Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Strychnine toxicosis is characterized by inducible tetanic seizures and metaldehyde poisoning by fine fasciculations progressing to generalized tremors and seizures. Intoxication with 1080 causes seizures, random running movements, vomiting, defecation, urination, acidosis and hyperglycemia. Intoxication with rodenticides causing coagulopathy is characterized by hemorrhage into body cavities but not necessarily external hemorrhage. Anticholinesterase insecticides cause salivation, urination and defecation, while chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides cause CNS disturbances. Ethylene glycol intoxication results in ataxia, depression, coma, vomiting and tachypnea, followed by acute renal failure. Urea poisoning causes bloat and CNS signs in cattle. Monensin intoxication in horses lasts several days and causes stiffness, colic, uneasiness and recumbency. Salt poisoning results in depression, seizures and hypernatremia. Lead poisoning is associated with central and peripheral nervous system signs, as well as increased numbers of nucleated RBC and basophilic stippling of RBC. Arsenic poisoning results in GI pain, diarrhea, weakness and death. Copper toxicosis in sheep is manifested by hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Plants that may intoxicate domestic animals include sorghum, greasewood, halogeton, water hemlock, Japanese yew, larkspur, lupine, milk-weed, philodendron, oleander, castor bean and precatory bean.
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PMID:Practical toxicologic diagnosis. 649 3

Short-term and subchronic vapor inhalation studies have shown that there are pronounced differences in the toxicological properties of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME). Overexposure to EGME has resulted in adverse effects on testes, bone marrow and lymphoid tissues in laboratory animals. PGME does not affect these tissues, and instead, overexposure to PGME has been associated with increases in liver weight and central nervous system depression. EGME is primarily oxidized to methoxyacetic acid in male rats, while PGME apparently undergoes O-demethylation to form propylene glycol. Since methoxyacetic acid has been shown to have the same spectrum of toxicity as EGME in male rats, the observed differences in the toxicological properties of EGME and PGME are thought to be due to the fact that the two materials are biotransformed via different routes to different types of metabolites.
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PMID:Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether: metabolism, disposition, and subchronic inhalation toxicity studies. 649 8

Fifteen dogs were given 9.5 ml of ethylene glycol/kg of body weight, orally. Physical examination and clinical laboratory findings were evaluated at 1 and 3 hours after ingestion. Three of these dogs were also evaluated at 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after ingestion. At 1 and 3 hours, the dogs were depressed, ataxic, and polydipsic with increased urine output and serum osmolality. Plasma bicarbonate and urine osmolality were decreased. The osmolal and anion gaps were increased at 1 and 3 hours, respectively. Calcium oxalate crystalluria was first observed at 6 hours. Diminished renal excretory function was not evident until 48 hours. Depression, ataxia, metabolic acidosis, polydipsia, and polyuria in the presence of serum hyperosmolality were early (1 and 3 hour) findings that indicated ethylene glycol intoxication in dogs.
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PMID:Early clinicopathologic findings in dogs ingesting ethylene glycol. 652 24

Clinicopathologic findings were retrospectively evaluated in 26 cats and 24 dogs with ethylene glycol intoxication. Common clinical signs were ataxia, depression, vomiting, and hypothermia. Characteristic alterations in the hemogram and serum chemical profile included neutrophilia, lymphopenia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, and decreased whole blood bicarbonate. Common urinalysis findings included isosthenuria, proteinuria, glucosuria, hematuria, calcium oxalate and hippurate crystalluria, and the presence of renal epithelial cells, white blood cells, and granular and cellular casts in the urine sediment. The high death rate (78%) was attributed to delays in presentation, diagnosis, and therapy.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic findings in dogs and cats with ethylene glycol intoxication. 669 34

Sustained antigenic stimulation following intravenous infection of rabbits with Treponema pallidum results in antibody responses and the formation of immune complexes. Complexes in greater than 300 sera from normal rabbits and from animals with experimental syphilis were measured by Raji cell and polyethylene glycol-complement consumption assays. Profound increases in both the incidence and levels of immune complexes were seen between the third and seventh weeks of infection. Single radial immunodiffusion studies revealed moderate increases in immunoglobulin levels and depression of C3 levels during the third and fourth weeks of infection. Penicillin treatment was followed by normalization of C3 levels and clearance of immune complexes. Lower levels of complexes in the sera of intradermally infected rabbits and the absence of immune complexes in intratesticularly infected animals suggest that immune complexes in the circulation may be related to the extent and severity of cutaneous involvement.
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PMID:Immune complexes in experimental syphilis: a methodologic evaluation. 676 62

The relationship of cortisol in blood plasma with plasma calcium and phosphorus was studied from 3 days before to 2.5 days after calving in 12 dairy cows (third or more parity). Cows were in three groups: 1) paretic (displayed hypocalcemic and lateral recumbency), 2) nonparetic (plasma calcium at least 8.0 mg/100 ml), and 3) borderline (plasma calcium less than 8.0 mg/100 ml). Cortisol concentrations from 0 to 1.5 days postpartum reflected the state of calcium stress of the groups, paretic more than borderline and borderline more than nonparetic. Phosphorus was lower from 0 to 1 day postpartum in paretic cows. Calcium and phosphorus were negatively correlated (within cow) with cortisol (-.53, -.37). In experiments with goats, cortisol was released in response to hypocalcemia and displayed no activity in initiating an onset of hypocalcemia when given exogenously. Also, the observation that cortisol-treated goats responded less severely with calcium depression and recovered faster from induced hypocalcemia by ethylene glycol-bis (beta-amino-ethyl ester) N,N'-tetraacetic acid infusions suggests cortisol may aid the animal in recovering from hypocalcemia.
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PMID:Elevated plasma cortisol during induced and spontaneous hypocalcemia in ruminants. 681 10

The method by which serum osmolality is measured can significantly affect the result if certain volatiles or solvents are present in the specimen. Commonly available solvents and alcohols were added to aliquots of pooled human serum to produce toxicologically relevant concentrations. Increasing concentrations of carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, mono-n-butyl ether (butyl cellosolve), 1, 1,1 trichloroethylene, toluene, and xylene did not change vapor pressure (VP) or freezing point depression (FPD) osmolality. Acetone, ethanol, isopropanol, and methanol in increasing concentrations produced a linear increase in FPD osmolality, but no change in VP osmolality. Only ethylene glycol produced a linear increase in VP and FPD osmolality across the range of concentrations studied. Despite the excellent correlation between osmolality and ethanol concentration in prepared serum samples, this relationship could not accurately predict patient ethanol concentrations from FPD osmolality. The osmolal gap, "delta" osmolality, (measured FPD minus calculated osmolality) did not correlate with the difference between measured FPD and VP osmolalities. Patient ethanol levels could not be predicted with accuracy using an equation based on the osmolal gap or "delta" osmolality.
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PMID:Effect of alcohols and selected solvents on serum osmolality measurements. 688 6

In 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus the number of a circulating basophils was countered in different stages of activity. An inverse correlation was found between the absolute basophils count and anti-DNA antibodies and presumptive circulating immune complexes (as judged by polyethylene glycol precipitation of serum). A positive correlation was found between the absolute basophil count and C3 or C4 levels. IgE on the basophil surface was determined by radioimmunoassay in 7 patients. All of them showed a significantly higher surface IgE number. When the count of circulating basophils was roughly normal, 5 out of the 6 patients showed a positive basophil degranulation test with native DNA. These results suggest the existence of an anti-DNA specific IgE in lupus patients. Depression of the circulating basophil count may be a useful index of lupus activity.
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PMID:Evidence of an immediate hypersensitivity mechanism in systemic lupus erythematosus. 696 64

Information from the clinical laboratory can contribute in several ways to the evaluation and management of the acute consequences of alcohol ingestion. If a blood alcohol analysis is not available, measurement of serum osmolality can be helpful. An elevated ethanol level can explain central nervous system depression. Evidence of acute or chronic alcohol use can explain atypical responses to various drugs. Severe acidosis in association with an increased anion gap may suggest ingestion of other toxic volatiles, such as methanol or ethylene glycol. Alcoholic ketoacidosis, also associated with a large anion gap, may occur in the absence of measureable alcohol or positive test for ketones.
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PMID:Acute toxicology of ethanol ingestion. Role of the clinical laboratory. 700 69

Ducks maintained over winter in an area used for automobile storage and repair were poisoned by anti-freeze. Signs were weakness, depression, ataxia, and death. Post-mortem lesions consisted of marked nephrosis; numerous oxalate crystals occluded the renal tubules. Levels of ethylene glycol were markedly elevated compared with levels in normal tissues. To further characterize the disease, six healthy ducks were given ethylene glycol in oral doses ranging from 1.1 to 17.8 ml/kg. As the dosage was increased, blood and tissue concentrations of ethylene glycol increased and time to death decreased. Histologic lesions were similar to those seen in the accidentally poisoned ducks.
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PMID:Ethylene glycol intoxication in ducks. 702 Jun 83


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