement.
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PMID:Depression in the early phase of MS: influence of functional disability, cognitive impairment and brain abnormalities. 145 80

A total of 251 elderly residents of 2 boroughs of greater Athens were examined by a psychiatrist. For the assessment of depressive symptoms, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used. Cognitive functioning was also evaluated. The prevalence of affective disorders of any type was estimated by a clinical examination with a semistructured psychiatric interview (PEF) supplemented by DSM-III criteria. A total of 27.1% of the elderly respondents reported a significant number of dysphoric or depressive symptoms and were identified as depressed cases. Respondents who had lower socioeconomic status, were widowed, were experiencing stressful life events or were living alone exhibited a significant degree of depressive psychopathology. An association between depressed mood and cognitive impairment was also found. A total of 9.5% of the sample was diagnosed as suffering from any type of affective disorder (1.6% major depression, 0.6% bipolar, 5.5% dysthymic disorder and 2.0% adjustment disorder with depressed mood). Affective disorders constitute nearly half of the total number of psychiatric diagnoses (20.3% at the sample). It is interesting that, of the 27.1% of the sample with depressed mood (> or = 16 score on CES-D Scale), only 9.5% of the sample were diagnosed as suffering from clinical types of depression.
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PMID:Depressive symptoms and depression among elderly people in Athens. 145 76

Psychostimulants, including ritalin (methylphenidate), were used as antidepressives in the '50s but were then replaced by tricyclics and MAO inhibitors. Treatment of depression with psychostimulants is still controversial. Several anecdotal reports in the past decade approved the use of tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) together with methylphenidate in apathetic and withdrawal states in medically ill and in elderly patients. Ritalin elevates mood by releasing catecholamines and blocking their re-uptake, and also increases serum TCA levels. 5 men and 5 women between the ages of 65 and 79 were diagnosed as suffering from major depressive disorders, either single or recurrent, based on the Revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R). They had been treated with TCA for up to several months with no response. Following addition of methylphenidate, 5-15 mg/d for 2 weeks, 4 men and 3 women improved rapidly, 2 of them within 24 hours.
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PMID:[Combined tricyclic antidepressants and ritalin in elderly depressives]. 145 98


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