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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pharmacology, efficacy, and adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic agents when used to treat schizophrenia and other disorders are reviewed. Atypical antipsychotic agents were developed in response to problems with typical agents, including lack of efficacy in some patients, lack of improvement in negative symptoms, and troublesome adverse effects, especially extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) and tardive dyskinesia CTD). Atypical antipsychotics differ from typical psychotics in their "limbic-specific" dopamine type 2 (D2)-receptor binding and high ratio of serotonin type 2 (5-HT2)-receptor binding to D2 binding. In clinical trials in patients with non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia, risperidone and olanzapine were superior to placebo for positive and negative symptoms. Risperidone and olanzapine were superior to haloperidol on some measures. Quetiapine was better than placebo but was not better than typical antipsychotics. Head-to-head comparisons of atypical antipsychotics in non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia have been inconclusive. Clozapine remains the standard agent for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Atypical agents are substantially more expensive than their typical antipsychotic counterparts. To fully determine the overall efficiency of these drugs, other potential benefits, such as improved quality of life, need to be factored in. Atypical antipsychotics are associated with a decreased capacity to cause EPSs, TD, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and hyperprolactinemia. Clozapine carries a risk of agranulocytosis; the white blood cell count must be monitored. Atypical antipsychotics are increasingly being used for indications other than schizophrenia, such as the management of aggression, mania, and depression. Atypical antipsychotics are often considered first-line agents for treating schizophrenia and are promising treatment alternatives for other psychiatric and neurologic conditions.
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PMID:Atypical antipsychotic agents: a critical review. 1067 77

Previous reports of gabapentin overdose have described mild symptoms of somnolence, ataxia and slurred speech. Quetiapine has produced a false positive for cyclic antidepressants on immunoassay drugscreens. Quetiapine overdose is associated with coma, QTc prolongation and hypotension. We report a case of massive gabapentin and presumptive quetiapine overdose with the highest recorded serum gabapentin concentration (104.5 u/ml) associated with coma, respiratory depression requiring mechanical ventilation, and hypotension.
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PMID:Massive gabapentin and presumptive quetiapine overdose. 1213 76

Parkinson's disease is a neuropsychiatric disease with multiple psychic disorders. They mainly result from a combination between neuropathogical lesions and antiparkinsonian drugs. The most frequent psychic disorders are depression and psychosis. So far, pharmacological treatments of depression has been poorly evaluated. It is suggested that the first-line treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease is the class of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. The occurrence of worsening in parkinsonism and agitation in rare cases necessitates a meticulous clinical follow-up. The treatment of psychosis is based on the reduction of antiparkinsonian medications, by tapering and stopping, if necessary, the drugs with the highest risk-to-benefit ratio first. When psychosis persists despite a simple levodopa monotherapy, then an antipsychotic drug is added. Clozapine is the only officially approved drug for psychosis in Parkinson's disease. Two double blind studies showed a clear antipsychotic effect without worsening of parkinsonism. Quetiapine, another atypical neuroleptic drug without risk of blood dyscrasia may prove to be as effective than clozapine. Olanzapine and risperidone can aggravate parkinsonism and should be used only as a last resort. Future studies will precise the place of anticholinesterases in the treatment of psychosis associated with dementia.
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PMID:[Psychic disorders] 1269 Mar 23

Parkinson's disease is a neuropsychiatric disease with multiple psychic disorders. They mainly result from a combination between neuropathological lesions and antiparkinsonian drugs. The most frequent psychic disorders are depression and psychosis. So far, pharmacological treatments of depression has been poorly evaluated. It is suggested that the first-line treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease is the class of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. The occurrence of worsening in parkinsonism and agitation in rare cases necessitates a meticulous clinical follow-up. The treatment of psychosis is based on the reduction of antiparkinsonian medications, by tapering and stopping, if necessary, the drugs with the highest risk-to-benefit ratio first. When psychosis persists despite a simple levodopa monotherapy, then an antipsychotic drug is added. Clozapine is the only officially approved drug for psychosis in Parkinson's disease. Two double blind studies showed a clear antipsychotic effect without worsening of parkinsonism. Quetiapine, another atypical neuroleptic drug without risk of blood dyscrasia may prove to be as effective than clozapine. Olanzapine and risperidone can aggravate parkinsonism and should be used only as a last resort. Future studies will precise the place of anticholinesterases in the treatment of psychosis associated with dementia.
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PMID:[Psychic disorders]. 1269 Jun 72

While atypical antipsychotics appear to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms in the acute phase of schizophrenia, little is known about their efficacy in patients with ongoing symptoms. The present study assessed whether quetiapine (Seroquel) is more effective than haloperidol in treating depressive symptoms in patients with persistent positive symptoms, and investigated whether this effect is independent, or secondary to, reductions in other symptoms such as positive, negative or extrapyramidal symptoms. Patients with schizophrenia and a history of partial refractoriness to conventional antipsychotics who had not responded to 4 weeks of fluphenazine treatment (20 mg/day) were randomized to receive either quetiapine (600 mg/day) or haloperidol (20 mg/day) for a further 8 weeks. Change in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale depression factor score from baseline to endpoint was calculated and path analyses were performed on data from 269 patients. Quetiapine produced a greater reduction in depressive scores than haloperidol (-1.60 versus -0.54; p = 0.006). The path analyses indicated that this was a direct effect on depressive symptoms. These findings extend the evidence for an antidepressant effect for the novel antipsychotics in schizophrenia, and suggest that this is not limited to acutely psychotic patients.
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PMID:Differential effect of quetiapine on depressive symptoms in patients with partially responsive schizophrenia. 1287 May 69

INTRODUCTION: With the introduction of newer atypical antipsychotic agents, a question emerged, concerning their use as complementary pharmacotherapy or even as monotherapy in mental disorders other than psychosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: MEDLINE was searched with the combination of each one of the key words: risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine with key words that refered to every DSM-IV diagnosis other than schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and dementia and memory disorders. All papers were scored on the basis of the JADAD index. RESULTS: The search returned 483 papers. The selection process restricted the sample to 59 papers concerning Risperidone, 37 concerning Olanzapine and 4 concerning Quetiapine (100 in total). Ten papers (7 concerning Risperidone and 3 concerning Olanzapine) had JADAD index above 2. Data suggest that further research would be of value concerning the use of risperidone in the treatment of refractory OCD, Pervasive Developmental disorder, stuttering and Tourette's syndrome, and the use of olanzapine for the treatment of refractory depression and borderline personality disorder. DISCUSSION: Data on the off-label usefulness of newer atypical antipsychotics are limited, but positive cues suggest that further research may provide with sufficient hard data to warrant the use of these agents in a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders, either as monotherapy, or as an augmentation strategy.
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PMID:Off-label indications for atypical antipsychotics: A systematic review. 1497 68

We present a case of acute oxcarbazepine and atomoxetine overdose combined with excess quetiapine in a 19-y-old male. The patient ingested approximately 36 g oxcarbazepine (514 mg/kg), 1.2 g atomoxetine (17 mg/kg), and 9 mg Quetiapine (128 mg/kg). Central nervous system (CNS) depression with initial unresponsiveness developed within 1 h of ingestion, necessitating intubation for airway protection. Despite aggressive therapy with whole bowel irrigation and charcoal administration, the patient's somnolence persisted for 4 d, punctuated by occasional violent outbursts. Prolonged QTc was noted initially, but normalized within 4 d. This case suggests that acute overdose of oxcarbazepine and atomoxetine combined with quetiapine is associated with rapid and prolonged CNS depression.
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PMID:Acute oxcarbazepine and atomoxetine overdose with quetiapine. 1517 87

Lewy body dementia, also referred to as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), is a neurodegenerative disorder now considered to be the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Postmortem findings suggest that DLB accounts for 20% to 34% of all dementia cases and is often underdiagnosed. Salient features of DLB include fluctuations in cognition, perceptual abnormalities (e.g., visual hallucinations), and mild parkinsonism. Other symptoms include frequent falls, nighttime agitation, and depression. DLB symptomatology can be partly explained by the extensive destruction of dopaminergic and acetylcholinergic pathways caused by neurodegeneration. For this reason, DLB patients are especially vulnerable to the antidopaminergic and anticholinergic actions of most conventional antipsychotics, which makes treatment of the psychotic symptoms of DLB extremely difficult. Patients are particularly sensitive to developing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and also to the potentially fatal complication of neuroleptic sensitivity, which affects approximately 50% of DLB patients. Therefore, a need exists for antipsychotic drugs with less propensity to induce EPS and reduced affinity for dopamine and acetylcholine receptors. Here we review studies evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of psychoses associated with DLB. Olanzapine appears to be poorly tolerated, and risperidone has been associated with high risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Clozapine use remains controversial because of its potent anticholinergic action and risk of agranulocytosis. Quetiapine has been shown to reduce psychiatric manifestations of DLB without causing neuroleptic sensitivity or increasing EPS. Hence, quetiapine is an attractive candidate for the treatment of psychoses in DLB and other dementias.
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PMID:Lewy body dementia: the litmus test for neuroleptic sensitivity and extrapyramidal symptoms. 1526 67

Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic that has sedative effects. In this retrospective study, indices of alcohol use were compared for alcohol-dependent subjects who either were (n = 30) or were not (n = 20) treated with quetiapine (25 to 200 mg nightly) for disturbed sleep. Indices examined included total days of abstinence, number of hospitalizations for detoxification, and days to first relapse over 1 year of clinic treatment. Subjects were male veterans. All subjects had a diagnosis of alcohol dependence, and 90% of subjects in each group were also diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. Both treatment groups contained a large number of subjects treated with psychiatric medications other than quetiapine. Significant differences were not found between the groups with respect to mean age, detoxifications undergone during the previous year, frequency of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder or depression, or antidepressant use. The mean number of days abstinent was significantly greater, and the number of hospitalizations was significantly lower for the quetiapine than for the control group during the period studied. The mean number of days to relapse approached significance for the quetiapine as compared to the control group. This study has the usual limitations of a retrospective review, including the lack of standardized assessments of alcohol use. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that the use of quetiapine to improve disturbed sleep may help alcohol-dependent patients maintain abstinence, although decreased drinking may also be a result of improving posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms or of a direct action of quetiapine to reduce alcohol use.
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PMID:Quetiapine for treatment of alcohol dependence. 1534 10

Quetiapine (QTP) combined with lithium (Li) or divalproex (DVP) for the treatment of mania was evaluated in 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Patients were randomized to 3 or 6 weeks of treatment with QTP plus Li/DVP or placebo (PBO) plus Li/DVP. Quetiapine was dosed up to 800 mg/d; Li was dosed to achieve serum concentrations of 0.7-1.0 mEq/L and DVP to 50-100 microg/mL. A total of 402 patients were randomized: 197 to QTP + Li/DVP and 205 to PBO + Li/DVP. The mean quetiapine dose in responders was 492 (+/-204) mg/d. Improvement in the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) at day 21 in the QTP + Li/DVP group (-15.29) was statistically superior to the PBO + Li/DVP group (-12.19) (P < 0.05). A statistically significant difference in favor of quetiapine was observed within the first week (P < 0.05). Significantly more QTP + Li/DVP patients achieved a response (> or =50% decrease in the YMRS) at day 21 (QTP + Li/DVP, 55.7%; PBO + Li/DVP, 41.6%;P < 0.01). Improvements in Clinical Global Impression-Bipolar Severity of Illness scores by day 21 were also significantly greater in QTP + Li/DVP-treated patients (-1.59) versus PBO + Li/DVP (-1.19) (P < 0.01). Common adverse events (> or =5% and twice that in the PBO + Li/DVP group) in the QTP + Li/DVP group were somnolence, dry mouth, and asthenia. Quetiapine combined with Li/DVP was not associated with extrapyramidal symptoms (including akathisia) or emergent depression. More QTP + Li/DVP-treated patients completed the trial, and there was no difference in discontinuation rates due to adverse events between the two groups. Quetiapine, in combination with lithium or divalproex, is well tolerated and has superior efficacy to lithium or divalproex alone in the treatment of bipolar mania.
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PMID:Quetiapine versus placebo in combination with lithium or divalproex for the treatment of bipolar mania. 1553 20


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